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HISTORY of PRINTING
in COLONIAL MARYLAND

1686-1776

A HISTORY
of P R I N T I N G

COLONIAL

1686-1776

By LAWRENCE C. WROTH, First Assistant
Librarian of the Enoch Pratt Free Library

PUBLISHED BY THE TYPOTHETAE of BALTIMORE

MCMXXII

'Publication (Committee

NATHAN BILLSTEIN, of The Lord Baltimore Press, Chairman
EDWARD B. PASSANO, of The Williams 6? Wilkins Company
GEORGE K. HORN, of The Maryland Color Printing Company

To His
Father and JHCother

Its Earliest and Kindest 'Patrons

this ^ookjs dedicated by

the ^Author

T is only by infrequent contributions that there is being
formed a body of writing on that phase of American liter-
ary history which has to do with the history of printing
in the original colonies. For generations in England and
in continental Europe the investigation of typographi-
cal origins has been a field of research in which scholars
have taken a particular delight, but although Isaiah Thomas wrote his
11 History of Printing in America" more than a hundred years ago, and
although in general American bibliography, Sabin and Charles Evans
have compiled notable works which should have given impetus to this study
in the United States, yet it remains true that intensive investigations of the
printing history of the individual colonies, or of the is sue of their presses,
have been undertaken with noticeable reluctance. When there have been
I mentioned the works of Hildeburnfor Pennsylvania and New York, of
| Roden and Little field for early Massachusetts, of JPeeks for North Caro-
\ Una, of Clayton-Torrence for Virginia, and of The John Carter Brown
Library for Rhode Island, the tale has been completed.1

The typographical history of Mary land, the fourth of the English colo-
nies in which the art was established, had never been made the subject of an
especial study until the present work was undertaken. One whose interest
lay in that subject had for authority only the general history of Isaiah
Thomas, which, in its section devoted to Maryland, added inaccuracy of
statement to an inevitable poverty of detail. Writing before the provincial

^ildeburn, C. S. R., A Century of Printing, The Issues of the Press in Pennsylvania, 1685-1784. 2 v. Phila.
1885. Sketches of Printers and Printing in Colonial New York. N.Y. 1895.

Roden, R. F., The Cambridge Printers, 1638-1692. N.Y. 1905.

Littlefield, G. E., The Early Massachusetts Press, 1638-1711. 2 v. Boston, 1907.

Weeks, S. B., The Press of North Carolina in the i8th Century. Brooklyn, 1893.

Clayton-Torrence, William, A Trial Bibliography of Colonial Virginia, 1607-1776. (Published in two sections
as parts of the "Report of the Librarian of the Virginia State Library," for 1908 and 1909.)

Rhode Island Imprints, 1727-1800. Compiled by [Miss Rebecca P. Steere] the John Carter Brown Library.
Providence, 1915.

[v]

records of Maryland had been collected and published^ Mr. Thomas as-
serted that -printing in Lord Baltimore's province began with the press
which William Parks set up in Annapolis in the y e ar 1726 ^and succeed-
ing writers have repeated his error and continue still to repeat it in spite
of the accessibility to them of records unknown to the pioneer historian.
Occasionally ',// is true^a writer has discovered traces of an earlier group
of Maryland printers than that which Mr. Thomas had knowledge of^but
as a general thing these discoveries have not been made the matter of per-
manentrecord, so that for all practical purposes the current knowledge of
Maryland printing origins remains today in the state in which Thomas
left it, and this is true in spite of the efforts at correction made by the edi-
tors of his second edition in the year 1874. OH tne other hand^ if in the
accepted chronology of American printing^ the date of the Maryland ori-
gins is set a generation later than is correct^ the traditional date of its
beginning^ a tradition fabricated less than half a century ago byj. Thomas
Scharf) has been placed at least two generations earlier than is warranted
by the evidence.

It is proposed by the writer of the present work, dismissing as inde-
fensible Scharfs unsupported assertions , to demonstrate that printing
began in Maryland probably forty years before Parks set up his press in
Annapolis t and that three printers operated in the Province and two
others were licensed to operate there before the year which is usually ac-
cepted as marking the inauguration of the typographic art on the shores
of the Chesapeake. The history of the later presses also will be set forth
with some minuteness ^ and in an appendix to the narrative will be placed
a list of all Maryland imprints between the years 1689 and 1776, in so
far as these could be collected either at first handy]rom printed bibliog-
raphies^ or by title from records presumptive of their publication.

If it seem at times in this narrative that undue attention has been given

1 In the facr of this generalization, one must call attention to the fact that various Maryland writers, partic-
ularly William Hand Browne and Bernard C. Steiner, editors of the Archives oj Maryland, have consistently
pointed to evidence of the existence of earlier printers than were known to Thomas. Hugh A. Morrison cited evi-
dence of the operations of the first Maryland printer in a note, pp. 62 and 63, in his Catalogue of the Books, Manu-
scripts and Maps Relating Principally to America, Collected by the late Levi Z. Letter. Washington, 1907; and an
anonymous writer in the Baltimore Sun, June 1, 1907, adduced similar evidence from the Provincial records.

2Scharf, J. T., History of Maryland. 3 v. Baltimore, 1879, 1: 190; for a discussion of Scharfs story, see appen-
dix of this narrative.

[vi]

to the bibliography of Maryland laws and to the legislation underlying
their publication, it must be remembered that it was the printing of laws
and the public business generally which brought printers to the early
American cities. In the seventeenth century , in such capitals as Annap-
olis and Williamsburg, the private patronage of the press would not have
provided a living for the least ambitious of its votaries. Public printing
was the living of the printer in colonial Maryland until after the middle
of the eighteenth century; the publication of the laws was his reason for
being in the Province. The eye of authority looked with uneasiness on
such issues of his press as did not initiate in a government office ', and its
hand was continually raised in the gesture of plucking away the license
by favor of which he gained his bread. The literary activity of the Prov-
ince came late into being, and the religious life was of a sort that rarely
sought expression in print. In these pages a few sermons will be taken
account of, and a political document or two will be noticed, but it is pre-
eminently the printing of the Maryland laws that forms the framework
for the early part of the narrative which here ensues.

It is obvious that to have carried through a work of this character with-
out assistance from many persons would have been a supremely tedious
task, but fortunately the author has not been compelled to encounter his
difficulties alone. In the course of his adventure he has found a helping
hand reached out to him in whatever direction he has turned, and for the
assistance which has been freely given by everyone to whom he has ap-
plied, he here acknowledges himself most grateful. As usual in such casesy
however, there are certain individuals whose aid has been of such a charac-
ter as to give him an especial pleasure in its acknowledgment. Foremost
among these must be mentioned Mr. Wilberforce Eames of the NewYork
Public Library, that kindly book-lover and scholar who by making himself
the servant of all American bibliographers has become their master. It is
with an added sense of obligation, too, that the author recalls the interest
displayed in the work at every step in its progress by his chief in the Enoch
Pratt Free Library, Dr. Bernard C. Steiner, whose knowledge of even this
bypath of colonial history has proved to be an unfailing source which could
be drawn upon without restraint, as its richness was yielded always with-

[vii]

out stint. Mr. Leonard L. Mackall, of Baltimore and Savannah, erudite
bibliophile and citizen of the world, has given to the author guidance as to
sources of information, and has inspired him with something of his own
zest in literary research. Mr. L. H. Dielman, of the Peabody Institute, Bal-
timore, not only has given freely of his bibliographical and historical knowl-
edge, but as well has displayed throughout that peculiarly sympathetic
quality of interest and encouragement which is his choice possession. Mr.
George Watson Cole, the Henry E. Huntington librarian, in a specific
matter has made easy a part of the task which the author's ignorance of
certain bibliographical practices was rendering laborious. For assistance
in other specific points thanks are due to Mr. Edward Ingle and J. Hall
Pleas ants, M.D. of Baltimore; the Rev. Thomas Hughes and the late Rev.
E. I. Devitt, both of the Society of Jesus; Messrs. Hugh A. Morrison and
J. C. Fitzpatrick of the Library of Congress; Mr. Victor Hugo P alts its of
the New York Public Library and Mr. Earl G. Swem of the William and
Mary College Library. A particular acknowledgment should be made to
Mr. Robert A. Hayes and Mr. Charles Fickus of the Maryland Histori-
cal Society staff for cheerful and patient acceptance of almost daily de-
mands on their attention. For courtesies extended both by correspondence
and in person thanks are owing to the librarians and staffs of the Library
of Congress; the Peabody Library, the Enoch Pratt Free Library and the
Maryland Diocesan Library, of Baltimore; the Maryland State Library
and the Land Office, of Annapolis; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania,
the Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia Library Company, the Universi-
ty of Pennsylvania Library and the American Philosophical Society; the
New York Public Library, the New York Historical Society and the New
York Bar Association Library; the Boston Athencsum, Harvard College
Library, and the Massachusetts Historical Society; the American Anti-
quarian Society; the John Carter Brown Library and the Rhode Island
Historical Society.

An acknowledgment of indebtedness would be incomplete which failed
to comment on the spirit in which a difficult piece of typographical work
has been handled by Mr. Norman T. A. Munder and his associates, the
printers of the book. Each person in that establishment concerned in the

[ viii ]

publication has seemed to the author to be animated by the finest -pride of
craftsmanship, and more than this it would be difficult to say in praise of
practitioners of their exacting art. It is a matter of no little interest in
the record of present-day American presses that the completion of this
book coincides almost to a day with the conclusion by Mr. Munder and
two of his associates of thirty-five years in which they have worked to-
gether in the production of works distinguished alike for beauty and
typographical excellence.

If it is certain that the book could not have been written without assis-
tance from those persons and institutions which have been named, it is
equally certain that alone the author could not have hoped to publish the
results of his researches in a suitable form. Owing to the interest of Mr.
Nathan Billstein, however, this responsibility was taken from him by the
Typothetae of Baltimore, an association of master printers, the members
of which by this action proclaim their pride in the printing art and their
interest in its traditions in the State where they practice it. It is the au-
thor s hope that their confidence in his work will be justified by its use-
fulness to the book-loving world.

LAWRENCE C. WROTH.
The Enoch Pratt Free Library,
Baltimore, May 10, 1922.

[ix]

CONTENTS

Chapter 'Page

INTRODUCTION v

i THE NUTHEAD PRESS OF JAMESTOWN, ST. MARY'S

AND ANNAPOLIS i

ii WILLIAM BLADEN, PUBLISHER, AND His PRINTER,

THOMAS READING 17

in THOMAS READING, PUBLIC PRINTER 27

iv EVAN JONES, BOOKSELLER, AND EDITIONS OF LAWS

PRINTED IN PHILADELPHIA AND LONDON ... 39

v JOHN PETER ZENGER, PUBLIC PRINTER OF MARY-
LAND 49

vi WILLIAM PARKS, PRINTER, OF MARYLAND AND VIR-
GINIA 59

vii JONAS AND ANNE CATHARINE GREEN, PRINTERS TO

THE PROVINCE 75

vin BACON'S "LAWS OF MARYLAND" 95

ix THE BEGINNING OF PRINTING IN BALTIMORE . . in
x WILLIAM AND MARY KATHERINE GODDARD . . . 119

APPENDIX: THE FABLED JESUIT PRESS— DOCUMENTS
RELATING TO PARKS AND GREEN 147

MARYLAND IMPRINTS OF THE COLONIAL PERIOD,
1689-1776 155

INDEX 257

T>ESCRIPriON OF THE TLATES

PLATE I, page 6

Reproduced from the only recorded copy, that in the Public Record Office, London. This
is the earliest example of the Maryland press known to be in existence. (See No. I of
Bibliographical Appendix.)

PLATE II, page 20

The Brinley copy, reproduced by permission of the Maryland Historical Society, its pres-
ent owner. In the reproduction, the upper left-hand corner, including part of the letter
"N" has been restored by the engraver. This is the earliest example of the Maryland
press known to be in America. (See No. 5 of Bibliographical Appendix.)

PLATE III, page 32

Page 1 13 of the collection of Maryland laws of 1707. Reproduced by permission of its pres-
ent owner, a descendant of its original owner, Robert Goldsborough, Esq., of "Ashby,"
Talbot County, Maryland. The volume has been deposited temporarily in the Pea-
body Library of Baltimore. (See No. if of Bibliographical Appendix.)

PLATE IV, page 64

Reproduced from a photostat copy of the title-page taken from the copy in the Library of
Congress. (See No. 43 of Bibliographical Appendix.)

PLATE V, page 66

"Reproduced from the only known copy, that in the British Museum. (See No. 70 Biblio-
graphical Appendix.)

PLATE Va, page 69

See this title in Bibliographical Appendix for the years 1727-1732, 1734. Reproduced by
permission from copy in the Maryland Historical Society.

PLATE VI, page 78

Reproduced by permission from the copy in the Maryland Diocesan Library, Baltimore.
Its first owner, as the autograph and date indicate, was the Rev. Samuel Keene, rector
of St. Anne's Parish, Annapolis, 1761-1767. The word "Propriety" in the title has been
restored for the purposes of this reproduction. (See No. 255 of Bibliographical Appendix.)

PLATE VII, page 86

Reproduced by permission from the copy in the Maryland Diocesan Library, Baltimore.
Formerly owned by the Rt. Rev.Thomas John Claggett, first bishop of Maryland. (See
No. 243 of Bibliographical Appendix.)

PLATE VIII, page 92

Reproduced by permission from the copy in the Maryland Historical Society. (See No. 291
of Bibliographical Appendix.)

[ xiii ]

'DESCRIPTION OF THE PL4TES

PLATE IX, page 108

Reproduced from the author's copy of the large paper edition. Its original owner, Walter
Dulany, Esq., of Annapolis, one of the underwriters of the publication, presented this
copy to Messrs. Capel & Osgood Hanbury, London merchants in the Maryland trade.
(See No. 254. of Bibliographical Appendix.)

PLATES X# AND X£, page 218

These headings of the second Maryland Gazette are reproduced to supplement the verbal
descriptions given under this title for the years 1762-1776. Reproduced by permission
from copies in the Maryland Historical Society. The typical heading of the earlier issues,
beginning with 1745, is shown facing page 24, vol. 2, of J. Thomas Scharf's History of
Maryland, in the form of a reproduction of the first issue of this newspaper.

PLATES XI# AND XI£, page 240

Headings of Goddard's Maryland Journal, begun 1773, and Dunlap's Maryland Gazette,
begun 1775. Reproduced by permission from copies in the Maryland Historical Society.

[xiv]

HI STORY of PRINTING
in COLONIAL MARYLAND

CHAPTER ONE

The Nuthead 'Press of ^Jamestown, St. tJKCary *s and ^Annapolis —
William Nuthead \ the Inaugurator of Printing in Virginia
land— 'Dinah Nuthead, his Successor

j[N THE year 1671, the Lords Commissioners of Foreign
Plantations addressed to Sir William Berkeley, the royal
governor of Virginia, a series of questions relating to the
state of his government. In his reply to that one of the
questions which had to do with religious education in the
colony, Sir William, a choleric old gentleman, who had
been much vexed by the local radicals, evinced the wrong-
headed honesty of conviction which characterized many of his utterances
and actions. "I thank God," he wrote, "there are no free schools nor printing
and I hope we shall not have these hundred years; for learning has brought
disobedience, and heresy and sects into the world, andprintinghas divulged
them, . . . God keep us from both I"1

It is plainly to be perceived from this declaration that there existed small
chance for the establishment of a press in Virginia under the Berkeley regime,
but Sir William's long governorship came to an end eventually, and in the
year 1682, during the administration of Lord Culpeper, Mr. John Buckner,2
a merchant of Gloucester County, brought in a press and a printer and set
up at Jamestown the second printing establishment of English America.
Begun auspiciously enough, what seems to have been the first venture of
this partnership met with such ill favor from the authorities as to discour-
age further attempts at printing in Virginia for many years. The action of
the Virginia Council on hearing that Buckner's press was preparing to issue
certain session laws is told in the following record:3
Att a Councell held att James Citty February 21 : 1682/3. . . .
Mr. John Buckner being by his Excellency Thomas Lord Culpeper ordered to appear

1 Hening, W. W., Statutes at Large . ..of Virginia, 1: 517.

2 John Buckner, Gent., the ancestor of a numerous family in the United States, patented 1,000 acres of land
in Gloucester County in 1669, and became a merchant with wide connections in Maryland and Virginia. Virginia
Magazine of History and Biography, 1 : 406, and William and Mary College Quarterly, 7:9, 10 and 1 1.

1 Public Record Office: C. O. 5. vol. 51, No. 42, 1683, Jan.-May. See Cal. State Papers, Col. Ser. A. fc? W. I.,
1681-1685, p. 390, No. 961.

[I]

*A History of Printing in Colonial <3tCary land

this day before him & the Councel to answer for his presumption, in printing the acts of
Assembly made in James Citty in November 1682, and several other papers, without
lycence, acquainted this board, that he had several times commanded the Printer not to
let any thing whatever passe his presse, before he had obtained his Excellencies lycence,
and that noe acts of assembly are yet printed, only two sheetes, wch were designed to be
presented to his Excellency for his approbation of the print: This board having seriously
considered, what the said Mr. John Buckner has said, in his defence, are well satisfied there-
with, but for prevention of all troubles and inconveniences, that may be occasioned thorow
the liberty of a presse, doe hereby order that Mr. John Buckner and William Nulhead
(sic) the Printer enter into bond of one hundred pounds sterling with good security, that
from and after the date hereof, nothing be printed by either of them, or any others for them,
of what nature soever, in the aforesaid presse or any other in this Colony, untill the signifi-
cation of his Maj'ties pleasure shall be known therein, which his Excellency hath promised
to acquaint his Majesty with. NICHO: SPENCER, Secr'ty.

Several months later, on September 29, 1683, tn^s order of the Virginia
Council was read before the Lords of Trade in England, and it was by
them decided that the new governor, Lord Francis Howard of Effingham,
should pursue a policy of absolute prohibition in regard to printing in his
government. On December 14, 1683, they approved the King's letters of
instruction to Howard, in which his Majesty had written,

"And whereas We have taken notice of the inconvenience that may arise by the Liberty
of Printing in that Our Colony, you are to provide by all necessary orders and Directions
that no person be permitted to use any press for printing upon any occasion whatsoever."1

Seven years later this restriction was modified to accord with the usual
form of conditional prohibition under which the press operated in other
colonies. In his instructions of October 9, 1690, Howard was told that "No
printer's press is to be used without the Governor's leave first obtained,"2
but even then, after it had been put on the same footing of sufferance as
it stood upon in the northern colonies, the press in Virginia did not revive
as might have been expected.3 It was not until the coming of William Parks
to Williamsburg in the year 1730 that printing became an established fea-
ture of life in the oldest of the American colonies, although as has been shown,
it had been practised there for a short period nearly half a century before
this time.4

1 Cal. State Papers, Col. Series, A. 6? W. I., 1681-1685, Nos. 1416 and 1428; new number in P. R. O. is C. O.
389/8, pp. 267-272. Colonial Entry Book. Plantations General, 1679-1684.

2 Cal. State Papers, 1689-1692, No. 1099.

3 The lethargy of Virginia in regard to printing during the ensuing forty years is not easily accounted for. In
Maryland, during the same period, as the narrative will bring out, various presses existed and were patronized by
the government, and in Pennsylvania in spite of the disapproval of William Penn {Minutes of Provincial Council
of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1852, i: 278), the press throve from its first establishment.

4 A single Williamsburg imprint of the year 1702, with printer's name given as "Fr. Maggot," has been re-
corded. It is generally supposed that this imprint is false. As far as the author knows, it has never been made the
subject of an extended investigation. Evans No. 1057.

[a]

The Nuthead Press • William and 'Dinah Nuthead

The foregoing incidents in the history of the neighboring colony are re-
lated here for the reason that they have a direct bearing upon the story of
the press in Maryland, and in particular upon the life of the first Mary-
land printer. It seems clear that the orders which Howard brought with
him to Virginia effectually put an end to the venture of John Buckner and
William Nuthead. To Buckner, the merchant and planter, the failure of the
press meant only disappointment and vexation; to Nuthead, the printer, it
meant ruin. Under circumstances so distressing as this, it has been the im-
memorial custom for the Virginian to move to Maryland, and Nuthead,
not long after his press had been stopped, packed his equipment and betook
himself to the traditional place of refuge. In Lord Baltimore's province, he
lived and worked at his vocation from 1686, or earlier, until his death in
the year I695.1

"WILLIAM NUTHEAD OF ST. MARYS CITTY PRINTER"

The decade from 1685 to 1695 is less well known than almost any other
period of Maryland history, for the reason that the documentary record
for these years contains many lamentable gaps. During the Protestant
Revolution of 1689, and for two years thereafter, the records were kept
either badly or not at all, and in the removal of the capital from St. Mary's to
Annapolis in the year 1694 many of the precious documents of earlier years
were damaged, while of those which remained intact a number of impor-
tant volumes were consumed by the fire which destroyed the State House
in the year 1704. On account of these several losses, it is not possible to tell
the story even of the principal events of the period in satisfactory detail,
much less to relate consecutively the history of an individual citizen of the
Province in those troublous years. In the documents which have survived
accident and neglect, however, there remain a sufficient number of refer-
ences to one William Nuthead of St. Mary's to enable the investigator to
delineate in outline his life in Maryland, and to claim for him the distinc-
tion of having established and operated the first Maryland press. The exist-
ence of his or of any other printing office in seventeenth-century Maryland
has been questioned, but it is believed that the evidence which will now
be adduced establishes beyond doubt the fact that the press of William
Nuthead was in more or less regular operation at St. Mary's during the
years from 1686 to 1695.

The first recorded evidence of the presence of a printer in Maryland
occurs in an act of Assembly for October 1686, in which provision was

1For a brief statement of Nuthead's venture in Virginia, see Bruce, P. ^..^Institutional History of Virginia in
the ifth Century. 2 v. N. Y., 1910, 1 : 402 and 403.

[3]

<v^ History of Printing in Colonial tJfCary land

made for the "Payment and Assessmt of the Publiqe Charge of this Prov-
ince." Therein, among many others, is found this item, "To Wm. Nutt-
head Printer five Thousand five Hundred and fifty pounds of Tobaccoe."1
In view of his earlier history in Virginia, and of his later history in Mary-
land, the simple and natural assumption in reading the item which has
been quoted is that when the Province paid William Nuthead for services
rendered, and designated his trade in the act of payment, those services
had been performed in the practise of the trade therein specified.

In the following month, November i686,"William Nuthead of St. Marys
Citty Printer" took up three hundred acres of land, known thereafter as
"Nutheads Choice," lying in Talbot County and "to beholden of theMan-
nor of Baltemore." The annual quit rent for the property was named as
twelve shillings sterling, but the conditions under which the warrant had
been granted were not specified in the certificate of survey. A short six
months after the date of his warrant, on April 4, 1687, f°r a sufficient sum,
the amount of which was not disclosed, "William Nuthead of St. Marys
Citty Printer" sold or made perpetual assignment of his plantation in Tal-
bot to one Edward Fisher, and with its sale "Nutheads Choice," together
with its new owner, becomes of no further interest in this narrative.2

THE FIRST RECORDED ISSUE OF THE MARYLAND PRESS,

THE "PROTESTANT DECLARATION" OF 1689

William Nuthead's earliest printing activities have not been kept in re-
membrance. In spite of the fact that he was a resident of St. Mary's City
and in the pay of the Provincial government certainly as early as 1686, it
is necessary to pass over the ensuing three years to the riotous days of the
"Protestant Revolution" before there is found an issue of his press which
has been recorded by name. The circumstances out of which arose the pub-
lication in question give it a singular interest in Maryland political history.
After overturning the Proprietary government in July 1689, Colonel John
Coode and seven others of the leaders of the Revolution drew up a manifesto
entitled "The Declaration of the Reasons and Motives for the Present Ap-
pearing in Arms of their Majesties Protestant Subjects in the Province of

1 Archives of Maryland, 13: 131. The assumption will be permitted that William Nulhead, a printer, compelled
to forego his trade in Virginia in the year 1683, and William Nuthead, a printer in the pay of the Maryland gov-
ernment in 1686, were one and the same individual. Whether the assumption be allowed, however, is of compara-
tively small importance in the ensuing relation of the activities of William Nuthead, the first Maryland printer.
It should be said too, that although he is variously known as Nulhead, Nuthead, Nutthead and Nothead, his
name certainly was not "Roughead" as it is given in the number of the Virginia Magazine of 'History and Biogra-
phy previously referred to.

1 Land Records, Liber 22, folio 295, ms. in Land Office, Annapolis, Md. The parcel of land described lay in what
is now Caroline County, then a part of Talbot.

[4]

The Nuthead Press • William and T)inah Nuthead

Maryland,"1 signed it as of July 25, 1689, and transmitted the original or
a manuscript copy of it to London for the information of the King in whose
name and interest their subversion of the government had been undertaken.
A perusal of the document makes clear the fact that it was intended not
only as a justification of their proceedings in the eyes of King and Council,
but even more as a means of explaining their usurpation and gaining sup-
port for it from the people of Maryland.

To make effective their purpose of gaining adherents it is evident that a
wide local distribution of the "Declaration" would have been regarded as
desirable by the Associators, andnothing could have been more natural than
that they should have turned to the printer who was established in the vil-
lage where they had ensconced themselves and demanded his services in
the interests of their propaganda. This much is assumption. No copy re-
mains of the "Declaration" as printed by William Nuthead of St. Mary's
City to demonstrate that the Associators pursued the course which has been
suggested, but that such an edition of it was actually published is rendered
almost certain by the circumstance that later in the year 1689, one Randal
Taylor, a London publisher, issued an edition of the Maryland "Declara-
tion"2 which bore as its colophon the following succinct statement: "Mary-
land, Printed by William Nuthead at the City of St. Maries. Re-printed in
London, and sold by Randal Taylor near Stationers Hall, 1689." While it
is true that frequently through the ages books have been issued bearing
false or misleading imprints, there has never been adduced a reason for be-
lieving that the London edition of the Maryland "Declaration" belongs in
that category. William Nuthead was an actual person living in St. Mary's
City in the year 1689, and in the same year a London publisher declared in
a work licensed by an authorized official that this William Nuthead had
printed the original edition of the work in question. It is axiomatic that the
statement of an imprint is to be accepted as true unless reasons can be urged
for believing it to be false; otherwise imprints would possess no significance,
and long ago would have fallen into disuse.

Formerly the claim that Maryland printing began in the year 1689 was
not allowed because no Maryland printed copy of the "Protestant Decla-
ration" could be produced as evidence in support of it, and although even

1 Original signed document in Public Record Office, London. See Cal. State Papers, A. &? W. /., 1689-1692, No.
290. Copy of original published in Archives of Maryland, 8: 101.

2 The full titleof the "Protestant Declaration," as printed by Randolph Taylor in London is as follows: The Dec-
laration of the Reasons and Motives for the Present Appearing in Arms of their Majesties Protestant Subjects
in the Province of Maryland. Licens'd, November 28, 1689. J. F. [Colophon:] Maryland, Printed by William
Nuthead at the City of St. Maries. Re-printed in London, and sold by Randal Taylor near Stationers Hall, 1689.
For additional facts concerning it, see under the above title in the bibliographical appendix.

[5]

ADDRESS

Of the Reprefentatives of their Majeftyes
SiiiW?., in the Provinnce of Mary-Land Affcmbled.

To tie /0»£* mft Excellent Mat fa.

Whereas we are i with all humilky i fully aflured that the bcne*
fit -of your Maicftycs. glorious undertakeings and bleflld luc-
ce/5, for the Protcftant Religion, r.nd civil rights and libertyes of your
Subic&s was gracioujly imcndcd to be Exrw/iiw, as well tothis remote
psrc, as 10 all othcrsot ) our Majellyes Territories and Countries } and
T>*mi' the'tby intiuenc'd toexprels cur uttnoft ^eal 2nd endeavouts for
voar Maicllyes Icrvice, the Proteftant Religion, here of late- notori.
cully oppol'd, and your Maicflyes Soveraigne Right and Dominion, to
rhi> your MaieftyesProMnceof Mary-land, invaded and undermined,
by cur late Popilh Governoius their Agents arid Complices.

Wee ycnr Af-iHlyer moil ducyful and loyal Subicfts of this Province,
being ^llimbled, as the Repreleiuative body of the fame, doe humbly
pray your Aftieityfsgnuior.sconfideration, of the great G re vances and
(Jpprellions, wte lave long laicn under, lately reprcfented to yourAfa-
icllv, anddireded to your Maiertyes principal Secretary es of State, in a
certaine iJeclarAtion from the Coroinders, Officers and Gtutlemen lately
in /frmes (or your Maicltyts Scivicc and the Dctcnce oi the ProtelUnc
Reii^'on.

And that your Mail (ly \vouldbegracioullypleafd hfuchwayes and
n»eti OJs as to your /'rincely wifdom fhall fccme meet,to appoint fuch A
deliverance ro your Suffering People, whereby for the future our 7(f-
/iffion Ki^bnand LUxrtjn may be becurd, under a 'Proteflaat Go~»em»ie^t^
by your Ma iri I j cs gracious direction Elpcci.il! y to be appointed - -• We
will wayte with all becon.eing Duty snd Loyalty your Maieftyes Pica.
fart herein ; And will in the mean time, to the haUrd of our lives and
Fortunes ?erfrverf, and continue to v indicate and defend your Maieftyes
Rioht and SoVeraigne Dominion over this Province, the Proteftam RtUgi-
on, and the civil rights and libertyes of your Maieftyes Subjects here, a-
rainft all manner of attempts and oppoficion whatfoever- Hereby una-
nvmoully dcclareing, that as wee have a //.// ftnccoi the bleflingof /j'ea-
vcaven upon your Maieftyes Generous undertake ings, foi vvillende*.
vour to exprels our due gtatitude forth; fame, as becomes profeflbrs oi*
the bcfl of Kcligioiis, and Subiecls to the be ft of Princes.

Maryland printed by order of the AflemblyatthcCitty
of St. Maryes Auguft : zdth.

PLATE I. See page xiii.

The Nuthead Press - William and 'Dinah Nuthead

yet no such copy has been discovered, the necessity for evidence of this
character is now less imperative because of the greater existing knowledge
of the life and activity of William Nuthead, and because through the dis-
covery of a broadside printed in Maryland a few weeks after the presumed
publication of the "Declaration" at St. Mary's City, the burden of the claim
has been shifted to a more firmly established base. In the following section
of the narrative the broadside which is here referred to will be described
and discussed.

THE FIRST EXTANT ISSUE OF THE MARYLAND PRESS,
THE ASSEMBLY "ADDRESS" OF 1689

The services of William Nuthead to the Associators were not concluded
by the printing of their "Declaration." Soon after the publication of that
document, addresses from various sources began to be drawn up for pre-
sentation to the King, some of them by the Protestant supporters of the
Revolution, others by Protestants who had remained loyal to the Proprie-
tary and his government. In the class first described was an"Address"from
the Assembly, which, in the official manuscript copy transmitted to his
Majesty, was dated "September 4, 1689." This copy, as it turned out, was
received by the Lords of Trade on December 31, I689,1 but fearing with
good cause that it had been captured by the French,2 Coode wrote to the
Privy Council on December lyth and stated in the letter that he was send-
ing enclosed additional copies of the "Declaration" and of the "Address"
of the Assembly.3 On February 7, 1689/90, Lord Shrewsbury turned over
to the Lords of Trade Coode's letter4 and a printed copy of this "Address,"5
printed it seems before its adoption by the delegates, but certified as an
authentic copy in the following words written across its bottom margin by
the Clerk of the Assembly: "This is a true coppy of the Original. Attested
per John Llewellin Clk Assembly."

The title and description of this broadside, preserved in the Public Rec-
ord Office, London,6 is as follows:

The | Address | of the Representatives of their Majestyes Protestant | Subjects, in the
Provinnce (sic) of Mary-Land Assembled.)

1 Arc hives of Maryland, 13: 239 and 240, where it is reprinted with the Lords of Trade indorsements.

* Archives of Maryland, 8: 167.

8 Archives of Maryland, 8: 151 and 152.

4 Archives of Maryland, 8: 152. Lord Shrewsbury was one of his Majesty's principal secretaries of state. For
an account of him see"Talbot, Charles, I2th Earl and only Duke of Shrewsbury" in the Dictionary of National
Biography.

6 Archives of Maryland, 13: 231 and 232, where it is reprinted with the Lords of Trade indorsements.

' Old reference for this paper in P. R. O. was America and West Indies. No. 556, B. D., p. 6. Noted in the ms.
calendar of Maryland papers in P. R. O. compiled by Henry Stevens, now in the Maryland Historical Society, as
B. T. Maryland, vol. i.B. D., p. 6. Its present number is C. O. 5/718.

^A History of Printing in (^o Ionia I ^Cary land

It contains a concise statement of the causes of the Revolution and an ex-
pression of loyalty to their Majesties, presented in terms appreciably more
moderate than had been employed in the "Declaration," and what is of the
greatest importance in this story of the Maryland press, it bears at the bot-
tom of the sheet the following colophon:

Maryland printed by order of the Assembly at the Citty |of St. Maryes August: 26th.
1689.1

Coode's assertion in his letter of December lyth that he was sending a
copy of the Assembly's "Address," the fact that Coode's letter and a printed,
attested copy of that "Address" were received by the Lords of Trade from
Lord Shrewsbury on the same day, and the colophon of the "Address" it-
self combine to furnish a reasonably clear pedigree for the printed broad-
side in the Public Record Office which, in the absence of a copy of the
Maryland edition of the "Declaration," must be claimed as the earliest ex-
tant issue of the Maryland press, and the chief bibliographical evidence for
the seventeenth-century origin of typography in Lord Baltimore's Province.

LATER ACTIVITIES OF MARYLAND'S FIRST PRINTER

When we find Nuthead figuring once more in public affairs, the Province,
now under a royal governor, has resumed that aspect of peacefulness into
which the turbulency of the Protestant Associators had entered brusquely
some four years before. On October 14, 1693, there was read in the Council
a deposition made by William Nuthead in regard to a printing "job" which
Colonel Darnall, agent of the dispossessed Lord Baltimore, had demanded
that he put through as a "rush order." The transaction is of importance in
this narrative inasmuch as in the entry which records it, one is enabled to
catch a glimpse of the first Maryland printer in the actual prosecution of his
business,and to observe the straight course which a publicprinter must needs
hold to in that day of restricted liberty of the press. At the meeting of the
Council on the day named above, there was

"Produced at this Board Coppy of a blanck Warrant which was Given by Coll Darnall
& Mr. Smith as a president (sic, precedent) to William Nuthead the Printer in order to
print a certain Number of the same, for their Use, the Tenor whereof followed in these
words, Vizt. . . . [Here follows in the original a blank land warrant running in the Proprie-
tary's name].

On the back of the abovesd Warrant was taken the following Deposition, Vizt.

Octbr I4th 1693.

The Deposition of William Nuthead of St. Maries City Printer Aged Thirty Nine years
or thereabouts. This Depont saith that Coll Darnall & Mr. Richard Smith comeing to this
Deponts house on the 6th of this instant month would have had him to have printed the
within written blank Warrant to the Number of ffive hundred, to be done imediately out

[8]

The Nuthead Press • William and Uriah Nuthead

of hand, and that this Deponent did promiss to finish the same by Twelve of the Clock the
next day if in case this Depont had the assistance of a Joyner, which said Joyner did the
Wooden VVorke and was paid for the same in Money; afterwards the said Coll Darnall &
Mr. Richard Smith came again to this Deponts house and Required him to perform his
promiss, to which this Depont made Answer that the Press & Letters were none of his and
therefore could not complye therewith without Order, and that the said Coll Darnall & Mr.
Smith were pressing & Urgent for this Deponts printing the said Warrants, but this Depon-
ent did not print the same and further saith not. . . .

Whereupon it was Ordered by advice in Councill, that the Printer hereafter presume to
print noething but blank bills & Bonds, without leave from his Exncy or the further Order
of this Board."1

It is not perfectly clear what Nuthead meant by his disclaimer of owner-
ship of the "press and letters," unless it be that he intended to convey to
his importunate clients the idea that his equipment was theoretically the
property of the government as long as he continued to use it under a gov-
ernment license. Later it will be brought out that, unlike many of the colo-
nial pioneers of typography, he was the actual owner of his press, and that
at his death it passed as personal property into the possession of his widow.
The importance of his deposition, however, lies not in any question of the
ownership of the press, but in the testimony which it bears to the fact that
there was in Maryland in 1693 a printing press in such customary use that
demands might be made upon it for work "to be done immediately out of
hand," and that such service under normal circumstances might be ren-
dered.

In April of this year 1693, William Nuthead and two others were named
in a warrant which directed them to search the lodging room and closet of
Sir Thomas Lawrence for certain papers which they were ordered to seize,
seal in a bag and bring straightway to the Governor for perusal. In so far
as the record indicates, the issue involved had nothing to do with the story
of Nuthead's life as a printer; it is likely that he was named for this duty
simply because of a probable familiarity with the papers which the Gover-
nor wished to examine. Doubtless our printer man was thankful that he
was not the person designated to make the search of the baronet's pockets
which was ordered at the same time.2 In October of the year 1694, William
Nuthead was one of the signers of the petition addressed to the Governor
by the citizens of St. Mary's, protesting against the removal of the capital
from its ancient site to the settlement on the Severn which later was to be
known as Annapolis.3 In the act of the September session of 1694 for paying

1 Council Proceedings, October 14, 1693, Archives of Maryland, 20: 33 and 34.

2 Council Proceedings, April 8, 1693, Archives of Maryland, 8: 501.
JU. H. J., October 13, 1694, Archives of Maryland, 19: 75.

<^[ History of Printing in (Colonial ^h^ary land

the public charge of the Province, Nuthead, in seven separate payments,
was allowed, all told, six thousand eight hundred and twenty pounds of
tobacco.1 In this session also the Rev. Peregrine Coney had been desired by
the Council to have printed the fast-day sermon which he had preached on
September 26th.2 It is evident that not only did Nuthead, as the French
say, "exist," but as well that he occupied a position of some importance in
the life of the colony.

NUTHEAD'S DEATH AND THE INVENTORY OF HIS ESTATE
William Nuthead died in his forty-first year, a few months after he had
set his name to the St. Mary's "remonstrance." The exact date of his death
has not been discovered, but on the seventh of February 1694/95, Dinah
Nuthead appeared before the Prerogative Court, stated that her husband
had died intestate and requested that she be appointed administratrix of
his estate.3 One of her sureties in the bond of two hundred pounds sterling
which she was required to give was John Coode, the leader of the Protes-
tant Revolution, a personage whom we must regard, in spite of the evil
name which he left behind him, as one of the first patrons of the press in
Maryland.

The inventory of Nuthead's business and personal property, dated April
2, 1 695, makes sad reading.4 The value of his personalty was only six pounds
and nineteen shillings, a small amount even in that day of primitive living.
On his books, however, there stood accounts in the names of some sixty
persons who owed him various sums ranging from thirty pounds to three
thousand pounds of tobacco, so that the total amount due the estate was
nearly twenty-four thousand pounds of the current medium. 6Of the amount
named, about nine thousand pounds of tobacco was secured by bills and
bonds from ten persons who were then connected with the government, or
who a year or two earlier had been employed in some one of the several
capacities of county sheriff", member of Assembly, justice of a county court
or government clerk. In this inventory Nuthead was described as "of the
Citty of St. Maryes;" it was reserved for Dinah Nuthead, his widow, and
a competent woman of business, to transport the printing establishment to
the new center of provincial life on the Severn.

1 Acts, Sept.-Oct. 1694, Archives of 'Maryland, 38: 33.

1 Council Proceedings, September 27, 1 694, Archives of Mary land, 19:40. No copy of this sermon has been re-
corded. See bibliographical appendix.

8 Testamentary Proceeding}, 1692-94, 15: 171, ms. in Land Office, Annapolis.

* Inventories and Accounts, I3A: 263, ms. in Land Office, Annapolis.

'Tobacco at this time was worth about a penny a pound. Twenty-four thousand pounds of tobacco would have
been valued at one hundred pounds sterling. The rapid rise of prices in the last few years makes it difficult to cal-
culate the equivalent of this sum in modern money.

[10]

The Nuthead Press - William and 'Dinah Nuthead

There are several items in the Nuthead inventory which are of interest
in this narrative. If the "printed papers" which were discovered among his
effects had been listed in good bibliographical form, the activities of the
first Maryland printer doubtless would have been clearly outlined for us,
but having little idea that Nuthead's work in St. Mary's would ever be of
interest to posterity, the appraisers contented themselves with only the
briefest description of his office file. They were equally terse in recording
that they found "In the Printeing house a printing press, Letters & a par-
cell of old Lumber," and as cautious as they were terse when they set upon
this item the modest valuation of five pounds. An entry of somewhat pathet-
ic interest in this short and simple catalogue of a poor man's goods was
"one old sorrell horse hardly able to stand valued at ... 5 shillings." It is
not improbable that the beast had been brought to this pass through long
journeys undertaken by his owner in the hope of collecting those outstand-
ing debts.

The fact is significant that Nuthead had on his books at the time of his
death sixty or more accounts with individuals of his own county, and of
Kent, Cecil and Talbot, for there is no reason to believe that he was at any
time engaged in a trade other than that of printing for which these accounts
might have been opened; he had no tools, no merchandise, no farm stock;
the printing press was the only implement listed among his effects by means
of which he might have gained a livelihood, and the general employment
of his press in that pioneer country, as indicated by the number and geo-
graphical distribution of its patrons, is cause for astonishment. It may be
that an explanation of its apparent popularity is to be found in a petition
which Thomas Reading, the third Maryland printer, presented to the As-
sembly in the year 1706, in the course of which the petitioner prayed that

". . . whereas there hath been a former Ordinance of this House to Mr. W. Bladen and
others that had printing Presses in the Province obliging all Clerks, Commissarys, Sheriffs,
and other officers to make use of printed Blanks [that ordinance] may be renewed and set-
tled on your Petitioner."1

It is likely that Nuthead, in no less degree than his successors in Mary-
land, carried on a lively business in printing the legal and mercantile forms
in daily use in the Province. In this day he would be considered the veriest
"job printer," but such as he was, he deserves commemoration as having
been the pioneer of printing in Virginia and Maryland, the first individual
to practise the art of typography in any colony south of Massachusetts.

*L. H. J., April 8, 1706, Archives of Maryland, 26: 577. As Bladen and Reading began printing in Annapolis in
the year 1700, the phrase "others that had printing Presses in the Province" must refer either to William and

[II]

<zA History of Printing in Colonial <3xCary land

A NEW CHRONOLOGY OF AMERICAN PRINTING

If one might assume that the payment to Nutheadof five thousand five
hundred and fifty pounds of tobacco in October 1686 had been made for
services rendered by him throughout the previous twelve months, it would
be possible to set the year 1685 as marking the inaugural of printing in
Maryland, in which case the typographic beginnings of that province
would be coeval with those of Pennsylvania. Indeed it is likely that, find-
ing his press under the gubernatorial interdiction in Virginia in the year
1683, Nuthead had come immediately to Maryland, so that although the
first occurrence of his name in the records of Lord Baltimore's colony was
in the Act of 1686, yet it is possible that in the future there may be found
documents to show that his art had an even earlier origin there than the
year in which its initiator was first mentioned.

If the facts relating to the operations of the Nuthead press in Virginia
and Maryland be accepted at the value which has been attached to them
here, it appears at once that the received chronology of American printing
has suffered alteration. In that case the order in which presses were estab-
lished in the several English colonies would read, as to the first five of them,
as follows: Massachusetts, I638;1 Virginia, i682;2 Pennsylvania, i685;3
Maryland, 1 686 ;4 New York, 1693. 5

The order of priority as suggested in this chronology gives to Virginia
the position which Isaiah Thomas conceded to it in the appendix to his first
edition, and it claims for Maryland the place to which itseems to be en titled
by the testimony of its records.

DINAH NUTHEAD AND THE FIRST ANNAPOLIS PRESS
Dinah Nuthead, the widow of William, was a woman of admirable cour-
age. A few months after the death of her husband, she removed from St.
Mary's to Anne Arundel County, whither, some months before, the gov-
ernment had preceded her. It is nowhere expressly stated that she carried
with her the printing press which had come to her at William Nuthead's
death, but it seems unreasonable to believe otherwise in the light of certain
events which are now about to be related. Entirely without education, not

Dinah Nuthead, or to some other printers working in the Province before that year. There is not, however, the
slightest trace remaining of any other Maryland printers of this period except the Nutheads.

^oden, R. F., The Cambridge Printers, /6jS-/6^2. N. Y., 1905, p. n.

2 Ante. Thomas, ist cd., 2: 544; also Thomas 2d ed., i : 331 and 332.

3Hildeburn, C. S. R., A Century of Printing, The Issues of the Press in Pennsylvania, 1 685-1^84. 2 v. Phila.
1885.

* Ante. Even if the year 1689 with its printed "Address" be taken as Maryland's inaugural year, the relative
order of this list is not disturbed.

*Hildeburn, C. S. R., Sketches of Printers and Printing in Colonial New York. N. Y., 1895.

The Nuthead Press • William and 'Dinah Nuthead

well provided with money, she yet made plans to carry on a business in
which some knowledge of letters and a certain amount of capital is usually
regarded as indispensable. She was shrewd enough to realize, however, that
if she were successful in rinding a journeyman printer to conduct her es-
tablishment, the possession of that rare article, a printing press, would
surely provide a decent maintenance for herself and her two children. Boldly
she made the venture.

On May 5, 1 696, more than a year after her husband's death, "Dinah Nut-
head's Petition for License to Print was read and referred to the House that
if they have nothing to Object her Paper might be Granted provided she
give Security for the same."1 Eight days later her petition was read to the
delegates, and the House expressed its willingness that she should have
leave to print if his Excellency pleased.2 Evidently the Governor offered no
objection, for on the next day the persons described as "Dinah Nuthead of
Ann Arundell County Widow, Robert Carvile and William Taylard of St.
Maries County Gentn" gave bond to the Governor to the amount of one
hundred pounds lawful money of England for the good behavior of Dinah
f Nuthead in the operation of her press. The instrument continues as follows:

"Now the Condition of this Obligation is such that if the said Dinah Nuthead shall exer-
cise and Imploy her printing press and letters to noe other use than for the printing of blank
bills bonds writts warrants of Attorney Letters of Admrcon and other like blanks as above-
sd nor Suffer any other person to make use thereof any otherwise than aforesd Unless by
a particular Lycense from his Exncy the Governor first had and obtained And further shall
save harmless and indempnifye his sd Exncy the Governor from any Damage that may
hereafter Ensue by the said Dinah Nuthead misapplying or Suffering to be misapplyed the
aforesd Printing press or letters otherwise than to the true intent & meaning before ex-
pressed, Then this Obligation to be Voyd or else to Remain in full force and Virtue."3

This fearsome instrument for the protection of the Province against the
evils of indiscriminate printing was signed by certain witnesses, by the two
bondsmen and by the principal, who, as one observes, was compelled to
make her mark instead of signing her name to the document, a disability
under which she labored to the end of her days. Clearly Dinah Nuthead
herself could not have intended to act as the compositor in the establish-
ment which she had brought up from St. Mary's to the new seat of govern-
ment at Annapolis.

For how long a period Dinah operated her "press and letters" in Annap-
olis, it has been impossible to determine. No imprints bearing her name have
been recorded, but it is quite possible that in addition to the blank forms

*U. H. J., May 5, 1696, Archives of Maryland, 19: 306.

*L. H. J., May 13, 1696, Archives of Maryland, 19: 370.

'Council Proceedings, May 14, 1696, Archives of Maryland, 20: 449.

[13]

zA History of Printing in (Colonial -Maryland

which comprised a large part of the printing output of the day and place,
there issued from her press a sermon by the Reverend Peregrine Coney, a
clergyman whose discourses seem to have met with the approval of the dele-
gates on the several occasions of their delivery. It has been seen that dur-
ing the life of William Nuthead, this reverend gentleman had been requested
to have printed a fast-day sermon, delivered by him before the Assembly.
Again on May 13, 1695, in the interval between William's death and the
re-establishment of the press by Dinah, Mr. Coney was returned thanks by
the House for his fast-day sermon,1 but doubtless for the reason that there
was no press in operation in Maryland at that time, he was not asked to
have his discourse printed. One year later, however, three days after Dinah
had petitioned for leave to print, the Upper House ordered that "Mr. Couey
(sic) be desired to Print his Sermon preached yesterday,"2 an action which
was concurred in by the delegates on the following day. The discovery of a
copy of this sermon or of any other imprint from Dinah Nutheac's press
would be an event of importance in American typographical history, inas-
much as it would constitute the first known American imprint from a press
conducted by a woman.

No further references to Dinah Nuthead's activities are to be found in
the Assembly proceedings, a circumstance from which one must conclude
that the Nuthead press of Annapolis had ceased operations or even had
been removed from the Province. It may be that Dinah had employed her
press for other purposes than those described in the bond, with the result
that she had been prohibited its use; or it may be that, illiterate herself, she
had been unable to procure for the conduct of her establishment that rare
bird in the colonies, a journeyman printer, and in consequence had been
compelled to give over entirely her venture into a difficult and uncertain
business. The probability that it was just at this time, however, that she
married a second husband must not be overlooked in seeking for the cause
of her withdrawal from the business of printing.

The date of Dinah Nuthead's second marriage is uncertain, but some-
time before the month of December 1 700, she married one Manus Devoran
of Anne Arundel County, who dying in this month left his personalty to
his daughter Catherine, and to his children-in-law, that is his step-children,
William and Susan Nuthead.3 His wife and executrix submitted her account

1 L. H. J., May 13, 1695, Archives of Maryland, 19: 178, where date is incorrectly given as i8th.

1U. H. J., May 8, 1696, Archives of Maryland, 19: 313, 316 and 362. This sermon also is recorded in Ethan
Allen's Ms. List of Works by Maryland Clergymen, in the Maryland Diocesan Library, but Dr. Allen had seen no
copy.

3 Maryland Calendar of Wills, 2: 210.

[Hi

The Nuthead Press • William and 'Dinah Nuthead

under the name of Dinah Devoran.1 In later years Dinah married again.
Her third husband was "Sebastian Oley of Annarund'l County a German
born," as he was described in an act of naturalization of 1702.

In spite of the fact that this woman whom we knew first as Dinah Nut-
head was unable to sign her name, she seems to have made her way to a
position of respect in the community.WilliamTaylard, a man of some promi-
nence in the Province, had sufficient confidence in her character and ability
to act as bondsman for her behavior and later to accept the guardianship
of her children;2 but as even more striking evidence of her worth is to be
remembered the fact that in a day when women were few in public life, she
had been able to secure from the Governor and Assembly of Maryland per-
mission to operate a printing press in the service of the Province. As far as
is known she was the first woman in English America to conduct or to at-
tempt to conduct a printing establishment, the forerunner in this trade of
Anne Catharine Green, Sarah Updike, Clementina Rind and Mary God-
dard,who nearly a century later in Maryland and elsewhere carried on such
establishments with notable success. It is a matter for regret that no more
was heard of Dinah Nuthead's printing activities after the recording of her
bond for good behavior in the conduct of her press.

A SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE FOR A SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY
PRESS IN MARYLAND

In the foregoing pages of this chapter there has been set forth evidence,
in such amount as it has been possible to collect, with the object of demon-
strating the seventeenth-century origin of printing in Maryland. An exam-
ination shows that the following facts have been brought out by this evi-
dence; namely, that from 1686 to 1695 there lived in St. Mary's City, the
old capital of the Province, one William Nuthead, who was several times
designated as "Printer" in contemporary documents; that as early as 1686,
"William Nutthead, Printer," was in the pay of the government; that after
his death, a printing press and a font of letters were listed in the inventory
of this Nuthead's personalty; that in the colophon of an important Mary-
land political pamphlet, printed in London in 1689, William Nuthead of
St. Mary's was specifically named as its original printer; that there exists

1 Inventories and Accounts, 21: 190. March, 1701. Ms. in Land Office, Annapolis.

2 Deeds, Anne Arundel County, Liber W. T. No. 2, p. 684. Ms. in Court House, Annapolis. Indenture between
Dinah Oely (sic) of Anne Arundel County, Widow, and William Taylard, Gentleman, trustee of William Nut-
head, Susannah Nuthead and Sebastian Oely, children of the "sd Dinah Oely lately called Dinah Devoran."
Sebastian Oley, the elder, died in 1707 (Maryland Calendar of Wills, 3: 85), leaving in addition to his wife and
executrix, this son Sebastian and a daughter Margaret, who as she is not mentioned in the above indenture may
have been Oley's child by a former wife

[15]

iA History of Printing in

a printed broadside, attested officially as a true copy of an Address of the
Maryland Assembly, which, its colophon asserts, was printed in Maryland
during the period when William Nuthead was resident in its capital; that
a Maryland Council minute has been preserved which records a discussion
of the propriety of Nuthead's action in printing or promising to print cer-
tain warrants, and in which the future limits of his printing activity were
prescribed by the councillors; that in his deposition read before this body,
Nuthead confessed to having promised to print five hundred warrants by
noon of the day following the receipt of the order; and, finally, that after
his death in 1695, Nuthead's widow asked and received permission to op-
erate a printing press in the Province, presumably that press which a few
months before had been listed in her late husband's inventory. In view of
these facts, it seems permissible to affirm that the generally accepted chro-
nology of American printing should be corrected by placing the beginning
of Maryland typographical activity in the year 1686 when Nuthead first
was entered on the public pay roll rather than with the coming of William
Parks to Annapolis in 1726. That the forty years by which this change in
chronology extends the printing annals of Lord Baltimore's province were
not barren of interest for the student of American typographical history,
the pages which follow will make clear.

[16]

CHAPTER TWO

William ^Bladen, ^Publisher , and his 'Printer, Thomas Reading—

The ^Bray Sermon ofzAnnapolis, IJOO —

The ISody of Laws ofijoo

N SUCH of the northern colonies as had printing presses
available during the closing years of the seventeenth cen-
tury, there were printed with fair regularity the annual
session laws of the assemblies, and, occasionally, bodies
of compiled laws. Nothing of this sort, however, seems
even to have been contemplated in Maryland until the
year 1695, when, doubtless on the initiative of the new

•governor, Francis Nicholson, zealous always in intellectual and educational

matters, the Upper House proposed to the delegates,

"That when the house have compiled such a Body of Laws as they think may be the
Standing body of Laws of the Province that they then imploy Some able Lawyer in Eng-
land to digest them and put them into better Language, and So have them returned in
again for perusall and approbation of the whole Assembly & afterwards to Send them back
in Ordr to procure the Royall Assent to the Same and have them printed."1

At this time in the colony the only form in which the body of law existed
was in the several collections of manuscript session laws in the possession
of the counties and the government. The disadvantages to court and people
of this arrangement were perfectly understood by everyone, but for some
reason no action was taken by the Lower House on the remedial suggestion
proposed by the upper chamber, and again, in May 1697, their Honors re-
turned to the matter with a recommendation "That a former proposall about
haveing the lawes digested into better Language by some able Lawyer in
England be considered anew and is again recommended from the board."2
This time the Lower House took formal action by referring the matter to a
standing committee,3 but as nothing was heard of it afterwards, it may be
assumed that the committee buried the proposal deep beneath its accumu-
lation of business.

1 U. H. J., October 15, 1695, Archives of Maryland, 19:231.
2U. H. J., May 28, 1697, Archives of Maryland, 19: 511.
SU. H. J., May 31, 1697, Archives of Maryland, 19: 517.

[17]

<^A History of Printing in Colonial zJtCary land

MR. WILLIAM BLADEN PROPOSES TO ESTABLISH A PRESS

In the period intervening between the two recommendations, however,
William Bladen, then clerk of the Lower House, had made a proposal which
was to result eventually in the printing of the compiled laws, and in the
establishment of the typographic art upon a stable basis in the Province.
On October i, 1696, the burgesses made the following representation to the
Upper House:

"Upon proposall of William Bladen Clerk of this House that a printing press would be
of Great Advantage to this province for printing the Laws made every Sessions &c and
that he the said Bladen at his own proper cost and charges would send for such press with
the Appurtenances provided his Excellency the Governor would give him Leave to make
use of the same this House are of opinion that the same will be of Great advantage to this
Province & humbly desire his Excellency will be pleased to Give leave to the said Bladen
to make use thereof when arrived according to his proposal."1

Immediately the recommendation of the Lower House as expressed in
this message was approved, provided the petitioner should give "security
according to his Majesty's Royal Instructions to his Excellency."2

From the phrasing of Bladen's proposal to the Assembly one acquires the
impression that he intended tosend outside of the Province for his printing
equipment, a necessity which would have existed only if Dinah Nuthead
had sold her press, or if it had become too old and worn for use. Whatever
the case may have been with regard to Dinah's equipment, however, the
sense of Bladen's words makes it manifest that her printing office had closed
its doors within five months of its establishment. Lacking the opportunity
to purchase her plant for any reason, almost certainly Bladen would have
been forced to send to England for his press and letters, and even there, he
would have experienced difficulty in procuring decent fonts of type. The
event will show that from whatever source he obtained his plant, he was
compelled in the end to satisfy himself with a second-hand equipment where-
of the types and furniture were notably worn and broken.

At the time of his proposal to the Assembly, William Bladen was a youth
of three and twenty years of age, but he was then the same industrious and
versatile man that he continued to be throughout his life in the Province.
Born in 1673 °f a well-known Yorkshire family, he came to Maryland some-

'U. H. J., October 2, 1696, Archives of Maryland, 19: 466.

1 These instructions to Nicholson, dated March 8, 1694 (Archives of Maryland, 23: 549), were composed in the
usual terms in which instructions regarding printing were transmitted to colonial governors at this time. See ante,
instructions to Lord Howard of Effingham in 1690, and Copley's instructions of August 26, 1691 (Archives of
Maryland, 8: 279): "And forasmuch as great inconveniences may arise by the Liberty of Printing within our
Province of Maryland, you are to provide by all necessary Orders that no person use any Press for printing upon
any occasion whatsoever, without your speciall License first obtained."

[18]

William Bladen Publisher and his Printer Thomas Reading

time before 1692, in which year he was employed by the Lower House in
making a transcript of the laws and in other clerical work of the session. In
the year 1 694 he signed the remonstrance of the citizens of St. Mary's against
the removal of the capital. He assumed prominence in public affairs in 1695
as Clerk of the Lower House, a position which he held until he became Clerk
of the Upper House in 1697, in which capacity he served the Province until
four years before his death in 1718. He was Collector of the Port and Dis-
trict of Annapolis in 1697, Clerk of the Prerogative Court in 1699, Secre-
tary of Maryland in 1701, Attorney-General of Maryland in 1707, Architect
of the State House, 1704 to 1708, and Commissary-General of the Province
in 1714. He held office also as an alderman of Annapolis in 1708, and sev-
eral times served as vestryman of St. Anne's Parish. In the year 1696, he
married Anne, daughter of Garrett Van Swearingen, by whom he had two
children. One of these was Anne, who married the Hon. Benjamin Tasker
of Annapolis, and the other was that Thomas Bladen who lived promi-
nently not only in Maryland, of which he was Governor from 1742 to 1747,
but as well in England, where at a later period he sat in the House of Com-
• mons as member for the Borough of Old Sarum.1

It was characteristic of Bladen's enterprise that he should have perceived
the advantage both to himself and to the Province in the importation of a
press which should be capable of larger undertakings than those which form-
erly had been entrusted to the Nutheads. From the beginning he proposed
to perform ambitious tasks, although in the first notice that we have of the
press after its establishment in the colony, the character of the work sug-
gested for it differed in no particular from that which Dinah Nuthead had
been licensed to undertake four years earlier. It should be understood that
Bladen was not a printer; he was the entrepreneur only, and he brought
in with his press a practical printer, who was without doubt that Thomas
Reading of whom we shall hear a great deal as this relation proceeds. An
entry in the copy of the Lower House Journal which was transmitted to
the Board of Trade, omitted in the Maryland original, informs us that on
September 30, 1696, it was resolved that if Mr. Bladen were successful in
obtaining a printer and a press, he should have the sole benefit of their
operations, and the Council was asked to concur in that resolution for the
encouragement of his designs.2 During the first years of the venture,
although the name of Thomas Reading appeared alone on the imprints,

1 "The Bladen Family," by Christopher Johnston, Maryland Historical Magazine, 5: 297; Arc hives of Maryland,
passim; Vestry Proceedings, St. Anne's Parish, in Maryland Historical Magazine, vols. 6-10; article "Maryland
Gleanings; Sidelights on Maryland History," by Hester Dorsey Richardson, in the Baltimore Sun, May 29, 1904.

2 Cal. State Papers, A. fcf W. I., 1696, No. 268, p. 155.

[19]

THE

NECESSITY

OF AN EARLY

REL IG IQN

j/"- fy B E I N O A Sj^.

SERMON

Preach'd the $th. of May Before The

HONOURABLE

ASSEMBLY OF

MARYLAND

By r H 0 MAS BRAT D. D.

ANNAPOLIS Printed By Order of the
ASSEMBLY By Tho: Readivg, For Evan Jones Book
feller, Anno Domini 1700.

PLATE II. Seepage xiii.

William ^Bladen Publisher and his Printer 'Thomas Reading

Bladen accepted the responsibility of the press, and also, doubtless, what-
ever profits accrued to its operation above a salary or royalty paid to the
printer. Exactly what were the relations, however, between Bladen and
Reading is not known, but whatever may have been the arrangement under
which they worked, it seems to have been altered as early as the year 1704,
for then and afterwards Reading was spoken of as public printer and Bladen
was mentioned no longer in connection with the business of the establish-
ent. It will be seen later, that although in partnership and alone Reading
sed for thirteen years the press which Bladen had set up in Annapolis, yet
the ownership of it remained with Bladen throughout the entire period.

It was nearly four years after Bladen had been given permission to bring
in a printing press that, in the month of May 1700, he announced himself
to the Assembly as ready for business. On May 4th, the Council sent down
to the Lower House the following recommendation:

"The peticon of Wm. Bladen haveing been here read and considered this Board findeing
that the Petr has been at great charge and trouble in procureing the Press, Letters, Papers,
Ink and Printer Etc. wee doe recommend the same to the house for their consideration and
encouragement and that for Promotion thereof an Ordinance pass that after the loth day
,of September next noe other writts be made use of but such as shalbe printed (Save only
Speciall Writts wherein are varyous recitalls) and All Bayle bonds, Letters Testamenry,
Letters of Admistracon Citacons summonses &ca be printed and none other made use of
they being allways to be had vizt

The Writts Citations and Summons's at one penny or one li Tobo per peece
And the Lres Testamenry Admon Bayle bonds &ca at Two pence or two pounds of
tobbo per peece."1

This recommendation of the Council was assented to by the House, and
it was

". . . ordered accordingly provided the Petr give sufficient Caution to his Excy not to
printe any other matter or thing but what Shalbe first lycensed by his Excy the Govr or
some other p'son that shalbe by him appointed."2

BRAY'S "NECESSITY OF AN EARLY RELIGION" ANNAPOLIS, 1700

That it was not the intention of the Assembly to permit the usefulness
of Bladen's press to be limited to such humble service as the printing of
blank forms and legal papers appears from further reference to it during
the remaining days of the session. On May 5th, the Rev. Thomas Bray,
D.D., the Bishop of London's commissary for Maryland, preached before
the Assembly a sermon which so pleased the delegates that a few days later
it was ordered intheHouse"that Doctor Bray be returned thanks from this

*L. H. J., May 6, 1700, Archives of Maryland, 24: 60.
2L. H. J., May 6, 1700, Archives of Maryland, 24: 60.

[21]

aA History of Printing in £olonial<^ftCaryland

house for his exct Sermon of that text Remember thy Creator in the days
of thy Youth and Acquainte him that this house desires the same may be
printed."1 In the possession of the Maryland Historical Society there is
preserved an unique copy of a publication which, as far as has been recorded,
is the earliest Maryland imprint of which a copy remains in America. Its
title-page reads as follows:

A photographic reproduction of the title-page of this first recorded issue
of the Bladen-Reading press is shown on page 20. The evidence which it
presents of the general inferiority of the press which Bladen had set up
with great pains and expense is supplemented by the occurrence through-
out the text of broken letters, and of repeated indications of the employ-
ment of worn and irregular chases. These defects in equipment and a most
notable carelessness in proof reading characterize so much of the work of
this press as to constitute an aid in the identification of its issues.

THE FIRST EDITION OF THE MARYLAND LAWS,
ANNAPOLIS, 1700

Although the Bray sermon is the first specimen of the Bladen-Reading
press of which a copy remains, it is probable that it was not the first im-
portant issue of the new establishment, for in this same session of 1700, two
days before the delegates had taken action in regard to Dr. Bray's dis-
course, when the bill for religion had been read the third time and assented
to, it was "Resolved that the same Act be forthwith printed and that one
of them be ordered for every parish in the pvince."3 In the absence of a
copy of this act bearing the Annapolis imprint it is impossible to assert
that the resolution of the House was complied with, but the fact that the
delegates had begun immediately to requisition the services of the new press
indicates that they appreciated fully its value in the conduct of public bus-
iness.

Two days after theprinting of theActof Establishmenthad been ordered
Bladen proposed a publication transcending it in interest when he sug-
gested to the delegates:

"That if the house are desirous the body of Laws should be printed soe that every person

1 L. H. J., May 9, 1700, Archives of Maryland, 24: 82.

* On the verso of the title-page occurs substantially the same order of Assembly as that which has been quoted,
signed "Tho: Smithson Speaker."

3L. H. J., May 7, 1700, Archives of Maryland, 24: 67.

William ^Bladen Publisher and his Printer Thomas Reading

might easily have them in their houses without being troubled to goe to the County Court
house to have recourse thereto — That the house made (sic) an Order for the printeing thereof
and that every County be Obliged to take one faire Coppy endorsed and Titled to be bound up
handsomly and that for the encouragement of the undertaker each County pay him therefore
2000 Ibs of Tobo upon delivery the said booke of Laws."1

In the same document Bladen proposed to build a prison for the Prov-
ince, and in conclusion added piously, "All which will be readily undertaken
and with the blessing of God Carefully accomplished by yor most humble
Servant to command W. Bladen." Planter, clerk, architect and publisher —
this W. Bladen was a valuable citizen in a community such as Maryland
was at this time.

Bladen's proposal to print the body of laws was timely. In the year 1699
the Assembly had passed an "Act Ascertaining the Laws of this Province,"
by the terms of which were repealed all laws which had been made there-
tofore except those of that session, and selected ones of other sessions men-
tioned in an annexed schedule. This Act had been disallowed by the King
for specific reasons, and because in general the advisers of his Majesty had
disapproved of legislation whereby, as it was explained later, "the vallidity
of all the Laws of the Province, are . . . made to depend upon this one Single
act, whereas Each of them ought to have been Enacted Separately."2 Ac-
cordingly, in the following year, the Assembly changed a specifically named
law in the schedule to which his Majesty had objected, that is, the Act for
Religion, but in framing a new ascertaining act, disregarded the general
ground of his veto, and proceeded on May 9, 1700, to pass an "Act for Re-
pealing certaine Laws in this Province and Confirmeing others,"3 a piece
of legislation which differed only in small details from its predecessor of
1699, to which, as a matter of legislative method, his Majesty had taken
exception. It was on the day that this law was sent to the Governor for sig-
nature that Bladen had proposed to the House that he be given permission
to print the body of law of the Province, and the delegates believing that
body of law to have been determined finally by their recent enactment,
granted his petition and ordered that

"Mr. Bladen according to his proposall have liberty to printe the body of the Law of
this Province if so his Excy shall seem meet And it is likewise unanimously resolved by this
house that upon Mr. Bladen's delivery of one Printed body of the said Laws to each re-
spective County Court within this province for his encouragement Shall have allowd him
Two Thousand pounds of tobo in each respective County as aforesaid."4

1 L. H. J., May 9, 1700, Archives of Maryland, 24: 83.
2L. H. J., April 27, 1704, Archives of Maryland, 24: 371.

3L. H. J., May 9, 1700, also "Acts" of 1700, Archives of Maryland, 24: 78 and 104.

4L. H. J., May 9, 1700, Archives of Maryland, 24: 84, where the phrase "his encouragement" reads "this en-
couragement."

iA History of Printing in Colonia

The project was now carried out with diligence. The book was set, printed
and distributed among the counties within one year following its authori-
zation, for in May 1 701, we find a reference to it which leaves us in no doubt
as to these facts and as to certain of its features. On May lyth Bladen was
summoned to the Lower House and told by the Speaker "of the many Erata's
Comitted in printing the body of Laws." Whereupon, the record continues,

"it was required by the house tht he cause the Erata's to be fourthwith printed and sent
into the severall Countys. To which he readyly concurred and promised to gett the same
forthwith printed and sent out . . ,MI

THE UNIQUE COPY OF THE "LAWS" OF 1700 IN THE
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

There has been preserved in the Library of Congress a volume which the
bibliographers of that institution have identified as the collection of laws
which has been described here as having been printed on the Bladen-Read-
ing press of Annapolis in the year 1700. Unfortunately the title-page of this
unique copy has disappeared, so that one is compelled to turn to the evi-
dence of circumstance to verify the attribution. Briefly summarizing the
preceding pages, the circumstances related in them are found to be these:

In the year 1700 William Bladen established a press and a printer in An-
napolis for the purpose of printing laws and other governmental matters.

In the session of May 1700, in answer to his petition,William Bladen was
given permission by the Assembly to print a body of Maryland laws.

In the session of May 1701 William Bladen was ordered by the Assem-
bly to have printed and distributed throughout the counties a list of errata
committed "in printing the body of laws."

Keeping these facts in mind one takes up a volume of Maryland laws in
the Library of Congress and finds that it contains a dedication "to my Hon-
oured and Ingenious Friend Mr. William Bladen at the [Port] of Annap-
olis," and this personage is complimented by the unknown editor for his
cleverness in having devised so excellent a scheme for the benefit of the
Province and of himself as the printing and publication of a body of laws
at a price sufficiently cheap to enable all persons to purchase a copy of the
volume containing it;2 and further that the laws which make up the collec-
tion comprise the body of Maryland laws confirmed by the Assembly on
the same day that Bladen was given permission to print the laws of the
Province, together with the additional laws passed in that session; and fi-

*L. H. J., May 17, 1701, Archives of Maryland, 24: 198.

2 Archives of Maryland, 38: 427, gives as much of the "Dedication" as remains decipherable in the Library of
Congress copy.

[24]

William ^Bladen Publisher and his Printer Thomas Reading

nally that a comparison of the typographical features of this volume with
those of certain other known issues of the Annapolis press brings out an
identity in the type faces and a similarity in style, chiefly in faults of press-
work and imposition, which indicate with some degree of certainty that the
same printer, working with the same poor press and appurtenances was re-
sponsible for all of them.1

So skittish a jade is Fame that this important collection of Maryland
laws, having served its three or four years of usefulness, passed into such
a degree of oblivion that in Bacon's day, sixty odd years after its publica-
tion, the very memory of it had been lost. In the enumeration of collections
of Maryland laws which occurs in the Preface to Bacon's Laws of Mary-
land^ this edition of the year 1700 is not mentioned, and a later collection
of 1707 is referred to by the learned compiler as the first printed edition of
the laws of the Province.2 For once, however, Bacon is found nodding at his
task; the edition of 1700, as will now be shown, was well known in the ear-
lier decades of the century.3

In the year 1 704 there was published in London An Abridgement of the Laws
in Force and Use in Her Majesty's Plantations^ a work which has for us in this
connection a definite bibliographical interest, for in its section devoted to
Maryland the abridgements of the various laws of that province are accom-
panied by references to an unnamed collection of Maryland laws whereof
the page numbers are identical with those of the Library of Congress volume
which has been described.

The work was known and used also by Nicholas Trott in the compila-
tion of his "Laws of the Plantations," London ijii,6 for in calling atten-
tion to the connection here noticed between the "Abridgement" of 1704 and

1 A description of the Library of Congress volume is given in the bibliographical appendix attached to this nar-
rative, under the year 1700. It should be said that in affirming a positive result to a typographical comparison
of this volume with other issues of Reading's press, the author is giving his own opinion only. He has not been
able to bring the various examples of this press together for the examination of an expert. It is to be hoped that
the Library of Congress authorities will some day replace the preservative paper with which the leaves of the
volume are covered by the material now used in that institution for preservative purposes. A more satisfactory
examination will then be possible.

2 Laws of Maryland at Large, by Thomas Bacon. Annapolis, 1765.

3 A single reference has been found in the Assembly journal which seems to point to the use by the House and
other departments of the government of this edition of compiled laws of 1700. At the session of September 18,
1704, "Mr. John Taylor orderd to goe up to some of the offices for a printed body of laws. He returns and says
that there is none perfect but what belongs to the County Court office and that Mr. Bordley the Clk refused to
send it." (Whereupon Mr. Bordley was brought to the bar of the House and promptly adjudged guilty of con-
tempt. He made his submission and it was) "Ordered he bring downe the body of law belonging to the County.
Which he did and delivered it to Mr. Speaker and upon his Submission he was discharged." (.Archives of Mary-
land, 16: 156).

4 Title and description given in bibliographical appendix under year 1704.

5 Title and description given in bibliographical appendix under year 1721.

*A History of Printing in Colonial '^Maryland

an earlier edition of Maryland laws, that ingenious codifier makes the fol-
lowing assertion: "As to the Laws of Maryland," wrote Mr. Trott,

"I have by me three editions in print: The first was that edition out of which that
Abridgement of the Laws of Maryland was made which is in the Abridgement of the Laws
of the Plantations, printed at London in 1704."

That Mr. Justice Trott was speaking literally "by the book" is rendered
certain when one discovers that his own references by act and page to this
work, which he described as the first edition of the Laws of Maryland,
likewise correspond to the pages of the volume in the Library of Congress,
designated here theBladen-Reading collection of Maryland laws, published
at Annapolis, by authority, in the year 1700.

WILLIAM BLADEN RETIRES FROM THE PUBLISHING BUSINESS

A brief remark will be permitted as to the amount of the subsidy which
Bladen received from the Province for his publication of the laws. If the
terms of the House resolution were complied with as intended, he was paid
twenty-two thousand pounds of tobacco by the eleven counties, a sum
which, rating tobacco at a penny a pound, would have been the equivalent
of about ninety-one pounds sterling. In an address of the Assembly to the
Governor in the year lyoi,1 it was stated that with one year and another,
the average wage of the laboring man in the Province was two thousand
pounds of tobacco, so that when one adds to the amount of Bladen's sub-
sidy for the work the money which he must have received from its sale to
individuals, it seems at first thought that his proprietorship of the press
must have been a profitable undertaking in comparison with current wages
and salaries, but when the expense of its establishment, the cost of paper
and the wages or shares which he paid Reading are deducted, one feels that
his enterprise must have turned out after all to be more for the public bene-
fit than for his own profit.

It is probable that Bladen himself reasoned the case in this fashion, for
we hear no more of him as a publisher after that day in May, 1701, when
he agreed to have printed and sent out a list of the typographical errors
committed in the body of laws of 1700. The printing activities of our pio-
neer American publisher seem to have ceased entirely with almost his earli-
est venture, and it is to his journeyman or partner, Thomas Reading, that
we turn now in the continuance of our study of the press in Maryland.

JU. H. J., March 24, 1701/1702. Archives of Maryland, 24: 227. It is very difficult at this time to render these
sums into modern equivalents. The cash equivalent of Bladen's payment would probably be represented by a
sum at least five times as large as it was in the year 1700.

[26]

CHAPTER THREE

'Thomas Reading, 'Public 'Printer— The Keith Sermon, Annapolis,
f?OJ— The Collected Laws ofifof—The 'Begin-
nings of the ^Annual Session Laws

URING the years which followed the publication of that
collection of laws which has been described in the fore-
going chapter of this narrative as the Bladen-Reading
edition of 1 700, it is probable that the presswhichThomas
Reading was operating at Annapolis continued, whether
with or without Bladen's participation is not known, to
take care of the public business of the Province, and oc-
casionally even to issue a pamphlet of a political or religious character. Only
one Annapolis imprint, however, has been recorded between the years 1700
and 1704. The title of this work was The Power of the Gospel, in the Conver-
sion of Sinners. In a sermon preached at Annapolis, in Maryland, By George
Keith . . . July the 4th. Its imprint read, "Printed and are to be sold by
Thomas Reading, at the Sign of the George. Anno Domini MDCCIII."

The place of publication of this sermon is not given in the imprint, but
there remains evidence of a conclusive and interesting character to testify
to its Annapolis origin. In Keith's Journal,1 under the date of July 4, 1703,
the preacher himself writes these words:

"I preached at Annapolis, on I. Thess. i. 5. and had a large Auditory well affected; my
Sermon at the request of a worthy Person who heard it, was printed at Annapolis, mostly
at his Charge; and Copies of it sent by him, to many parts of the Country. It is Bound up
with other Printed Sermons and Tracts, in the Book abovementioned, which I presented
to the Honourable Society, soon after my arrival into England."

The author of these words and of the sermon which they refer to was
that George Keith who has been remembered as a factious participant in
the religious controversies of the colonies at this period. Formerly a Quaker
schoolmaster of Philadelphia, at this time a clergyman of the Church of
England, he had been the instigator and center, a decade before, of a con-

1 Keith, George, A Journal of Travels from New-Hampshire to Carat uck, on the Continent of North America.
London, 1706; p. 66. See p. 39 in reprint in Collections of Protestant Episcopal Historical Society, New York,
1851.

tA History of Printing in Colonial <Mary land

troversy which well-nigh had shattered the foundation of the Pennsylvania
hierarchy. Since that time he had kept the various colonial presses hot with
the issue of his pamphlets. Because of his advocacy of Keith, William Brad-
ford, the first Philadelphia printer, had been compelled to remove his press
to New York, where he had continued occasionally to issue pamphlets by
or in support of his former friend. In controverting Keith's attacks on the
Puritans, Cotton Mather and others had made free use of the presses of the
New England colonies. The Maryland press alone had not been called upon
either by Keith or by his enemies, but at this time, having secured ordina-
tion in England and returned hitherwith John Talbot as the representative
of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, it befell
that he became a patron of the only press in the colonies hitherto not req-
uisitioned in the service of his controversial zeal.

THOMAS READING BECOMES PUBLIC PRINTER AND TAKES A WIFE

In the year 1704 we come again into touch with Thomas Reading in the
pages of the Provincial records. In the September session of that year, it
was moved in the Lower House that Reading print the Governor's speech,
delivered at the opening of the session, and in response, it was

". . . resolved he be lycensd so to doe likewise proposd that he may be constituted pub-
liq printer to print all laws and other publiq matters Which being debated this house Re-
solves he be constituted printer first Giving bond with Securety to behave himselfe in that
Office."1

The next recorded action by Reading is his marriage on December n,
1705, to the "Widdow Gittins."2 Evidently the journeyman printer whom
Bladen had brought to the Province was sufficiently well satisfied with his
prospects there to wish to settle himself comfortably in its capital.

THE BODY OF LAWS OF ANNAPOLIS, 1707

In April of the year 1 706, there was read in the Lower House "The humble
Petition of Thomas Reading constituted Printer of the Province of Mary-
land," in which that personage prayed that their Honors would

". . . order the Laws of this Province to be printed and this House would give him
Encouragement for the speedy finishing the same; and That your Honours would please to
settle some Annual Salary for his Support and Encouragement for which he will be obliged

. ]., September 12, 1704, Archives of Maryland, 26: 129. In this same session (cf. U. H. J., September 25
and October a, 1 704) the sermons preached at the opening of the new St. Anne's church, in the morning and after-
noon respectively, by the Rev. Messrs. Wooten and Cockshute, were ordered printed, both Houses concurring.
No copies of these sermons have been recorded. See bibliographical appendix.

2 "Births, Marriages and Deaths" in "Parish Register," St. Anne's Parish, Anne Arundel County. Copy in the
Maryland Historical Society.

[28]

Thomas Reading and the Issues of his Press

to print all publick Matters as Speeches, Answers, Votes & Proclamations &c as your Hon-
ours please to direct.

And further whereas there hath been a former Ordinance of this House to Mr. W.
Bladen and others that had printing Presses in the Province obliging all Clerks, Commis-
sarys, Sheriffs, and other Officers to make use of printed Blanks [that ordinance] may be
renewed and settled on your Petitioner.

And that there is a small House upon Wapping Wharf built by the Public, but at pres-
ent of no use, therefore prays that the same be gran ted him . . ."x

A discussion took place on the reading of this petition from the printer
as to "what encouragement might be sufficient to give him for his expedi-
tious Printing the Body of the Laws of this Province," and it was deter-
mined finally to allow the petitioner twenty shillings a copy from each county
for the proposed body of laws, and to give him permission to offer copies
for sale at a rate not to exceed twelve shillings each. Furthermore, he was
to be allowed "for what other Acts shall be passed in any future Assemblys
. . . the same in Proportion to the present Body of the Laws."2 Reading
agreed to these terms at the time, but a few days later he returned and
asked a more generous allowance for the body of laws, receiving in response
•to his appeal an additional ten shillings from each county and from the
"country."3 The delegates also proposed to him an annual rental of twelve
pence, payable each Lady Day, for the unused house on Wapping Wharf,
and made a further agreement with him whereby he was to copy the body
of laws for the press for the sum of two thousand pounds of tobacco.4

The necessity for a new edition of the laws had arisen at this time because
in the year 1703 Queen Anne had ordered that "all Laws now in force be
revised and considered" for the reason that the entire Provincial code de-
pended upon the single "ascertaining act" of the year 1 6^g.& At various times
since the confirming act of 1700 the Province had felt some uneasiness as to
the validity of its statutes, and in the year 1701 the Governor had asked
committees of the two Houses to meet together for the purpose of consid-
ering the question of revision. The conferees had gone carefully into the
history of the existing body, and after consideration had declared that it
would be "soone enugh to alter the present Estabmt when his Matys dis-

1 L. H. J., April 8, 1706, Archives of Maryland, 26: 576-577.

2L. H. J., April 8, 1706, Archives of Maryland, 26: 577.

8L. H. J., April 17, 1706, Archives of Maryland, 26: 605. See also p. 585, where Mr. Thomas Bordley was
named "to examine & correct the Press in Printing the Laws," and allowed 3,000 Ibs. of tobacco for the service.

4 L. H. J., April 8, 1706, Archives of Maryland, 26: 577.

6L. H. J., April 27, 1704, Archives of Maryland, 24: 371. The instructions of the Board of Trade appended to
this entry refer to the ascertaining act of 1699, but L. H. J., May 9, 1701, shows clearly that the Province was
using the code adopted by the confirming act of May 1700. In all essentials the two were the same, save for the
difference remarked on in the preceding chapter.

*A History of Printing in Colonial <3&aryland

like is knowne and not before."1 Three years passed after this event, during
which the Province was administered under the code of 1700, but in the
year 1704 the royal mandate arrived and in September the Assembly was
called for the purpose of revising and reenacting the entire body of law, a
task which it straightway accomplished to the royal satisfaction.

Nearly two years passed after the revision had been completed before
Reading proposed, as has been related, that he be allowed to print the re-
vised statutes, and his proposals having been accepted, another year came
and went before he began to carry them out. In the March session of 1707
he appeared in the House and in response to the demand of the delegates
as to why the body of laws had not been printed in accordance with his
con tract, he declared that he "was and is always ready to do the same when
this House will advise what Laws shall be in the Body and so withdrew."1
Whereupon it was resolved, "That all the publick Laws and Reviving Acts
be printed at large and all Persons who have Interest in any private Laws
be at the Charge of printing them otherwise the Title of such private Acts
is sufficient to be printed."3 The book as planned on this occasion, contain-
ing the entire existing body of Maryland laws, was set and printed imme- '
diately, and that it appeared in this same year, we have the word of Mr.
Justice Trott, who as will be seen, made use of it in his compilation of the
"Laws of the Plantations."

It is the collection which has been described in the foregoing paragraphs
that Bacon referred to incorrectly in his Preface as the first printed Mary-
land collection of laws. "The first edition," he wrote, "contains the Laws
from 1704 to 1707, both inclusive, to which are added several Acts of As-
sembly formerly made, declared to be in force, . . . The Copy in my Posses-
sion (the Only One I have ever seen) has lost its Title Page, so that I cannot
ascertain when or where it was Printed." We are indebted again to Mr.
Justice Trott, who it will be remembered, wrote more than forty years be-
fore Bacon published his work, for a more definite reference to this collec-
tion of the Maryland laws. "So the Laws of Maryland being again enacted,"
he wrote in the Preface to his own compilation, "were collected into one
volume, under the Title of All the Laws of Maryland now in force: And by
order of the General Assembly were printed at Annapolis in Maryland in
the year ijoj."4 This reference is particularly happy in that Mr. Trott has

1 L. H, J., May 9, 1701, Archives of Maryland, 24: 163.
2L. H. J., April 14, 1707, Archives of Maryland, 27: 125.
3L. H. J., April 14, 1707, Archives of Maryland, 27: 125.

4Trott, N., Laws of the British Plantations. London, 1721. The collection of Maryland laws here described is
not recorded in Evans or in Sabin, nor does it appear in Lee, J. W. M., Hand-list of Maryland Laws. Baltimore,

[30]

Thomas Reading and the Issues of his Press

given us what seems to be a transcript of the title-page of a volume which
he asserted that he had by him at the time of writing.

As in the case of the body of Maryland law printed by Reading in the
i year 1700, there remains, as far as is known, only one copy of this edition
which he printed in 1707. This copy, as did also that which Bacon had in
his possession, lacks its title-page,1 but its contents and a note by the printer
at the foot of its last page of text enable one to establish its identity with
the work described in the foregoing paragraphs and given by Trott the title
and imprint of All the Laws of Maryland Now inForce, Annapolis, 1707. The
volume contains, under separate session headings, the acts of the session
of April 1704, the revised body of September 1704, and the acts of Decem-
ber 1704, May 1705, April 1706 and March 1707, as well as "Several Acts
of Assembly formerly made declared to be in force." In this feature it an-
swers the description given by Bacon and Trott, and the following note,
on page 1 13 of the compilation, completes the information necessary to its
identification as an Annapolis imprint of Thomas Reading:

"The Reader is hereby desired to take Notice that in the Assembly made Auno (sic)
'1706 the Pages are Folio'd 123 &c. by reason the Laws made that Sessions were ordered
to be first Printed so that they could not be truly ascertained, and instead thereof add 80
8 1 82 &c. otherwise the Index will be false.

These are to give Notice to all Gentlemen &c. that are any ways interested in private
Acts of Assembly, that they may have them printed at Inrge (sic, for 'large') : And may
likewise be furnished with blank Bills, Bonds, Writts Bills of Exchange, Bills of Lading,
I Administration Bonds, Testamentary Bonds, Letters of Administration, Letters Testa-
mentary, Warrants for Appraisers &c. with any other Matters printed at reasonable Rates
by Thomas Reading living in the Town and Port of Annapolis."

In spite of the absence of a title-page, there seems no reason, biblio-
j graphical or historical, why the copy of laws which has been referred to

I 1878, although the title has been added in Mr. Lee's handwriting to the manuscript of his work preserved in the
I Maryland Historical Society. Mr. Lee had not seen a copy, however, nor any record of one beyond that con-
i| tained in Trott's preface.

1 The copy of All the Laws of Maryland Now in Force, referred to in these pages, is believed to be unique. It
belonged originally to Robert Goldsborough, Esq. of "Ashby," Talbot County, a practising attorney and a mem-
ber of the Lower House at the time of its publication, whose notes are preserved on the margins. It has remained
I in the possession of his descendants ever since, and has now been deposited for safe keeping in the Peabody
Library of Baltimore. As long ago as 1765 Bacon spoke of the copy in his possession as being the only one he had
met with, and since his reference to it no one has recorded having seen a copy of this edition. About ten years ago
a descendant of Robert Goldsborough showed the "Ashby" copy to certain students of Maryland history, but
I no note was made of its contents, nor of its ownership, so that it had disappeared entirely from general knowledge
I when it was offered to the author for examination and description. During the years that he was employed on
I the period of Maryland legislation covered by this collection, Bacon was living at Dover in Talbot County not
I many miles from "Ashby" where, it is likely, he was a frequent visitor. It is not improbable that the "Ashby"
I copy, which "has lost its title-page" also, was that which he refers to as being in his possession and the only copy
I known to him, but if this be true it is difficult to understand his ignorance of its place of publication, a fact which
[ he might easily have learned from the printer's note at the foot of page 1 13, present in the "Ashby" copy.

[31]

tnd hindrtneetH« the party which procarcJ «e1}ia >
naopciraacc oftbe taidWitnefs or Wirne l«s rhefa'm fevatji *»u at to bctoc
irry fa grieved again t the o reader 01- o fendtriby All >n o*"D.iSc 'iill Ptsiacor afermu:
^jjny ot rheir Msjeftys Courts of IccorJ m tins ftoviace, wkereia no EJoya Ptotedjo.i
ii^cr af La* co be allowed.

X» /<f7 for the OatLnoiiig tf Rkhatd Clark of Arm- Arunde! County.

WHEREAS i Jappears to tbis General Affemblv upon Oath chat diet* haiheen a
tyerf Wicked and TrealonaWe Confpiracy began & carry 'd on by ft/ei<W Cttff oF
Jlm-Ariin4ti County and his Aocernpjices, to fejze upoo the Magazine, »nd his Exceilcn y
the Gavernour, aaJ overturn her MajeUys GovcMment and to bring iKtHeacben lodiajx1; to-
gether with the Confpirrors to cut offend exrif pate h« inhabitants of this Pravioce ; and for.
jtfmuch as the Paid C/ar/t flics Irojn Juftice and dares nor venture himfelfupon a &r Tryil.

B« it therefore Enacted by die Queens mart Excellsnc Majeftyby and wrth rfce Advice and'
Confeat of her Majcfiys Governour Council a"nd Aflcmbfy of this Province a id theihirthority
of the feme, that un'efs the feid KicbarJ Clark do within t\venty Days after the End of (his pf«
feat ScfEon of A Icmdjy farrender himfelf to his Excellency tlie Govsrnour, or to any on e o/
her Mzjertys honourable Coancll in order to be try ed for hisTreafon afo?efeid, thattbenth«
faid Riclwtt Clark by Force and Vertus of this Aft ftall be Outlawed, andthaJi forfeit his
Conds and Chattels Lands and Tenements as an Outlawed Psrfoa, aa/ waot of Pioceft er a-
ry other legal Ptoceodiiigs in any wife aetwi

f / if / s.

hereby JefireJw talte Notice ttar (n t!t« AflemWymide Ju*» ijoK the
Pages are Folio'd i t 3 &'. hyre«fon the Laws made thuSe lions w«rs ordereci to be firit
Printed fo that they could not be truly afc«camed, and inflcad thereof add 80 8i 81 &<. o-
tberwife the Index wiU be falfc.

Thefe are to gire Notice to ajl Gentlemen &i. thar arc any ways totereftcdin private A<5s
ofAfTcmbly, ihat they may h^ve them primed at Inrge : Ana m»y iikewifebe furoi'hed with
blank B^lls, Bonds, Writrs Bi'lsof Exchange, Bills of Lading, Adminirtratioo Bonds, Tefta-
rneiitary Bonds, l^rten of Adminifiration, Letters Tettamentary, Watants fo/ Ap
fffe. with any ether Matters pdaced ac tsafooibl* Rates by Ihnmm Rctdii^ Jjying
Towa sud Port ot^fufelis:

PLATE III. See page xiii.

Thomas Reading and the Issues of his Press

should not be ascribed to the Annapolis press of Thomas Reading, an issue
}f the year 1707, and it will be so entered with a full description in the bib-
iographical appendix to this narrative.

THE BEGINNING OF THE PRINTED SESSION LAWS

Throughout the years that followed Reading's appointment to the office
}f public printer in 1704, there are to be found in the journals of the Lower
Bouse several significant references to his printing activities. It has been
said generally, even by persons familiar with Maryland historical bibliog-
•aphy, that the printing of the session laws of the Province began with
Parks in the year 1726, but to indicate the incompleteness of the current
knowledge on this subject, one need point only to the copies of Maryland
session laws for the year 1719,* printed by Andrew Bradford of Philadel-
phia, which are preserved in the Library of Congress and in the Peabody
Library of Baltimore. The truth is, indeed, that the printing of session laws
began in Maryland more than a decade before even this isolated number of
the series issued from the Pennsylvania press.

. It has been shown earlier in this chapter that in the resolution by which
the House had recognized Reading as public printer, specific mention had
been made of his obligation "to print all laws and other publiq matters."2
That this was not a form of words, that in accordance with the intention of
the Assembly, Reading began at this session to print the laws then enacted,
is believed to be indicated by the several entries which are now to be cited
from the Lower House journal, and by the bibliographical testimony which
will be adduced as a complement to that evidence.

In the year 1706, when Reading petitioned for permission to print the
body of laws and asked for the settlement of an annual salary upon him
for the printing of "all publick Matters as Speeches, Answers, Votes &
Proclamations &c.," the House resolved upon a rate of payment to be made
him "for what other Acts" should be "passed in any future Assemblys,"
and ordered that he be "allowed for the same in Proportion to the present
Body of the Laws."3 In the following year,April 15, 1707, it was"Resolved
That all the Laws Enacted this Session be printed pursuant to a former
Order of the House. And the Printer to be allowed for the same according
as before contracted for."4 Finally in the petition which Reading presented
to the Assembly in the year 1709, and in the action taken upon it by the

1 See following chapter and bibliographical appendix.

*L. H. J., September 12, 1704, Archives of Maryland, 26: 129.

*L. H. J., April 8, 1706, Archives of Maryland, 26: 577.

4L. H. J., April 15, 1707, Archives oj Maryland, 27: 128 (improperly headed April 13).

[33]

^4 History of Printing in Colonial tJxCary land

delegates, there seems to be evidence that printed session laws had been
the rule since the appointment of a public printer in 1704, and further, that
the Assembly intended the continuance of this good custom.

In the following paragraphs, Reading's petition of 1709 and the action
taken upon it by the House are given in full:

"To the Honble Robert Bradley and the other Gentl. Delegates now sitting in the House
of Assembly. The Humble Petition of Thomas Reading

Humbly sheweth to your Honours; That inasmuch as the Assembly in the Year of our
Lord 1704 thought meet to constitute your Petitioner Printer as may to your Honours ap-
pear upon the then Journal, and at the same Time ordered that your Petitioner should be
yearly considered by the several Counties for the Annual Laws of every Assembly the
which are all ready to be produced to your Honours:1 Now may it please your Honours your
Peers Allowance is so small, together with the Inconveniencies that attend the same (as
has already been demonstrated to yr Honrs) render yr Petrs Employment insignificant and
not sufficient to maintain him.

Therefore your Petitioner most humbly prays yr Honrs will be pleased to take his Case
into yr Honrs Consideration and make him what further Allowance your Honours shall
think fit and likewise that your Honours will be pleased to make especial Order that the
Secretary permit your Petitioner to have the Laws Enacted this Session so convenient to
copy in Order for the Press, as to your Honours most wise Judgment may seem most meth-
odical. And your Petitioner as in Duty bound shall ever pray &ta

Which being read and fully debated, Ordered the same be thus indorsed Vizt

By the House of Delegates Novem'r nth 1709

Upon reading the within Petition it is Resolved by the House that Mr Secretary per-
mit and allow Thomas Reading the Petitioner immediately after this Session to take a
Copy of the Laws now Enacted in Order that for Conveniency of the Province he by all
convenient Speed print the same and that the said Reading get the great Seal affixed to
each Body at the several Counties Charge and transmit a particular Body to each County
for which he is to be allowed and paid by each County for the same and every other Session
for the future 500 Ib Tobo a Body and that he prepare and deliver to the Clerk of the House
one printed Copy for the Use of the Assembly and another for the Provincial Court to be
paid for by the Public. Which is ordered to be done by all convenient Speed."2

From the documentary indications which have been presented here, one
is able to construct a hypothetical series of printed Maryland session laws
from 1704 to 1708 inclusive, and there the matter might rest in unsatisfac-
tory state were it not that the actual sheets of one number of this series re-
main to render more nearly certain the supposition that the whole of it
once existed. In the collection of Maryland laws printed in Annapolis by
Thomas Reading in the year 1707, described in this narrative as All the
Laws of Maryland Now in Force, the following pagination and signature
sequence are to be observed: B-U,2 X,1 pp. 1-78; B-C,2 D,1 pp. i-io; Aa-

1 These italics do not appear in the original, but the phrase is deemed to possess such importance as to render
this method of emphasizing it desirable.

2 L. H. J., November 1 1, 1709, Archives of Maryland, 27: 461 and 462.

[34]

^Thomas Reading and the Issues of his Press

Ee,2 pp. 95-1 14. The gatherings standing isolated in the volume, indicated
here by the symbols, B-C,2 D,1 pp. i-io, and bearing at the foot of page 10
the word "Finis," its only occurrence in the volume save when it was used
at the conclusion, contain the laws for the April session of 1706. It will be
recalled that in a note on the last page of the compiled laws of 1707, Read-
ing desired his readers to take notice that the laws of 1706 were "folio'd I
2 3 &c. by reason the Laws made that Sessions were ordered to be first
printed so that they [i. e. the page numbers] could not be truly ascertained."
The explanation of this erratic paging is to be found in the printer's de-
sire to save time and the labor of composition. It has been shown here
that in April 1706 he had contracted with the Assembly for an edition of
collected laws and for editions of session laws for all future assemblies. Di-
rected, it seems, to proceed with the printing and publication of the laws
of that session before setting the collected laws, he had determined to run
off from the forms which he proceeded to make up for this current issue, a
number of extra sheets to be laid aside and held for inclusion in the larger
work in contemplation. As his alternative to this course, he had the pros-
pect of resetting later the matter of the entire session, for with the small
fonts which the colonial printer owned, he could not have kept this matter
in type until it was needed. Accordingly he ran off his extra sheets of the
laws of 1706, stored them, and a year later, bound them in the "collection"
exactly as they had been printed originally for the separate edition of the
session laws, retaining their paging, i-io, their signatures, B-D, and the
word "Finis" on their last page, leaving out only their original signature
"A," which was doubtless the title-page and preliminary matter of the sep-
arate edition. If this reasoning is correct, it seems that the testimony of
the documents as to the existence of a series of printed Maryland session
laws earlier than heretofore has been known is well supported by the bib-
liographical evidence which the discovery of the volume of collected laws
of 1707 has made it possible to adduce.1

There exists further evidence that Reading fulfilled the contract which
he made with the Assembly when in 1704 he was appointed by that body
"to print all laws and other publiq matters." Almost as this narrative goes
to press there have appeared in the auction room two broadside sheets,2
printed by Thomas Reading of Annapolis in the year 1708, containing the
Governor's "Speech" and the "Answer" of the November Assembly of that

1 For a further discussion of this item, see bibliographical appendix under 1706 and 1707.

2 See bibliographical appendix for a description of these two broadsides, unrecorded until they appeared as
item No. 452 in catalogue No. 1546 of the Anderson Galleries, New York. They were sold January n, 1921, to
Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach for $1260.

C3S]

zA History of Printing in Colonial <Jxtary land

year. When one learns that Thomas Reading was printing minor legislative
documents in 1708, one assumes fairly that he was not neglecting the more
important work for which his services had been engaged; that is, the print-
ing of the acts passed at each session of Assembly.

Reference to the petition which William Bladen presented when in 1696
he asked permission of the Assembly to establish a press in the Province
reminds us that it was his intention to make use of that press in printing
the "laws made every Session," and although neither copy of session laws
as printed by him nor reference to such a copy remains, yet it is quite pos-
sible that the series of Maryland printed session laws began with that which
we have called the Bladen-Reading press at the time of its establishment
in the year 1700. It is not intended, however, to assume upon these con-
jectural grounds that the printing of the annual session laws began in that
year, but it is believed that the evidence which has been brought forward
here indicates their beginning in and continuance for several years after
1704, the year in which Reading was constituted public printer and in which
it was ordered "that he should be yearly considered by the several counties
for the Annual Laws of every Assembly." In consideration of the facts here
presented; namely, that there have been discovered the sheets of the ses-
sion laws of 1706, which Reading printed at the behest of that year's As-
sembly, and that the House journals give strong presumptive evidence that
all of the laws from 1704 to 1708 were printed, and that there exist actual
copies of the Governor's "Speech" and the Assembly's "Answer" for No-
vember 1708, one concludes that Reading was stating a plain truth when in
speaking to the delegates of the "Annual Laws of every Assembly" he used
the words "the which are all ready to be produced to your Honours." It
would be difficult to construe his words as meaning anything except that
he had printed the annual session laws from September 1704 to November
1708. The sheets of April 1706 having been discovered, there remain to be
unearthed and recorded copies of the separate editions of September and
December 1704, May 1705, March 1707, September and November 1708,
and without doubt of all later sessions to the year of Reading's death in

READING'S DEATH AND A SUMMARY OF HIS SERVICES
TO THE PROVINCE

The next that we hear of Reading in the Assembly records is that he is
dead.1 We are able to credit him with having printed two collections of com-

*U. H. J., November 14, 1713, Archives of Maryland, 29: 252. A discussion in the Upper House as to the best
means to be employed in publishing the laws for the counties, whether on poor parchment or good paper, begins

[36]

Thomas Reading and the Issues of his Press

piled laws, the session laws for at least five years, and a number of smaller
works of a legislative and religious character. In the light of these perform-
ances he is seen as no small figure in the literary history of a province in
which he labored at important tasks from the year 1700 until his death
thirteen years later. If one were to judge the quality of his handiwork from
;he Bray and Keith sermons and from the Body of Laws of 1700, the ver-
dict would form a severe reflection on his skill as a printer, but, fortunately,
at least one example of his later work, the collected laws of 1707, was of a
:haracter sufficiently impressive and dignified to demand commendation
Df his craftsmanship from the most critical observer. This is true in spite of
the fact that his proof reading and spelling, things not connected with the
mechanics of his trade, remained poor to the end.

The property which Thomas Reading left at his death was not large.The
evaluation of his goods and chattels amounted to seventeen pounds and a
few odd pence, and although the appraisers listed among his effects several
horses, two wigs, ten pairs of "eastern Shore Shoes," and a partly built
house, they made no mention of a press or of any other appliances of the
printing trade.1 Five years later, however, when William Bladen's estate
was settled, there was listed among its many items and valued at six pounds,
"an old Printing Press & Some Letters."2 The presence of these articles
among Bladen's effects accounts for their absence from Reading's poor store
of possessions. The fact that the printing press was included in the inven-
tory of property which Bladen held in Anne Arundel County, as distin-
guished from his St. Mary's and Kent Island holdings, has a significance
which will be referred to in a later chapter.

If one may judge from the inventories of their personal estates, the first

printers of Maryland seem not to have prospered notably in their trade.

Nuthead died possessed of little save a press, some promissory notes and a

broken-kneed horse; Reading left behind him several horses and some old

: clothes, but neither printing press nor other tool of his vocation.

! with the preamble "Whereas the Printer is dead." The "Register" of St. Anne's Parish (copy in the Maryland
Historical Society) records the burial of one "Thomas Redding," doubtless our printer, on May 9, 1713. Read-
ing's inventory is dated August 18, 1713.

^•Inventories and Accounts, 366: 176, August 18, 1713. Ms. in Land Office, Annapolis.
2 Inventories, i: 324, November 27, 1718. Ms. in Land Office, Annapolis.

[37]

CHAPTER FOUR

Evan Jones, Bookseller— The Jones-Bradford Laws of I J 1 8—

The London Edition of ^(Cary land Laws of 1723 —

Trot? s Laws of the ^Plantations

LITERARY history of colonial Maryland would have to
deal with a community peculiarly sterile in the produc-
tion of original works of literature. The reasons for this
condition are so many that it would be unwise to institute
a general discussion of them here. It is well to recall, how-
ever, that in Pennsylvania and in the northern colonies
the conflict of religious sects and of sects within sects kept
the presses busy with the publication of controversial matter, while in Mary-
land the firm establishment of the Church of England discouraged not only
the publication of works of controversy but controversy itself. Until the
years immediately preceding the American Revolution, religious specula-
tion was static in Maryland, a circumstance, we may believe, which did
not make for unhappiness among the people. Politics was always a matter
of interest to the Marylanders, but except in connection with certain im-
portant contentions which will be noticed later, discussion of affairs of state
rarely took the form of the printed word. There remained, in general, as
matter for the employment of the press only the publication of the laws
and legislative proceedings, and upon these, as the framework of Maryland
printing history, attention is mainly centered throughout the early part of
the period under discussion. Because of this close relationship between the
printing of Maryland laws and the history of Maryland printing, the pres-
ent chapter has importance in our narrative in spite of the fact that it has
nothing to do directly with the story of any Maryland press.

The death of Thomas Reading in the summer of 1713 left the Province
without a printer. In these early years of the century, printers in search of
employment were infrequently met with in the colonies. New York had only
one establishment at this time, and Pennsylvania, after the passage of sev-
eral years in which it had been without the services of a printer, had lately
induced Andrew Bradford to set up his press in the city where his father

[39]

<^A History of Printing in Colonial iJtCaryland

had been the first practitioner of typography. It was because of this scarcity
of trained printers in the colonies that, during the five years which followed
Reading's death, the Maryland laws were transcribed upon parchment or
good paper and distributed among the counties, where they were published
by the primitive method of voice proclamation. In the year 1718, however,
a way was found out of the position of embarrassment in which the colony
had been placed by the cessation of Reading's press. In this year Evan Jones
of Annapolis, a Welshman and the Provincial man-of-all-work, made pro-
posals to the Assembly in regard to the printing of its laws which resulted
in the publication of a work of great importance in Maryland legal history.
The reference to Evan Jones on the title-page of the Bray "Sermon" of
Annapolis, 1700, where he is described as "bookseller," contains the earli-
est knowledge that we have of the existence of this individual. There also,
for the last time, he was described specifically as "bookseller," but in the
years to come he took part frequently in the Provincial business in capaci-
ties not essentially different from that of his first description. He seems to
have been a ready and cheerful factotum in the public life of Maryland,
and the journals of the Assembly evidence the extent of his participation
in its affairs. In the year 1704 his Excellency in his address to the Assembly
asserted that he had never seen "any publick Buildings left solely to Prov-
idence but in Maryland," and straightway "Mr. Evan Jones of this Towne
a Sober Person" was engaged at ten pounds a year to look after such of the
offices as had been spared by the fire which, earlier in that year, had de-
stroyed the State House. In 1708 Jones acted as Clerk of the Upper House
for an entire session, and in the November session of 1713 he held the posi-
tion of "clerk assistant" of the Lower House. In the year 1713 he was spoken
of as Deputy Collector of the Port of Annapolis, and three years later he
was promoted to the office of Deputy Collector of the District of the Patux-
ent with jurisdiction of the Port of Annapolis. In June 1717 the committee
of the Lower House for the repair of public records employed him to be the
chief undertaker for examining and transcribing the records at the rate of
four pounds of tobacco a "side," a unit of measurement which was to be
considered as containing fifteen lines of seven words each. For his faithful
performance of this task, Major John Bradford, his brother-in-law,1 gave
bond to the amount of one thousand pounds sterling, a sum of such mag-

JThe will of John Bradford of Prince George's County, probated May u, 1726, left certain lands to his sister,
Mary Jones, with reversion to her two sons, Evan and John Jones. See Maryland Calendar of Wills, 5: 217. This
John Jones seems to have been the second child of Evan and Mary Jones who was given the name "John." In
removing the debris after the burning of St. Anne's church in 1858, a tombstone bearing the following inscription
was discovered: "Here lyeth the body of John the eldest son of Evan Jones and Mary his wife who dyed the 2d

[40]

aws Printed in Philadelphia and London

nitude in that day and place as to convince one that the colonial Mary-
landers regarded the correct transcription of their records as an undertak-
ing of importance. In the year 1718 Jones petitioned, unsuccessfully it
seems, for the privilege of carrying the mails, and except for the very im-
portant service to the colony which is now to be described, little is heard
of this busy and intelligent public servant until his death in the month of
June I722.1

THE JONES-BRADFORD EDITION OF THE LAWS, PHILADELPHIA, 1718

It was doubtless while Jones was engaged in the tedious employment of
transcribing the records of the Province that there occurred to him the idea
of the project which it is now time to take account of. On May 9, 1718, he
Toposed to the Upper House that he be allowed to print the body of pro-
incial law, and their Honours approved the petition and sent it down to
the delegates with the following endorsement:

"The within proposall is recommended to the Lower House of Assembly as reasonable
!in the Charge and usefull in the Work & to oblige the said Evan Jones to print them upon
good Paper and with a fair Letter."2

• When this endorsement was read in the Lower House, Thomas Bordley
and John Beale immediately offered

". . . to make a Compleat Colleccon of all the Laws ... in force in an entire Body and to
make a perfect Index and proper Marginall Notes throughout the whole for Fifty Pounds."3

Further than this the journal is silent. Thomas Bordley was a leader of
the House in the contention as to the force of the English statutes in the
^American colonies, and as the struggle between the delegates and the Pro-
prietary interests was now becoming close after years of relative peace on
this subject, Bordley was allowing to pass few chances to annoy the gentle-
;tnen of the Upper Chamber. As Evan Jones held with the Lower House in
this contention, one is baffled to determine whether in the present instance
Bordley's action was a part of his general strategy, or whether he had in
view merely the editorial preparation of the copy for Jones's publication.
Whatever may be the true interpretation of the incident, however, it forms

of ytber Ano dm 1716 aged two years. (Five lines of Welsh)." See Riley, E. S., Ancient City, p. 76. Evan Jones
was a vestryman of St. Anne's Parish from 1709 to 1716. See The Endowment Guild of St. Anne's Parish, by John
irt Randall, Annapolis, 1909, and Allen, Ethan, Historical Notices of St. Ann's Parish. Baltimore, 1857.

1 "Births, Marriages and Deaths," in "Parish Register," St. Anne's Parish, Anne Arundel County. Copy in
Maryland Historical Society. The foregoing facts relating to Evan Jones's connection with the Provincial govern-
ment are to be found in the Lower House journals for the years named.

2 L. H. J., May 9, 1718, Archives of Maryland, 33: 271. It is possible that this petition had been introduced
ariginally in the Lower House and passed upon there and that this entry indicates simply the concurrence of the
Upper House. Neither clerk seems to have made a complete entry of the transaction.

3L. H. J., May 9, 1718, Archives of Maryland, 33: 272.

<±A History of Printing in

the last reference to Jones's proposal which was entered in the journal of
either house. It does not appear from the obviously incomplete record which
has been quoted that Jones was given authority to proceed with his publi-
cation, but the event shows that he proceeded none the less, and on the
title-page of his book, he declared that the compilation had been made by
order of the Governor and both Houses of Assembly.

In one sense, the compilation of laws which Jones now presented to the
public is the most important collection of the statutes of colonial Maryland.
As one of the last acts of her reign Queen Anne had commanded a second
revision of the whole body of Maryland law. On April 29, I7I5,1 Governor
Hart had communicated to the delegates the royal instructions, and on the
seventh of the following month the House had proceeded with the required-
revision.2 The body of law determined by the Assembly on this occasion,
as McMahon, the historian of the Maryland constitution, wrote many years
later, "formed the substratum of the statute law of the Province, even down
to the Revolution; and the subsequent legislation of the colony effected no
very material alterations in the system of general law then established."3
It was this "system of general law then established" which caused the super-
session of the collection of laws published by Reading in 1707 and rendered
necessary the new compilation which Jones proposed and carried into effect
in the year 1718.

In this book, which was published through the Philadelphia press of An-
drew Bradford in the year 1718,* the editor, Evan Jones, found himself in
the position of a man who thinks to please all parties, but who in the out-
come contrives probably to give universal offence. In his Preface5 he attrib-
uted to Governor Hart all the virtues of a paragon among governors; he
spoke well of the Proprietary, recently come again into his own, and voiced
the most loyal sentiments in regard to Church and King. Moreover, in his
opening paragraph, he expressed the mind of the Lower House when he
wrote that the Maryland acts "are not expected to speak, but where the
General Statutes of England are silent." He continued with the informa-
tion that until the publication of this book the statutes had existed only in

1 L. H. J., April 29, 1715, Archives oj Maryland, 30: 105.

2L. H. J., May 7, 1715, Archives of Maryland, 30: 129. In Chapter Five of this narrative reference is made to
the part played in John Peter Zenger's trial by the celebrated colonial lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, at one time a
resident of Kent County, Maryland. He represented that county in the Maryland Assembly of 1715, and as a
member of its committee or, laws doubtless contributed to the success of the notable revision of that year. See
Steiner, Bernard C., in Pennsylvania Magazine of History, v. 20.

3 McMahon, J. V. L., An Historical View oj the Government oj Maryland. Baltimore, 1831, p. 282.

4 Description in bibliographical appendix under year 1718.
6 Reprinted, Archives oj Maryland, 38: 429.

tJxCaryland Laws Printed in Philadelphia and London

ill-written manuscripts without indexes, so that "The Laws of the Province
lay so obscure, that they were scarcely known to those that were immedi-
ately concerned in the Judging of or Pleading by them." He asserted fur-
ther that the work had been encouraged by the Assembly, and in the face
of his two distinct declarations of this fact, one must conclude that Bacon
was mistaken when in later years he said that this edition of the Maryland
laws had been published without authority.

Because of the difficulty, experienced often throughout their history, of
securing the Proprietary or Royal assent to legislative enactments, the people
of Maryland until this time had preferred temporary laws, expiring by their
own limitation, so that their legislation, McMahon says, had "assumed the
character of a system of expedients." The body of laws adopted in 1715,
and now published by Jones in 1718 with all legislation of the intervening
years, was the earliest body of permanent general law established in the
Province. The service which Jones rendered to the people of Maryland in
editing and publishing their first "code" was of such a degree of importance
as to entitle him to remembrance. Whether the country party was pleased
by his prefatorial reference to those of the Court, and whether the sop which
he threw to the former in his remark on the force of the English statutes in
Maryland was to the taste of the latter did not, after all, affect the practi-
cal value of the printed body of general law which he published for the
benefit of all parties in the Province.

THE SESSION LAWS OF 1719

Following his venture as the publisher of the compiled laws of the Prov-
ince in the year 1718, Jones made application at the next session of Assem-
bly for permission to continue his activity in the publication of its legislative
enactments. On June 5, 1719, leave was given him by the Lower House "to
print the laws made this Sessions — As also the Governours Speech Answer
and the Severall addresses of this Sessions."1 Jones again carried his "copy"
to Philadelphia,2 and the session laws for 1719, and the speeches and ad-
dresses for that year soon issued from the Bradford press.3 From the cir-

. J., June 5, 1719, Archives of Maryland, 33: 444 and 445.

2 It is regretted that the limits of this work do not permit an extended account of Andrew Bradford, the Phil-
adelphia printer who at various times during the ensuing years acted in the capacity, unofficially of course, of
public printer of Maryland. A prolific printer and a useful citizen, he is shown in an unfavorable light in the
Autobiography of Franklin, who seems in this case to have acted with ingratitude toward one who had befriended
him at a time of great need. Isaiah Thomas has a good account of the Bradfords, and other later writers have
defended Andrew against the aspersions of Franklin and set him before the world in a more favorable light as
man and printer.

3 See bibliographical appendix.

C43]

<tA History of Printing in £olonial Maryland

cumstance that the pagination of these sessionlawsis consecutive with that
of the edition of the compiled laws of the previous year, it seems that Jones
had in mind the continuance of a series of annual Acts of Assembly to be
bound with the body of laws and used as one collection until the passage
of years should render necessary another revision and compilation of the
whole. That Bradford's work was fairly well done, the copies remaining
attest, but that it was not without vexatious errors may be inferred from a
passage in the Upper House journal of two years later, when, after discov-
ering that they had been bickering with the delegates over a point in one of
the acts the sense of which, it eventuated, had been beclouded by a mis-
print, their Honours in an ungracious note to the Lower House declared,
"We should be Glad you would Provide agt such Grosse mistakes in the
Printing for the future."1

During the three sessions which followed this of May 1719 for which,
with Evan Jones as intermediary, Andrew Bradford had printed the laws
and addresses, these important state papers, almost certainly, were printed
by John Peter Zenger, a resident printer to whose Maryland venture a later
section of this narrative is devoted. On the departure of this individual from
Maryland late in the year 1721, the Province was again without a printer.
Once more and for the last time before his death a few months afterwards,
the worthy Evan Jones stepped forward to act as the agent for its printing.
On February 28, 1 721/22, the Lower House journal records that "Mr. Evan
Jones has the liberty of printing the Tobacco laws." No provision was made
for the printing of the session laws, but as only one public law was passed
at this session and as this was a tobacco law, the neglect explains itself. De-
spite the fact that no copy of this law remains, it is probable that it was
printed by Bradford at Evan Jones's behest, for other documents of this
session found their way into print through the Philadelphia office. One of
the reasons given by Governor Calvert for calling this session had been his
desire to explain to the Houses his dismissal of Thomas Bordley from his
Council. The several addresses to and from the Governor on this and rou-
tine matters before the session, Bordley's defense and other pertinent
documents were collected and printed under the title of The Speech of his
Excellency Coll. Charles Calvert, Governour of the Province of Maryland, to
both Houses of Assembly, Feb. 20, 1721.

Unfortunately there remains of this printed collection a single mutilated
copy containing only three pages,2 and as none of these is title-page or colo-

JU. H. J., August 5, 1721, Archives o] Maryland, 34: 186.
2 See bibliographical appendix.

C44]

^Maryland Laws Printed in Philadelphia and London

phon it is not possible to assert positively that it was from Bradford's press.
The type and typographical ornaments, however, aid in making an attri-
bution which one would suspect to be correct from the fact that Evan Jones,
who always carried his work to Philadelphia, had been authorized to act as
the Provincial printing agent in this session of Assembly. It is likely that
the single tobacco law of the session was printed at the same time and by
the same printer.

Five years after the publication of the Jones-Bradford collection of 171 8,
the Maryland Assembly was called on to consider "The Petition of Andrew
Bradford printer praying an Allowance for printing the great Body of Laws
which he was Employd to do by Evan Jones Gent deced."1 After a reading,
the petition was immediately "rejected for that this House never Employed
the petitioner or Ordered any other person to Employ him." Thus we learn
that Jones is dead, and that Bradford either had not been paid at all for his
work on the laws, or that he considered himself to have been underpaid.
The delegates, on their part, clearly considered Mr. Bradford impertinent,
but that the Philadelphia printer bore no malice is evidenced by his willing-
ness to undertake Maryland work at other times in the not distant future.
•

THE BOARD OF TRADE EDITION OF MARYLAND LAWS, LONDON, 1723

In connection with the edition of Maryland laws which Bradford printed
for Jones in 1718, it is proper to mention now rather than in its chronologi-
cal order a compilation of Maryland statutes which appeared in London in
the year 1723, for this later compilation, in spite of its date, contains no
acts subsequent to the body of law established in 1715, the same revision
of Maryland legislation which had made necessary the Jones-Bradford edi-
tion. When the Queen had ordered a revision of Maryland laws in I7i5,she
had directed at the same time that the body of law when completed should
be engrossed and a copy sent to the Lords Commissioners of Trade. In a
footnote to his Preface, Bacon wrote in 1765,

"I have seen (some Time before I left England in the Year 1745) an Edition printed at
London, at Lord Baltimore's expence, as I have been informed, for the Use of the Board of
Trade, with the Latin Charter prefixed: But could never meet with a copy of it in this
Province, nor can I recollect the Date it bears."

In this note Bacon referred doubtless to the edition of 1723 which is now
being discussed, a work well known to students of American bibliography
and available in several libraries in this country, however vainly he may
have sought it in his day. In spite of his supposition that the compilation

1 L. H. J., September 30, 1723, Archives of Maryland, 34: 617.
[45]

<^4 History of Printing in Colonial <3tCary land

had been printed at Lord Baltimore's expense, there seems no reason for
believing this to be true. The collection bears the royal arms, was printed
by the King's printer, and has nei ther dedication nor preface. There is nothing
about the book to suggest that Baltimore had been ordered to publish it,
and as it contains none of the laws made since the Province had been re-
stored to his government, it is more probably the case that the collection
had been issued by the Lords of Trade from the engrossed copy sent to
them in 1715 as one of that series of colonial laws which they published
customarily for the benefit of those in England who were associated in co-
lonial business enterprises. Similar publications were printed by Baskett,
some of them "by order of the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Planta-
tions," for Bermuda and New York in 1719, the Barbadoes in 1721, Mas-
sachusetts in 1724 and Virginia in 1727, to name only the most important
collections of the series.

This London edition of the laws is a handsome book, well printed on a
thick, crisp, white paper. It was printed by John Baskett, who six years
before its publication had acquired unpleasant notoriety as the printer of
an edition of Holy Writ which has been known ever since as the Vinegar
Bible, by reason of the occurrence in its pages of a misprint in one of the
gospels which caused the laborers in the vineyard to be alluded to as the
laborers in the "vinegar." Because of this and other blunders which it con-
tained, it was known to a mocking generation as a "Basket-full of printer's
errors," but in spite of its textual imperfections, Dibdin described it as "the
most magnificent of the Oxford Bibles." Until Jonas Green had printed
Bacon's edition of the laws, Baskett's edition was certainly the most mag-
nificent of the Maryland books of statutory law. That it had little use in
the colonies is easily explained by the nature of its contents and by its date
of publication, for a work published in 1 723 containing no laws passed since
1715 could not be expected to prove useful when even the easily available
Jones-Bradford compilation, containing the code of 1715 and subsequent
legislation for the three years 1716-1718, so rapidly became out-of-date
that the Assembly in 1722 attempted to have printed a second volume con-
taining the compiled laws of the intervening years.1

"TROTT'S LAWS OF THE PLANTATIONS," LONDON, 1721

Several times in the course of this narrative grateful reference has been
made to a special compilation of colonial laws known familiarly as "Trott's
Laws of the Plantations." The Laws oj the British Plantations — relating to

1 See next chapter under the section devoted to Michael Piper and his attempt to establish a press in Maryland.

[46]

s Printed in Philadelphia and London

the Church and the Clergy, Religion and Learning, published in London in
1721, has served a useful purpose to the historians of two centuries as a
dependable and direct guide to the matters of which it treats. It contains
thirty-one acts at large which were in force in Maryland at the time of its
publication. For the greater part, Nicholas Trott, its editor,1 used the Jones-
Bradford edition in compiling his section of Maryland religious enactments,
giving in addition, however, marginal references to the Reading editions of
1700 and 1707. Useful to the church historian of today, his collection, at
the time of its publication, must have been of particular value in England,
as well as in those American colonies where the Church of England had
been by law established.

As has been said, the foregoing notices of works of Maryland law, printed
beyond the limits of the Province, have no direct bearing on the story of
the Maryland press, but as these works occupy an important position in
the legal bibliography of the colony it is believed that a description of the
circumstances of their publication should find place in this narrative.

1 Nicholas Trott was one of the most interesting figures in the colonial panorama. Emigrating to South Caro-
lina in 1698, he became chief justice in 1702 and held that office until the anti-proprietary revolution of 1719, a

* revolution precipitated largely by his own injustice and tyranny. It has been said that "However unscrupulous
as a politician, corrupt and tyrannical as a judge, Trott was a profound lawyer, a scholar of great learning, and
a most laborious and indefatigable worker." It might be added that he was a devout Churchman and deeply
read in theology and the Holy Scriptures. In 1736 he published a codification of the laws of South Carolina which
has place as one of the most remarkable legal productions of colonial America, and which, printed by Lewis
Timothy of Charleston, vies with any work of the first half of the century in typographical excellence. At the

' time of Trott's death in 1740, he was engaged upon an "Explication of the Hebrew Text of the Old Testament."
One of his most unpleasant habits was that of further distressing those whom he had condemned to death by
addressing to them religious homilies. His remarks to the pirate, Captain Stede Bonnet, remain as the record of
his remarkable personality and as the fitting conclusion of one of the most dramatic criminal trials of the colonial
era. For a good account of Judge Trott, see McCrady, Edward, The History of South Carolina under the Proprie-
tary Government, 1670-1719. N. Y. 1 897, passim.

[47]

CHAPTER FIVE

John 'Peter Zenger, Public 'Printer of ^Maryland— Michael 'Piper

and his ^Abortive 'Press — 'The ^Beginnings of the

"Votes and 'Proceedings" Series

QUESTION which proposes itself for solution at this
point in the narrative is that of the part played in Mary-
land printing activity by John Peter Zenger, the New
York printer, whose trial for seditious libel in the year
1734 established in the American colonies the principle
of the freedom of the press. It is a matter of record that
for a period of years Zenger lived in Maryland, and it is
no less certain that during this residence, at three successive sessions of the
Assembly he was employed to print the laws of the Province. From the
evidence of circumstance one infers that on two of these occasions, certainly,
he actually printed the session laws, but immediately the question arises
as to where in Maryland was his press and where are concealed specimens
of its production or contemporary references to them other than the orders
to print which appear in the journals of Assembly. Beyond presenting a
'statement of the evidence, the following discussion does little for the solu-
tion of the problem.

John Peter Zenger, "borne in the uper Palatinate on the Rhine,"1 was
brought to this country by his mother in the year 1710, among those refu-
gees from the Palatinate whom Queen Anne had removed from a scene of
persecution and transported to her American colonies. About thirteen years
of age at the time of his arrival in New York, Zenger was soon afterwards
apprenticed by his mother to William Bradford, the printer, who in later
years was to become his relentless political adversary. Nothing is recorded
of him during the customary years of apprenticeship, but at their conclu-
sion it seems that he lost little time in seeking a community in which he
might set up for himself as a master printer. Old William Bradford would
have known that in the absence of a resident printer in Maryland, his son
Andrew of Philadelphia had been doing the work of that Province for five

1 Act of Naturalization, Archives of Maryland, 38: 277.
[49}

?Jl History of Printing in £olonial<Maryland

years. Possessing this knowledge, it was doubtless he who suggested to
Zenger that he take his chances at a living in the southern Province. At
any rate, Zenger appeared in Maryland, asking for employment, very soon
after the expiration of his articles of apprenticeship. In the April session of
Assembly of the year 1720,

"The Petition of John Peter Zenger praying that he may have the Liberty of Printing
the Laws for the Severall Countys the Provinciall Court and Upper and Lower house of
Assembly was read and

Resolved that the Petitioner have the Liberty of Printing the Laws for the Severall
Countys Provinciall Court and a Body for the upper House and another for the Lower
House of Assembly and that he bind the severall Bodies for which the Severall Counties
and Publick shall pay Seven hundred pounds of Tobacco per Body."1

In transmitting this resolution to the Upper House for its approval, the
Clerk of the House of Delegates added a significant sentence, when he wrote
the words, "with which we desire your Concurrence Especially Consider-
ing it will be a means to promote the Carrying on so necessary a work amongst
us." The resolution of the Lower House was concurred in by the Upper
Chamber on the same day, and that the delegates had no doubt of the
printer's ability to carry out his contract is learned from a later entry in
their journal. On April 22d, the last day of the session, to the question of
the Upper House as to how much should be paid the Chancellor for tran-
scribing the laws, they returned the reply that

"Both Houses of Assembly haveing agreed that John Peter Zenger should print the
Laws of Each Sessions for the Severall Countys and Provinciall Courts &c we Apprehend
it would be too great a burthen to the Country to pay both the Chancellor and Printer for
them."2

Well satisfied with his prospects in Maryland, Zenger applied for citizen-
ship in the Province at the next session of Assembly, that of October 1720,
when, in response to his petition there was passed "An Act for the natural-
ization of John Peter Zenger of Kent County Printer & his Children."3 In
the title of this act is contained the only reference that exists to Zenger's
place of residence in Maryland, and on the evidence of this description, it
has been assumed that at his first coming to the colony he had set up his
press in Kent County near Chestertown. The county court records and the
records of the Provincial Land Office contain no indication that Zenger took
up land in Kent County or elsewhere, and unless he intended to carry on
farming in addition to printing, it seems unreasonable that he should have

. J., April 12, 1720, Archives of Maryland, 33: 588, 501-502
2L. H. J., April 22, 1720, Archives of Maryland, 33: 639.

'Bacon's Laws of Maryland, 1720, ch. 18. See also L. H. J., October 20, 1720, Archives of Maryland, 34: 56.
The complete text of the act was printed in Archives of Maryland, 38: 277.

[50]

Zenger's <Maryland Venture • The Earliest ^Assembly Proceedings

established himself across the Chesapeake many miles distant from Annap-
olis, in which town of course was the source of the greater part of the print-
ing business of Maryland. Chestertown was a village at this time, and a
small village at that. Surrounding it was an agricultural neighborhood. If
Zenger set up his press in this community, he must deliberately have chosen
a position of isolation, but the description of him as of Kent County in his
act of naturalization is at least a positive piece of evidence that he made
such a choice; there is no evidence of any nature whatsoever that he settled
in Annapolis, where one would have expected to find him.

It is to be presumed that in the months which had intervened between
Zenger's order to print the session laws in April 1720, and the day of his
naturalization in October of that year, he had carried out his contract with
the Assembly as to the printing and binding of the April acts, for on Octo-
ber 2yth, it was resolved by the delegates,

". . . that the Printer be Allowed five hundred pounds of tobacco for the Printing the
Laws for the Counties &ca . . . as last Sessions,1 and that Mr. Tasker make Coppys of all
the Publick Laws and the heads of all the Private Laws . . . And the said Copys to be
Delivered to the Printer the latter End of the next week."2

If Zenger had failed to print the laws of April 1720, it is not likely that
in employing him to print those of October 1720, the delegates would have
used the phrase "as last Sessions;" nor in the session of August 1721 would
they have resolved,

". . . that John Peter Zenger print the Body of Laws this Sessions as usual3 and be Al-
lowed five hundred pounds of Tobo per Body. And that John Gould Transcribe a Body of
the said Laws from the Originals to be by him Sent to the said Printer; . . ."4

The phrases "as last Sessions" and "as usual" employed in these quota-
tions must refer to a series of performances rather than to a series of fail-
ures to perform.

In the absence of later references in the Maryland records to Zenger and
his work for the Province, it is impossible to assert that he carried out the
task imposed upon him by the delegates in August 1721. It is probable,
however, that he accepted the contract and completed it as his last im-
portant work in Maryland before his return to New York late in 1721 or
early in the year 1722, after a Maryland residence of some months less than
two years. In the preceding chapter it was pointed out that in the session of
February 172 1/22, Evan Jones had been given permission to print the only

1 The omission before these words, italicized by the author, occurs in the original.

1 L. H. J., October 27, 1720, Archives of Maryland, 34: 1 1 1.

* Italics by author.

4L. H. J., August 5, 1721, Archives of Maryland, 34: 255.

[51]

<zA History of Printing in

public law passed by that Assembly, a sufficient indication that Zenger was
no longer a resident of the Province. It is known, moreover, that he mar-
ried his second wife, Anna Catherina Maul, in New York on August 24,
1722, and that he was made a freeman of the city in the year following his
marriage. He formed a partnership about this time with his old master,
William Bradford, with whom he printed a book in the Dutch language in
the year 1725. In 1726, his name appeared unaccompanied by any other on
the imprint of another Dutch book, and from thenceforward, he printed
alone in the Dutch, German and English languages. One of his nieces, Eliz-
abeth Becker, married Richard Curson or Curzon, the founder of the Ameri-
can family of Curzon, so that through her Zenger is associated by ties of
blood with a family of importance in Maryland and New York. At his death
in 1746, his widow, Anna Catherina Zenger, carried on his press for some
years. It was afterwards taken over and continued by John Zenger, his son
by his first wife. With the removal of Zenger from Maryland to New York,
he passes from the field of activity with which this narrative is concerned.
To discuss here the later and more important period of his life would be to
extend unduly the length of this relation by the inclusion of matter which
has been presented in detail in books and articles which are available to all
readers.1

It is evident that the final word remains to be said on the subject of the
work of Zenger as a printer in Maryland. The silence of the Kent County
records and of the records in the Maryland Land Office together with the
absence of a single Maryland imprint bearing his name leave the question
of the location of his press as much of a riddle as ever it was. When he ap-
plied to the Assembly in April 1720 for permission to print its laws, he was
newly come to Maryland as a journeyman not long free of his apprentice-

1 For further biographical details of Zenger and his family see Pleasants, J. Hall, The Curzon Family of New York
and Baltimore and Their English Descent. Baltimore, 1919. For a comprehensive treatment of his imprisonment
and trial, of the events which led up to this consummation and of its triumphant conclusion for American jour-
nalism, read Rutherford, Livingston, John Peter Zenger, Second New York Printer, his Press, his Trial. New
York, 1904; Hildeburn, C. R., Sketches of Printers and Printing in Colonial New York. New York, 1895; and
the article devoted to him by Isaiah Thomas in his History of Printing in America. He was defended in his trial
by Andrew Hamilton of Philadelphia, who had lived in Kent County, Maryland, shortly before Zenger's residence
there. For an interesting discussion of the extent to which this fact influenced Zenger in choosing Hamilton to
defend him, see Steiner, Bernard C., "Andrew Hamilton and John Peter Zenger," in vol. 20 of the Pennsylvania
Magazine of History. Isaiah Thomas wrote of Zenger that he "was a good workman, and a scholar, but not a
correct printer of English." Some of his later biographers, however, are not willing to follow Thomas in his asser-
tion that Zenger was a scholar, and it is generally believed that he had been used as a catspaw in the political
dispute which resulted in his imprisonment and trial. Thomas relates that during the dispute Zenger gave such
jffence to a gentleman of the Council by an article in his newspaper, The New York Weekly Journal, that the irate
colonel threatened to lay his stick over the printer. Thereafter Zenger went about his affairs armed with a sword,
and the spectacle of a printer so accoutred gave Bradford the opportunity for the exercise of his powers of ridi-
cule. The "crafty old sophister," as Franklin named Bradford, took a little more than full advantage of his op-
portunity.

[52]

Zenger' s ^Maryland Venture - The Earliest ^Assembly Proceedings

ship. It is not certain that he made his home in Kent County on his first
coming into the Province, although he was, it seems, a resident of that county
a very few months later. If at this time he had possessed no press of his
own, and this would not have been strange in the case of so young a printer,
it would have been the natural thing for him to have made his headquar-
ters at Annapolis, where originated the important printing business of the
Province, and where as well there was to be found until the year 1723 a
printing press and its necessary equipment, doubtless the same outfit which
two years before his coming had been listed in the inventory of property
held in Anne Arundel County by William Bladen. One would have said
that here was a hand-made opportunity for a young journeyman beginning
business on his own account, but the supposition that he took advantage
of the opportunity is rendered doubtful by his description as "of Kent
County" and by the wording of the Assembly order of August 1721, in
which it was directed that after transcription the laws were promptly "to
be ... Sent to the said printer." Would the word "sent" have been used
when the transaction involved was simply the turning over of a manuscript
to a fellow villager whom the copyist must have seen every day? It is true
that in the October session of 1720, under like circumstances, the word
"delivered" had been employed in the order, but wherever his shop may
have been, it is probable that in this month Zenger was in Annapolis in
person, attending to the passage through the Assembly of his act of natu-
ralization.

It is upon such evidence as has been adduced that the question of the
location of Zenger's press must be argued, and admittedly it is so intangible
in character that no decision may be based upon it. The question probably
will never be settled until someone discovers a Maryland imprint bearing
the name of John Peter Zenger, and it is to be hoped that the discovery will
be made by a person in need of the money which a specimen of Zenger's
Maryland press would bring at auction.

MR. MICHAEL PIPER, SCHOOLMASTER, AND HIS PRINTING PROPOSALS

With Zenger removed from Maryland, and with Evan Jones four months
dead, the Province found itself in difficulties in regard to its printing at the
session of Assembly of October 1722. There was not lacking, it is true, an
aspirant for the vacant office, but with the best intentions he succeeded but
poorly in carrying out his proposals to continue the publication of the laws.
This individual was no other than Mr. Michael Piper, master of the Free
School of Annapolis, that establishment founded by Governor Nicholson in

[53]

<iA History of Printing in (Colonial ' zJtfary land

1696, known for generations as King William's School, and finally merged
with the newly established St. John's College in the year 1786. Nothing of
the life of Mr. Piper is of concern in this narrative except the fact that in
October 1722, he petitioned the Assembly that he be allowed to print the
laws of that session and those to be made thereafter.1 A few days later his
petition was granted,2 and it was resolved "that he be printer to this House
and that this House will give him all reasonable encouragement from time
to time so far as may be consistent with the Justice thereof." Two days
later it was provided that Mr. Piper be allowed five pounds currency as
his encouragement for collecting, annotating and indexing the laws made
since 1718, in order, as the journal says, "that they may be printed as a 2d
Volume of the Laws of this Province."3 These projects seem never to have
been carried out. A year later the following resolution was passed in the
House:

"On a Motion made as to the further Consideration of Michaell Pipers petition last As-
sembly relateing to the printing the Laws and Mr. Piper Appearing at the Barr and Al-
ledgeing that the press is now at Philadelphia and that he can't print them here at present,
It is Resolved that the Chancellor Transcribe the Laws ... as usuall and that the like
Encouragement proposed to Mr. Piper Last Sessions be given to the first person that will
Erect a printing press at the City of Annapolis."4

The extracts which have been quoted here indicate little except that the
Maryland authorities were not apathetic in the matter of printing. One as-
sumes, however, from Mr. Piper's case that the old Bladen press must still
have been in Annapolis in October 1722, when the schoolmaster proposed
to undertake the printing of the provincial laws, and that it was probably
sent to Philadelphia8 some time between that date and September 1723.
Although Mr. Piper clearly did not print the session laws as he had pro-
posed, yet he may have printed on this old press a few smaller and less am-
bitious things, such as, for example, the "printed case" of Samuel Cover
which was referred to in the Assembly on September 23, 1723. He did not

1L. H. J., October 27, 1722, Archives of Maryland, 34: 445.

2L. H. J., October 30, 1722, Archives of Maryland, 34: 450 and 454.

3L. H. J., November I, 1722, Archives of Maryland, 34: 455.

4L. H. J., September 28, 1723, Archives of Maryland, 34: 613.

6 In Franklin's Autobiography, Everyman ed. p. 33, occurs this description of the printing equipment of Sam-
uel Keimer, a printer just arrived in Philadelphia. Franklin writes, "Keimer's printing-house, I found, consisted
of an old shatter'd press, and one small, worn-out font of English, ... I endeavor'd to put his press (which he
had not yet us'd, and of which he understood nothing) into order fit to be worked with." This was in October
1723. It was on September 28, 1723, that Mr. Piper said to the Maryland delegates, "the press is now at Phila-
delphia." Keimer had lately set up in Philadelphia, and Franklin says that in October 1723 he had not yet used
his "old shattered press." From this description of the press, and from the correspondence of dates and circum-
stances, one hazards the guess, admittedly per saltum, that Keimer had bought the old Bladen-Reading press
from the estate of the late William Bladen.

[54]

Zenger s^Caryland Venture • The Earliest ^Assembly Proceedings

print Ephraim Hermann's Copies of some Records &? Depositions Relating to
Great Bohemia Mannor lying on Bohemia River in Maryland, which issued
from Bradford's press in this year,1 but that means nothing; Bohemia Manor
naturally transacted its business with Philadelphia by reason of its geo-
graphical position.

Since Reading's death in 1713, the Province had been compelled to rely
entirely on Andrew Bradford of Philadelphia for its printing, except for the
two years during which Zenger had acted in the capacity of provincial printer.
Disappointed now by Piper, they offered inducements to all and any, but
even so they were destined to wait for three years before their offer should
be taken up by William Parks, one of the great figures in the story of Amer-
ican colonial typography.

THE BEGINNINGS OF THE "VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS" SERIES

In a former chapter mention was made of the fact that in the year 1706
Thomas Reading had proposed that a part of his duty to the Province be
the printing of "all publick Matters as Speeches, Answers, Votes &c" in
addition to the regular publication of the session laws. In this proposal is to
be found the first mention of that series of Assembly proceedings which was
known to generations of Marylanders as the Votes and Proceedings of the
Lower House of the Assembly, and which is published today under the title
of Journal of the Proceedings of the House of Delegates of Mary land. Whether
Readingwas permitted to carry out his plans in regard to the proceedings of
the Assembly is not recorded, and there seem to have been printed no pub-
lications of exactly this character until the year 1727, when William Parks
began their regular issue. In the year 1723 or 1724, and again in 1725, how-
ever, there were printed certain of the debates and proceedings of the As-
sembly which have a peculiarinterest for the students of American history,
inasmuch as their publication was associated with one of the most import-
ant constitutional issues of the colonial period, an issue which was fought
over not only in Maryland but as well in several others of the English col-
onies of America.

In the sessions of Assembly from 1722 to 1725 there occurred the climax
of a struggle, then half a century old in Maryland, in which the Lower House
had been striving to secure recognition of the claim that the Englishmen of
America came by right of heritage within the jurisdiction of the English
statute law, upholding the passionately held belief that in emigrating to a
colonial possession of England their fathers had not forfeited for themselves

1 Hughes, T. A., History of the Society of Jesus in North America. Documents, v. i, pt. i, p. 284.
[55]

<iA History of Printing in Colonial <3&ary land

and for their children the rights of Englishmen. In the sessions of 1724 and
1725, anxious to put themselves on record before their constituents in this
matter, and at the same time to expose the obduracy of the Proprietary
and the Upper House, the burgesses determined upon the printing of such
of their recent proceedings as related to the contention which had been en-
gaging their interest. The resulting collection was the earliest printed record
of which copies have remained of the proceedings and procedure of the
Maryland Assembly, but before passing to a consideration of this pamphlet,
it is necessary to take account of an earlier publication of the same charac-
ter which has never engaged the attention of bibliographers.

On October 13, 1724, the following entry was made on the journal of the
Lower House :

"Several printed Copys of the Address and the Resolves of the Lower House in October
Assembly 1722 being produced to this house are well approved of in the manner as they
are now printed."1

No copy of this initial issue of the Maryland Assembly proceedings has
ever been recorded. Its printing had not been ordered by the Assembly of
1722, in which year it might conceivably have been printed by Michael
Piper. No mention was made of it in the Assembly of 1723, and from the
expression used in 1724, "the manner as they are now printed," one ac-
quires the impression that the publication had newly issued from the press.
Bladen's old press, presumably, having been sent to Philadelphia, there
was no printing press in Annapolis in 1724, so that in seeking the place of
origin of the first printed proceedings of the Maryland Assembly, one turns
naturally to the office of that busy Philadelphia printer, Andrew Bradford,
whose relations with the Province had continued to be close. It is not listed,
however, with the issues of his press, nor is it recorded elsewhere in Ameri-
can bibliographies.

One passes with relief from this ghost book, the "Address and Resolves of
the Lower House of Assembly of Maryland in the Session of October 1722,"
to the well known but rare work of a similar character which Bradford
printed for Thomas Bordley, Esq., in the year 1725. In the October session
of 1724, three days before the occurrence which has been spoken of in the
foregoing sentences, the delegates in the resolution cited below had pro-
vided for the publication of such of their proceedings as had to do with the
English statutes in Maryland and related constitutional matters. "It be-
ing proposed," the journal records,

"that for the more effectually publishing the Resolves and the Address relating to the

. J., October 13, 1724, Archives of Maryland, 35: 102.

[56]

Zengers ^Maryland Venture • The Earliest ^Assembly Proceedings

Constitution of Maryland, the same may be printed, Resolved that any person have the
Jberty of printing them that will undertake the same."1

In spite of the invitation thus cordially extended, no one seems to have
volunteered to assume the risk of the publication, so that as the session
drew near to its close the delegates found themselves compelled to request
Dne of their own number, Thomas Bordley, a leader in their struggle, to
and to have printed a collection containing the Charter and "such of
the Debates & proceedings of the three Sessions of this Assembly as relate
to the Government or Judicature of this Province,"2 a request "which the
said Thomas Bordley Esqr being present promised his Endeavour to per-
form." A year later the journal records that Mr. Bordley brought into the
House several printed copies of the "proceedings of the Lower House in the
fears 1722/1723: 1724 relating to the Government and Judicature of this
province . . . ," and in receiving them, it was entered on the book that

. . . this House . . . unanimously return their thanks to the said Thomas Bordley
Esqr for his Extraordinary Care and pains in making a Collection of the said proceedings
and Composing the preface thereto and getting them printed for the publick Service . . ."3

This collection of debates printed by Andrew Bradford of Philadelphia
is a vital document in the constitutional history of the Province. Further-
more the series of Votes and Proceedings , the publication of which began
a year later to be regularly provided for by the Lower House, and which
has continued without serious interruption until the present time, traces
its origin to this compilation of legislative debates on the "Government
and Judicature" of Maryland.

1 L. H. J., October 10, 1724, Archives of Maryland, 35: 99. The author has assumed, as the narrative indicates
at this point, that this resolution of October 10, 1724, was carried into effect when the delegates requested
Thomas Bordley to edit and have printed his well known compilation containing the Charter and such of the
debates and proceedings of 1722-1724 as related to the government and judicature of the Province. With equal
force, however, this resolution may be said to refer to the "printed Copys of the Address and the Resolves of the
Lower House in October Assembly 1722" which were produced in the House on October 13, 1724, and "well
approved of in the manner as they are now printed." Before accepting the second interpretation of the docu-
ments, however, it is well to recall that as far as is known there was no printing press in Maryland in October 1724,
and that it would have been almost impossible to have sent copy to Philadelphia and received in Annapolis a
printed paper of several pages in the interval between October loth and October I3th. The alternative interpre-
tation is that some person acting without authority had printed the "Address and Resolves," and that becoming
aware of this the delegates had confirmed his action by an ex post facto resolution; that is the resolution of Octo-
ber loth, thus making it possible for the publication to be presented for approval on October I3th.

2L. H. J., October 29, 1724, Archives of Maryland, 35: 149.

SL. H. J., October 7, 1725, Archives of Maryland, 35: 303. For a valuable discussion of the contention over
the English Statutes, the reader is referred to Sioussat, St. G. L., The English Statutes in Maryland (Johns Hop-
kins Studies in Historical and Political Science, Series XXI, Nos. n and 12, Baltimore, 1903). Mr. Sioussat's
suggestion that probably the preface to the collection described above was the work of Daniel Dulany, the Elder,
does not seem to be borne out by the extract from the House Journal in which its composition is specifically
attributed to Bordley.

[571

*A History of Printing in

THE END OF THE FIRST PERIOD OF MARYLAND PRINTING HISTORY

The publication in 1725 of the "proceedings of the Lower House" under
Bordley's editorship brings to a close the first period of Maryland printing
history. Except for unrelated and unsustained researches by various per-
sons, these four decades hitherto have been neglected by American typo-
graphical annalists. Even in this day when the evidence of the provincial
documents is accessible to every investigator, it is frequently affirmed that
printing was not carried on in Maryland during the years in which William
Nuthead, Thomas Reading and John Peter Zenger were active there in the
prosecution of their trade. It is believed that the foregoing statement of
the operations of these men removes the reality of their printing activity
from the field of debate. In the next chapter, almost the central point of
the narrative, will be assumed the pleasant task of recording the work of
William Parks, a notable printer with whose coming to Annapolis in 1726,
Isaiah Thomas commenced his sketch of Maryland printing.

[58]

CHAPTER SIX

William 'Parks ^Becomes ^Printer to His Lordship and the 'Province —
The Collected Laws of IJ2J — The First <L%Cary land News-
paper— The Early Tie lies Lettres of<^fCaryland

HE expression of gratitude by the Assembly for his edi-
torial work, performed in 1725 in connection with the
volume of "Debates and Proceedings," did not close the
account between Thomas Bordley and the Province, for
very soon after he had been publicly thanked for this ser-
vice, he put the people of Maryland under an even greater
obligation by his initiative and diligence in procuring for
•them a permanent resident printer. One month after the incident which
has been referred to, the delegates, begging concurrence in their expressed
approval of his action,1 informed the Upper House that Mr. Bordley had
sent for a printer on the encouragement given by the resolutions of 1722
and 1723. The Upper House sent down its note of agreement immediately,
and one assumes that Bordley now gave the word to his printer to trans-
port himself and his equipment to the Province. In the next session of the
Assembly there appeared before the delegates Mr. William Parks, an Eng-
lish printer whose intelligence and enterprise gave impetus to the literary
progress which occurred in the colonies of Maryland and Virginia during
the ensuing decade.

Isaiah Thomas is authority for the statement that William Parks was
born in England and bred to the composing stick before leaving his native
land.2 Where was his initial employment in America, whether he worked
first in Pennsylvania or in one of the northern colonies, or whether he came
directly to Maryland are questions concerning him which have not been
answered. It is possible that he was a journeyman in the shop of Andrew
Bradford, where Bordley may well have become acquainted with him dur-
ing the printing in that establishment of the "Debates and Proceedings"
of 1725, but in truth this conjecture is based upon no real evidence. Indeed,

1 U. H. J., November 6, 1725, Archives of Maryland, 35: 289.

* Thomas, 1st ed., 2: 143. See also note 2, on page 73 of this narrative.

C59]

*A History of Printing in (Colonial ^Maryland

there is, in general, a paucity of personal details in our knowledge of this
outstanding figure in American typographical history. The surname of Ele-
anor, his wife, is conjectural, and there is uncertainty also in regard to his
descendants. He left at his death a daughter, Eleanor, who married John
Shelton of Hanover County, Virginia, and became the mother of Sarah
Shelton, who was presumably the first wife of Patrick Henry. At Parks's
death his estate was found to be almost valueless. In the accounts filed in
connection with its settlement mention was made of a sum paid Mr. Mac-
nemara of Maryland for his services in connection with docking the entail
of a tract in that Province known as "Park Hall,"1 and of a lot in the city
of Annapolis. This bare outline and the circumstances of his death com-
prise practically all that is known of importance in the personal life of Wil-
liam Parks.2

MARYLAND PUBLIC PRINTING ASSUMES A NEW DIGNITY
WITH THE COMING OF PARKS

Soon after the establishment of the Parks press in Annapolis, the office
of public printer of Maryland assumed a dignity which formerly it had not
possessed. Until this time the work and remuneration of the several resi-
dent printers had been determined at successive meetings of the Assembly
by ordinance and resolution, but in the session of October 1727, the status
of Parks as provincial printer, his duties in and salary for the performance
of that office were fixed by statutory enactment, as always thereafter were
the status, duties and salary of his successors. Two years were to pass, how-
ever, before the passage of this, the first law for printing in Maryland, but
from the very beginning of his residence, the relations between printer and
Assembly took on a more businesslike character than had pertained to
them in earlier days. In the March Assembly of 1725/26, Parks made def-
inite proposals as to the terms under which he would operate his press in
the service of the Province. In briefer form than in the original, these "pro-
posals3 humbly offer'd by William Parks" were as follows:

i. He would print the session laws of each Assembly for the sum of two
thousand pounds of tobacco from each county, one copy to be delivered to

'his tract, in what was then Prince George's County, was surveyed for William Parks on April 9, 1731. It
d 1,550 acres, .t » not to be confused with another "Park Hall" surveyed for James Carroll on Novem-

B M™ ( 'R u* m uat '! "°]T Carro11 County' the earliest surv£y ofland made in that countv- Mr- William

bv w2 R M" P . JX transmitted the ^egoing facts to the author. See also The Old Indian Road,

by Wil i. Marye, Part i, Maryland Historical Magazine, June 1920

uJTrZZl ,73, th'S "arfarve- See also references in Thomas, both editions; and in the William and
'.. Yn ?r V ?: r • S and the inventory and accounts of nis estate are preserved in the Court

Yorktown, Va. Cop.es are m the Maryland Historical Society.
H. J., March ai, 1725/26, Archives of Maryland, 35: 475-476.

[60]

William Parks, Public Printer oftJxCaryland and Virginia

each of the members of the Assembly, the Commissioners of the Peace and
the justices of the County Court.

2. He would print journals, votes, speeches, etc., at a price per sheet later
to be fixed.

3. If the first two proposals were accepted, and if he were given fair as-
surance of a permanent establishment in Maryland, he would print a whole
body of the laws hitherto made in the Province and ease the public of the
charge of it and himself run the hazard of its publication by subscription.

Upon receipt of these proposals, the two Houses appointed a joint com-
mittee to treat with Parks on their separate articles or on "whatever else
should be thought necessary for his encouragement in the Service of the
Country." There was dissension among the conferees as to the acceptance
of the second article of the proposals, and reaching a deadlock in the discus-
sion of its terms they agreed finally to refer it back to the consideration of
both Houses. The first article of the proposals, with its very much greater
rate of payment than previously had been considered necessary, they ap-
proved with the qualification that the two thousand pounds of tobacco from
each county were to be paid by the year and not by the session as the printer
had proposed. In regard to the third article, they recommended that the
body of laws should be published at the public charge, and that the printer
should be paid for them at the rate of twenty-four shillings a copy, the distri-
bution of the copies to be the same as that prescribed for the session laws.1
The conferees of the Lower House reported to the delegates that they had
proposed in committee, under the second article, an allowance to the printer
of twenty shillings a sheet for their journals and proceedings, and upon re-
ceiving this report, the House approved it and

"Resolved that the said Parks be allowed after the Rate menconed ... for printing
any the publick proceedings of the last Sessions, And that he be Appointed and have the
Character of publick printer to the province."2

Although they concurred with the delegates on the first and third arti-
cles of the proposals, the Upper House objected to the printing of the jour-
nals and proceedings as "an unnecessary charge to the publick," and in regard
to the title which the printer should bear, their Honors informed the dele-
gates sharply that the Governor had already licensed Parks "to print the
Laws as Printer to his Lordship," and that title, their message said, they
conceived "to be a sufficient distinguishing Character."3

1U. H. J., March 23, 1725/26, Archives of Maryland, 35: 451 and 452.

2L. H. J., March 21, 1725/26, Archives of Maryland, 35: 476 and 477.

3 U. H. J., March 23, 1725/26, Archives of Maryland, 35: 455. In his first issue of the "Proceedings," later to be
described, Parks "played safe" by adopting for himself two titles; in the imprint he described himself as "Printer
to the Right Honourable the Lord Proprietor, and the Province."

[61]

*A History of Printing in Colonial *3£ary land

In objecting to the printing of the Lower House journals, the Upper House
had in mind not so much economy, as was asserted in its message, as a dis-
like of publicity in connection with the Assembly's action on the English
statutes. Long customary in others of the colonies, however, the regular
publication of Assembly proceedings could not be postponed much longer
in Maryland. On receiving the adverse report from the Upper House, dis-
approving their suggestion that the Lower House journals be printed each
session, the delegates acted with the assertiveness customary to them in
the face of opposition to their plans. The clerk recorded their defiance in
these words :

"Notwithstanding which Message, It is Resolved that such of the debates and proceed-
ings of the last Session of Assembly as relate to the Government or Judicature of this Prov-
ince or other materiall publick Affairs thereof be printed at the Charge of the Publick And
thereupon John Beale and Vachel Denton Esqrs. are appointed to Make a Collection of
the Laws now in force to be reduced into one Volumn fit for the press with Marginall notes
and also of the proceedings above menconed and that the printers observe their directions
therein."1

It is clear from what follows that the new printer was in danger of being
torn asunder by the jealousies and antagonisms of the parties. In the next
session of the Assembly, he was brought to the bar of the Lower House to
explain why he had failed to print the proceedings of the last two sessions
in accordance with the terms of the Lower House resolution. In his defence,
he answered that "his Honr the Governour ordered him not (to) print them
until the Bodies of Laws were first finished."2 His Honor the Governor this
year chanced to be Charles Calvert, a relative of the Proprietary, a person-
age who would have been sure to support with all his power of negative
action the policy of a family which was beginning to regard the people of
Maryland as a perverse and ungrateful race. In this instance, one observes
with satisfaction that the determination of the delegates to print their con-
stitutional proceedings was equal to the ingenuity of the Governor in post-
poning tne publication of them, for in the year 1727, after the body of laws
had been published and Charles Calvert had been superseded in his gov-
ernorship by Benedict Leonard Calvert, Parks issued the proceedings3 of
the three sessions of October and March 1725 and July 1726, collected and
edited by Messrs. Beale and Denton, as had been provided for in the origi-
nal resolution of March i725/26.Thevictory was with the delegates; never
afterwards did the Upper House gainsay their "liberty to print."

[62]

. J., March 23, 1725/26, Archives of Maryland, 35: 484 and 485.
t L. H. J., July 14, 1726, Archives of Maryland, 35: 536.
Copy in the Maryland Historical Society probably unique. See bibliographical appendi

William Parks, Public Printer of ^Maryland and Virginia

THE COMPILED LAWS OF 1727

In spite of the lack of harmony between the Houses in regard to his work,
Parks went quietly forward with the execution of the tasks allotted to him
by their resolutions. The laws of the March Assembly of 1725/26 made
their appearance in course,1 and on their last page was an advertisement
in which was announced as forthcoming from Parks's press an edition of the
whole Body of Laws from the beginning of the Province down to the year
1726, of which the price to subscribers was to be twenty shillings a copy.
The edition of the collected laws which he proceeded to publish, probably
in the autumn of 1727, was that which was known in Bacon's day as the
"old Body of Laws," and which until the appearance of Bacon's great work
in 1 765, remained as the most ambitious production of the Mary land press.2
In comparing it with his own larger and more scholarly edition of the laws,
Bacon was not especially complimentary to the earlier collection. "The Su-
periority of the present Edition," he wrote in his Preface,

"will best appear from a Comparison of it with the last mentioned; which, tho' Pub-
lished (as set forth in the Title Page) by Authority, is in Fact very imperfect, and replete
with Errors: The Printer having used no other Copy of the Laws, made before the Year
1719, than that of Bradford's Edition, which was published without any Authority; and
consequently hath adopted, as may appear in several Instances, the Blunders of that Edi-
tion: Which, together with its own Mistakes, make up a considerable Number."

It may have been that the considerable number of mistakes which he
found in "the old Body of Laws" taught Bacon the desirability of making
transcripts for his collection from the original acts, so that through the
blunders of Parks and Evan Jones he attained a height of editorial grace
not reached, or even striven for perhaps, by his predecessors.

THE BEGINNINGS OF A LITERARY TRADITION IN MARYLAND
William Parks became almost immediately an important member of the
provincial society. To give opportunity for discussion of public affairs, to
attempt to form public opinion, are not functions belonging only to the
modern newspaper and publishing house. In the Maryland Gazette, which
he began in 1727, Parks plunged to the heart of the economic problems fac-
ing the Province, and among the early issues of his press was a pamphlet
in which the absorbing question of American politics, the question of the

1 Copy of this edition of the session laws in the Maryland Diocesan Library, Baltimore, is the only one known.

2 In his Maryland Gazette for December, 17, 1728, Parks advertises that he has left a few copies of the Body of
Laws at the regular price of a pistole each. He vents his vexation against those pluralists in office who have hurt
his sales of the book by selling their own duplicates. In the course of the notice, he says that the work was ad-
vertised for publication more than a year ago, which means that it had been published probably in the autumn
of 1727.

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William Parks, Public Printer of^Caryland and Virginia

extension of the English statutes, was treated in a notable plea by Daniel
Dulany the Elder.1 Although he was able to keep on good terms with its
representatives, Parks was not subservient to the government of the Pro-
prietary. He considered himself to be the servant of the Lower House of
Assembly in its constitutional struggles, and all that he did was done boldly
and apparently without regard for the Proprietary influence. The author of
the Sotweed Redivivus, published in Annapolis in 1730, commented on the
activity and zeal of the Parks establishment in the lines,
". . . the Press with Schemes does swell,
To make us Thrive at home the better,"

and for once the rough-tongued satirist was guiltless of exaggeration. The
bibliography attached to this narrative, containing, it is believed, by no
means all of the publications issued by Parks during his twelve years of resi-
dence in Maryland, indicates none the less the scope of his service to the
Province. His newspaper, his almanacs, his issues of works of politics, eco-
nomics and religion, of satiric verse and vers de societe bespeak him a man
of public spirit, and a printer in whom literary appreciation was joined to
business enterprise.

The beginnings of the Maryland literary tradition, fostered by the press
of the new printer, rest upon the work of Richard Lewis and Ebenezer Cooke,
two writers whose names are almost unknown in other connections. On
March 1 8th of the year 1728/29, Governor Benedict Leonard Calvert wrote
in these words to his friend Thomas Hearne, the antiquary, who was some-
what disgruntled, it may be observed incidentally, at having to pay 35. 6d.
postage on the letter and the parcel which accompanied it:

"Wee have had here of late a Printing house set up, which I have encouraged with as
much Countenance from the Government as possible. Wee have printed our Body of Laws,
and I herewith send you one of our first issue of the press, a translation of the Muscipula
by one Lewis, a schoolmaster here who formerly belonged to Eaton, a man realy of Inge-
nuity, and to My Judgment well versed in poetry."2

The work here referred to was a satire on the Welsh people, written in
Latin in the mock-heroic style by Edward Holdsworth. Its translation by
Richard Lewis,3 probably a successor of Michael Piper in King William's

1 The Right of the Inhabitants of Maryland to the Benefit of the English Laws. Annapolis, 1728. See bibliographi-
cal appendix.

2 See appendix for title and description. This reference to it is found in Hearne's Collections, 10: 109, from which
it is quoted in the Maryland Historical Magazine, 1 1 : 282.

3 Richard Lewis, who according to Gov. Calvert, was an old Etonian, was in Maryland as early as Octol
1725. He remained there certainly until October 27, 1732, at which time he wrote a letter to England describing
various natural wonders of Maryland. (See Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 37: 69 and 38: 119).
He was a frequent contributor to the Maryland Gazette, from the columns of which several of his pieces were
reprinted. See Maryland Historical Society Fund Pub. No. 36 and Maryland Historical Magazine, *>: 71.

[65]

THE

MARTLAND MUSE.

CONTAINING

L The Hiftory of Colonel NATIANXII. BACOW'I Rebellion
in r/RG/NI4. Done into Htdibrafliclt Veifc, from
an old MS.

II. The So T WEB D FACTO*, atVoh&toMARrLAXD.
The Third EDITION, Correfied and Amtnded.

By E COOK i, Gent
£^ Cr i/tfif tbat/hall dtfcommend it,

Printed in the Year MJDCQXXXL

PLATE V. Seepage xiii.

William Parks, Public Printer of^hCaryland and Virginia

School, Annapolis, was the first distinctly literary production of the Mary-
land press, and although it has this interest of priority in Maryland literary
bibliography, yet its subject matter is of small concern to modern readers.
It must have been indeed, even at the time of its translation, that its mag-
niloquence was related only distantly to the interests of the Maryland peo-
ple.x After its publication Lewis remained in Maryland for some years, during
which he continued, through the medium of the Parks press, to display his
respectable talent for poetical expression. One of his most praiseworthy
effusions was an ode, entitled "Carmen Seculare," in which, in well-turned
lines, packed with a description of Maryland and an abstract of its history,2
he welcomed Charles Lord Baltimore on the occasion of that dignitary's
visit to the Province in the year 1732. A very minor poet indeed, Richard
Lewis is yet not a figure to be despised as the founder of a literary tradition.

Of greater importance perhaps than the work of the elegant and conven-
tional Lewis was the satirical verse of Ebenezer Cooke, Gent., who pub-
lished in London in the year 1708 a poem entitled The Sot-Weed Factory or

a Voyage to Maryland. A Satyr In Burlesque Verse* No details remain

by which may be identified this cruel satirist, who came out to Maryland,
he tells us, as a tobacco, or "Sot-Weed" factor, and who, as distaste for the
crude life of the country mingled with his grievances against its inhabi-
tants, wrote in atrabiliar fluid a poem in which the wit was almost obscured
by the bitterness and scurrility which appeared in every line. The picture
of men and manners which he presented in The Sot-Weed Factor was colored
by his mood, but so patently correct are its background and drawing that
the student of Maryland social history must always turn to the contem-
plation of it as an important element in his studies.

With the passing of the years, Cooke's spleen subsided. In the year 1730,
there was written by "E. C. Gent.," and printed by William Parks, a satire,
The Sotweed Redivivus, in which there was less wit than was apparent
in the earlier work, and less scurrility, and in which bitterness was sup-
planted by a spirit of constructive criticism of local politics and trade. That
at this time, however, Cooke was not in any sense repentant of his earlier

/• 1 r l_

and more vindictive criticism of the Province, appears from the fact that
in 1731 he republished The Sot-Weed Factors a volume entitled The Mary-

1 In referring to it in his Diary, Hearne noted under date of August 7, 1732, "Twas printed at Annapolis that
year and is one of the first things ever printed in that Country." In The Remains of Thomas Hearne, Bl
London, 1869, 3: 90.

2 A large portion of this ode was reprinted in American Museum for 1789, 6: 413.. under title of "A Descrip-
tion of Maryland." For an account of the original edition, see bibliographical appendix of the present work.

3 See Maryland Historical Society Fund Pub. No. 36, Early Maryland Poetry , edited by Bernard C. Steiner.

[67]

of Printing in Colonial tJtfary land

land Muse? which Parks printed in his Annapolis establishment. In a note
at the conclusion of this volume, described on its title-page as the third
edition, the author thanked his friends and benefactors for the encourage-
ment which they had given him and promised the publication of an annual
collection under the same title. No traces remain, however, either of a
second volume of the series, or of the two earlier editions of the first vol-
ume. A part of its contents was a poem entitled and described as "The
History of Colonel Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia, Done into Hu-
dibrastick Verse from an old Ms." One is fain to accept the pedigree for
this poem which is provided in the pleasant, punning address indited by an
unknown "H. J." to its author, E. Cooke, Gent. There are few who will
not be amused by the lines which follow:

To THE AUTHOR.*
Old Poet,

As you may remember,
You told me sometime in September,
Your pleasant Muse was idly sitting,
Longing for some new Subject fitting
For this Meridian, and her Inditing,
Worth Praise and Pence, for Pains in Writing.
I therefore (thinking it great Pity
A Muse should pine, that is so witty)
Have sent an old, authentick Book,
For Her in Doggrel Verse to Cook;
For since it never was in Print,
(Tho' wondrous Truths are written in't)
It may be worthy Clio's Rhimes,
To hand it down to future Times.
You know what never-fading Glory,
Old Salust got by Catlin's Story;
The Fame Hyde gain'd, I need not tell y'on,
By's Hist'ry of the Grand Rebellion:
You know how Butler's witty Lays
Procur'd for him immortal Praise:
I'll add no more — But if you please, Sir,
Attempt the same for Ebenezer,
Which you may gain, or I'm mistaken
If you can nicely Cook this Bacon.

H.J.

NY 18810 0/7- cippuimmenr is not Known. ly\er,M.(^.,Htstory <J American Literature.

have been th^ Fk5' dlscu!fs1Cooke and his satires. Nothing is known of Cooke besides his writings. He may
have bee that Ebenezer Cooke who was resident in St. Mary's City in 1693.

Muse. C * Wefe C0p'ed f°r this work from the uni(lue British Museum copy of The Maryland

[68]

William Parks, Public Printer of ^Maryland and Virginia

One would like to know more of this "Old Poet" and his friends. Indeed
the little group of essayists, versifiers and political writers who gathered
around William Parks, the Annapolis publisher, has an interest for the stu-
dent of American literary beginnings which on the personal side, at least,
has never been satisfied.

The

MarylandG azette

From Tuefd&7 December 24, to Tuefday December 31,1728.

(Numb. LXVill

He tlti irunt 1rtti ; fiuifymt i<Hf»*ttt more*.
Panrrt Suijetl,,, cj> itktlUrtfaftrbtt,

Virj.

SIR,

S the Powers of Euroft are folemnly »(•
femhled 10 fettle the Peace, anJ adjuft
the Rights of all the contending Prince*,
it m iy not be thought unfeafonahle to of-
fer fome moJeS ConjeSurei on ihit Af-
fair :' Poflibie it may influence a better
Enquiry ; and the lead Attention in this

^SPS^^ Cafe »ill afford uv a I'rofpea fufficienily
delig'uful, and far, very far from Precarious.

Fret to hi< Pom in the Mriatitti Sri, anJ other PrnceC(fin>;
«f the like KioJ. Slnll we then, after all this he faugh
to fear the Cfftft will hurt us in thi< Point, .inj eftablifl
a Commerce t!iu> abindon'd by it- beft and moft (anguint
Friend* ?

If Gikr.iit/tr be onr of this Qucffjnn ( and ir wotiM be mnfl
CTtn».->£.int to think it a Point in T^brte ) c.'ie Lolfdi of mi?
Merchants and the 5- X Company, will be the only Affjir-
to determine- Att'iin that are noroffuch Importance a« to
embroil us or keep ut long in Sufpence . 'tit joft that »f
fhoold fir II refer thefc to an amicable Mediation, and it
that fnouM ful ut, we may then recur to Artm • But the
Crown of Sri,un it not in any Condition to withftand ut
when we come to Blows and will hardly crer hiznrd did
a. d.ingcrou$ Iliuc : ic will coft them fn much Blood and

PLATE Va. Seepage xiii.

PARKS'S Maryland Gazette, THE FIRST NEWSPAPER SOUTH
OF PENNSYLVANIA

Principally, however, was the Province indebted to Parks for his estab-
lishment of its first newspaper. In the month of September 1727, appeared
the inaugural issue of the Mary land Gazette y the first newspaper to be pub-
lished south of Pennsylvania, and the seventh to attain regular publication in
English America. It was issued continuously until March 1730/31, when it
seems to have been discontinued to resume publication again nearly two
years later, in December 1732. At this time its proprietor formed a part-

[69]

iA History of Printing in

nership with Edmund Hall1 which enabled him to extend his interests in
Maryland without neglecting those newly established elsewhere. After-
wards, when in the summer or autumn of 1733 the partnership was dis-
solved, Parks alone carried on the paper until what was probably its last
issue on November 29, 1734-2

The first Maryland newspaper was by no means a contemptible journal.
While in England in 1730, Parks arranged for regular foreign correspon-
dence for its columns,3 and close at hand in Maryland he had some of the
leading men in the colony, in whose contributions, usually in the form of
letters, were discussed the local and colonial politics and questions of eco-
nomics and trade. Furthermore, for his department of belles lettres he had
always nearby Ebenezer Cooke, Richard Lewis and other regular contribu-
tors, whose weekly poems and essays gave an undeniable tone to the pub-
lication, howbeit that tone was frequently stilted and self-conscious, in the
manner of an age when, abhorring to write naturally, men gave themselves
up to an obsession for elegance and urbanity. It is unnecessary to remark
on the value to the historian of the remaining copies of Parks' s Maryland
Gazette, for in that mirror is reflected the life of the Province during a period
of years which were representative of the first half of the century. One re-
s' sts with difficulty the temptation to philosophize the matter of its yel-
lowed pages.

OTHER ACTIVITIES OF PARKS IN MARYLAND, AND HIS
DEPARTURE FOR VIRGINIA

To the activities of Parks as publisher and printer were added, as was
customary in America at this period, those of bookseller and bookbinder.

1 Little is known of this Edmund Hall who appeared in the imprint of the Maryland Gazette and elsewhere in
1732 and 1733 as the partner of William Parks. On July 13, 1732 (L. H. J.), "Mr. Edmund Hall a printer in
Partnership with Mr. Parks is Allowed to print the Votes of this Session for the Usual Allowance," and again
on March 14, 1732/33, a similar permission was granted Mr. Hall, "Conditionally that he print them Daily."
The partnership must have been dissolved soon after this, for Hall's name disappeared from the imprints of the
Parks establishment and, as before, Parks printed alone. He may have been retained as manager of the Annap-
olis establishment, however, for on April 27, 1737 (L. H. J.), Mr. Hall again was authorized to print the Lower
House proceedings. Nothing is heard of him after this, and his name only was known to Isaiah Thomas. Even
less than this, however, is known of Mr. Webb, who in 1736, "agreed to print the Votes of the Lower House of
Assembly this Session at the usual Allowance." This may have been Parks's foreman or the manager of the An-
napolis branch of the establishment. When Parks went to Virginia to petition the Assembly in 1727, George
Webb, Gent., was appointed to prepare the laws of that colony for the press. He was employed by the Virginia
Assembly for similar tasks for several years afterwards. It is possible that he and Parks formed a connection.
here was also a George Webb, journeyman printer, in Philadelphia in 1728, but he is supposed to have returned
efore the date named above. John Webb, bookseller and publisher of Philadelphia a decade later,
only other person of the name who seems in any way to have been connected with printing or the allied
trades in this time and place.

* Evans, No. 2899; Brighatn, C. S., Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1600-1820. (Part III.) In Proceedings

American Antiquarian Society, April 1915.
Advertisement, Maryland Gazette, June 9, 1730. Evans, No. 2899.

[70]

William Parks, Public Printer of<3*Caryland and Virginia

He advertised himself as one "Who binds old Books very well, and cheap,"
and in the same advertisement announced that he had for sale "A parcel
of very curious Metzotinto Prints" at reasonable rates^He imported books
from London to sell to his Maryland customers, and in the case of certain
religious works such as primers and catechisms, he seems to have imported
the sheets, later to be folded and sewed in his own establishment. It is prob-
able that as bookseller, he had for sale a variety of other articles, for the
booksellers of the time traded busily in small stores of the unclassified sort;
Bradford2 of Philadelphia had in his stock such dissimilar articles as whale-
bone, live goose feathers, pickled sturgeon, chocolate and Spanish snuflF,
while a few years later, Hugh Gaine3 of New York dealt in everything from
medicines to flutes and fiddle strings.

Until the year 1737, when he was brought to book by the House, the re-
lations of Parks with the Assembly were such as to indicate that his merits
were appreciated by that body,4 while on his part there seems to have been
no dissatisfaction with his treatment by its members. Almost from his first
coming to Maryland, however, Parks had recognized the possibilities of
greatly increasing his business by uniting with it the printing of the colony
of Virginia. He made tentative proposals to the Virginia Assembly for its
printing work in the year 1727, and so well were his proposals received that
three years later he set up in Williamsburg a branch office of his Maryland
establishment. Eventually, the new office overshadowed the old in impor-
tance, so that Parks began to neglect his Maryland business in favor of
that of the colony to which later he was to transfer all of his interests. In
an act of the Maryland Assembly of April 1737, wherein he was still de-
scribed as "of the City of Annapolis," it was set forth against him that he
had neglected to print the laws of the previous session, and that because of
this neglect the Province had been put to the expense of having the laws of
that session transcribed. As a consequence of this defection by the printer,
it was enacted that thereafter the counties should not pay him unless he
should have delivered the printed laws within four months after the con-
clusion of each session. This was the last incident in connection with the

1 Maryland Gazette, July 15, 1729.

2 Thomas, ist ed., 2: 31.

3 Ford, P. L. ed., Journals of Hugh Gaine, Printer. 2 v. 1902, 1 : 27 and 28.

4 In the first appendix to this narrative is to be found a copy of the Act of 1727 for the encouragement of Wil-
liam Parks, the first enactment on the Maryland statute book in which provision is made for printing. Following
it is an abstract of later printing legislation in the Province. Isaiah Thomas, ist ed., 2: 128, asserts that Parks
was paid two hundred pounds a year by the Maryland Assembly. With tobacco at ten shillings a hundred in
1730 (Archives of Maryland, 37: 136) it is probable that Parks's allowance of twenty-four thousand pounds ot
tobacco from the counties for printing the laws, and his extra allowance from the Lower House for pnr
votes and proceedings amounted to about the sum specified by Mr. Thomas.

*A History of Printing in Colonial zJtfary land

work of William Parks in Maryland, and very soon after the passage of the
act of admonition, having in the meantime, however, rectified his negli-
gence by printing the acts of April I736,1 he removed his entire establish-
ment to Virginia, leaving the Province of Maryland without a printer. In
November 1737, at the close of a letter to a correspondent in Philadelphia,
Governor Ogle wrote "as we have not a Press here at present, I have given
Directions to the Bearer of this to get a good Number of Proclamations
printed in Philadelphia."2

PARKS ESTABLISHES PRINTING ON A FIRM BASIS IN VIRGINIA

Closely identified as Parks is with the Province of Maryland, his name
is even more intimately associated with the literary history of Virginia than
with that of the sister colony. Virginia had been without a printer since the
failure of Nuthead's venture at Jamestown in the year 1683," and when in
February 1727, Parks presented to the Virginia Houseof Burgesses his pro-
posals for printing a collection of its laws, and its session laws of succeeding
years, his tentatives met with immediate and intelligent approval by that
body. A committee composed of some of the leading men of the colony was
appointed to arrange the details of the publication with the printer, and
when the work finally appeared in the year 1733, Parks had been for three
years an important personage in the Virginia capital, between which and
Annapolis he was then dividing his time and energies. In the year 1732 he
was allowed by the Virginia burgesses an annual salary of one hundred and
twenty pounds, a rate of payment at which he continued to serve the col-
ony until the year 173 8, when, as the result of a petition which he presented
to the Assembly, his emolument was increased to two hundred pounds. In
1742 he was allowed two hundred and thirty pounds, and again in 1744 his
increasing importance in the colony was recognized by the addition of fifty
pounds annually to this sum, so that in his last six years of life, his salary
for public work was two hundred and eighty pounds a year. In his petition
for a larger salary, addressed to the Virginia Assembly on December 5,
1738, he asserted that he had relieved the colony of the "Drawback of the
Duty upon Paper." It is possible that he referred in this statement to the
paper mill which he is known to have established at Williamsburg, the first
paper mill, it should be said, to be built in English America south of Penn-

*See the bibliographical appendix under the year 1736, where this set of session laws is recorded with date of
March 19, 1735.

2 Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, 1851, 4: 253.

'Evans, No. 1057, records a pamphlet printed by Fr. Maggot of Williamsburg in 1702, but as nothing can be
discovered concerning such a person or press, he concludes the name to be an ironym.

[72]

William Parks, Public Printer of^fCaryland and Virginia

sylvania. It is generally believed, however, that Parks's paper mill was not
established until the year I744.1

Although late in the field, the Virginia press soon obtained a position of
importance among the typographical establishments of the colonies. Parks
was a neat printer and an intelligent man of affairs. In Maryland he had
been the first to establish a newspaper, and to print works of a literary
nature; in Virginia also, he was the pioneer journalist, and to his publica-
tion of works of belles tettres, he added those of history and general litera-
ture. Copies of his Williamsburg edition of Stith's History of Virginia^
published in 1747, are among the much sought after items of Americana;
Typographiay an ode on printing by J. Markland, which he published in
1730, would bring a great price as the first American contribution to its
subject if the single known copy of it should ever emerge into the auction
room from the shelves of the John Carter Brown Library. For his more
important works he chose an excellent quality of paper, and in general his
typographical execution was neat and dignified. His session laws of both
colonies present a good appearance, and his edition of the Laws of Virginia,
printed in the year 1733, contends f°r &rst place in typographical excellence
with two or three other well known works of the first half of the century.

Until his death in the year 1750, Parks continued to fill an important
place in the public life of Virginia. In the course of a voyage to England
undertaken in this year, he came down with a pleurisy and died after a
short illness. His body was carried to England and there buried. That his
labors after all had been unrewarded may be inferred from the fact that at
his death his assets were found to be slightly more than six thousand pounds,
while his liabilities were only a few pounds less than this amount.2 There
was no printer of his day, however, Franklin alone excepted, whose service
to typography and letters in America presents a greater claim on the inter-
est and gratitude of posterity.

1 See Weeks, L. H., History of Paper Manufacturing in the U. S., 1690-1916, N. Y. 1916, for an account of
the first Virginia paper mill, particularly the verses from the Virginia Gazette quoted there, in which praise of
the enterprise of Parks is united to a plea for rags to be used in the mill. Many will be amused at this jocular
admonition to men and maidens to contribute their worn linen to Mr. Parks's mill. This mill probably continued
in operation until Parks's death, for it was sold by his executors for £96, 35. 9d.

2 For information as to Parks in Virginia, consult the Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, [for the
years 1727-1758]. Richmond, 1909-1910; Thomas, History of Printing in America; William and Mary College
Quarterly, 7: 10-12; Weeks, L. H., History of Paper Manufacturing in the U. S., 1690-1916. N. Y. 1916. See also
his will and inventory and accounts in the Court House, York Town, Va. Copies of these are in the Maryland
Historical Society.

After this account of William Parks had been set and paged, and consequently when it was too late for an
extensive investigation, the author came upon a clue which may lead to the discovery of the origin and early life
of this interesting printer. In the Catalogue of an Exhibition of Books— Illustrative of the History & Progress of
Printing and Bookselling in England, 1477-1800, Held at Stationers' Hall, 25-29 June 1912, by the International

[73]

<iA History of Printing in Colonial <Maryland

Association of Antiquarian Booksellers, item No. 895 is an edition of Jones, S., The Most Important Question,
What is Truth, printed by William Parks at Ludlow in Shropshire, England, in 1719-20. The editor of the cata-
logue has appended this note: "The first book printed at Ludlow. The printer afterwards emigrated to America
and started printing at Annapolis." Immediately after perusing this entry, the author began a search in avail-
able histories of Ludlow and Shropshire for verification of the statement as to the identity of William Parks of
Ludlow and Annapolis, but in the short time at his disposal secured no definite information. He discovered,
however, that at a short distance from the town of Oswestry in Shropshire there is a celebrated "half-timbered"
mansion known as "Park Hall," and that there is another "Park Hall" in Bitterley near Ludlow. Recalling, as is
stated in this narrative, that on April 19, 1731, a tract known as "Park Hall" was surveyed in Maryland for
William Parks, and knowing the tendency of the colonial American to name his tract after some English estate
dear or familiar to him, he felt that he was in the way of throwing light of an interesting nature on the early life
of this emigrant printer. Through the kindness of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, examination
was made of the parish registers of Oswestry in the Shropshire Parish Register Society (Diocese of St. Asaph
series), but with negative results, except to show that Parks was a common name in that neighborhood, as it
seems to have been also in the neighborhood of Bitterley.

This evidence is so slender in amount and character that the author hesitates to add to it more of the same
nature, but the fact that among the slaves left by William Parks was a negro man named "Ludlow" seems to
have sufficient significance to justify its inclusion among the other indications of the identity of Willia m Parks,
printer of Annapolis, Maryland, and William Parks, printer of Ludlow, England.

Through Messrs. B. F. Stevens & Brown of London the following additional information has been received
concerning William Parks, the first printer of Ludlow, England: The Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, Honorary Secre-
tary of the Shropshire Parish Register Society, writes that the Ludlow Parish Register records the baptism on
March 20, 1719/20 of "William, son of William Parks and Elianor." This was doubtless the son of William Parks
the Ludlow printer. The connection which this entry provides between William Parks of Ludlow and William
Parks of Annapolis lies in the name of the wife, which is given as Eleanor in the will of the Maryland and Vir-
ginia printer (Wills and Inventories, 20: 183, 1746-1759 in Court House, Yorktown, Va., dated March 30, 1750.)
No son was mentioned in this will. Mr. Fletcher communicated the matter of the inquiry to Henry T. Weyman,
Esq. F. S. A. of Fishmore Hall, Ludlow, who transmitted to him in reply some interesting facts as to the activi-
ties of William Parks of Ludlow. Mr. Weyman writes in reference to this Parks that he was the publisher of the first
newspaper of Ludlow, probably the first in Shropshire, entitled "The Ludlow Post-Man. Or the Weekly Jour-
nal." Some copies of this newspaper are in the British Museum and a reproduction of the first page of its first
issue was printed in Cassell's Family Magazine in October 1896, p. 885. In this reproduction of No. I, the date of
publication is given as Friday, October 9, 1719, and the introductory address of its publisher is signed "Typogra-
pher." One familiar with Park s Maryland Gazette, seeing this reproduction, will notice immediately the similar-
ity in the arrangement of the two headings; that is, the title centered between two decorative and symbolical
woodcuts, representing Neptune and Mercury in the Maryland Gazette, a mounted postman and the arms of
Ludlow in the Ludlow Post-Man. The imprint of this journal is "Ludlow published by William Parkes." Mr.
Weyman refers to an announcement by W. Parkes in 1720 of the forthcoming publication by him of a "Prospect
of the Demi Collegiate Church of Ludlow," price one shilling.

In an article on "English Provincial Presses" (part 3) in Bibliographica, vol. 2, pp. 301-303, W. H. Allnutt
discussing Parks's Ludlow press adds the following note: "William Parks afterwards printed at Hereford and
Reading, emigrated to America, died on his return voyage to England, and was buried at Gosport, April i, 1750."
Under the heading "Hereford" and the date 1721, Mr. Allnutt gives the following title: Pascha, or Dr. Prideaux's
vindication of the Rule and Table for finding Easter . . . briefly examined. By a Well-WiSher to the Starry Science
. . . Hereford: I'rinted by Will. Parks. (1721). 8vo. [Bodl.]; and under the heading "Reading," date 1723, he re-
cords the title of Parks's second newspaper venture; namely, "Vol. I. Numb. i. The Reading Mercury, or Weekly
Entertainer. Monday July 8, 1723. Reading: Printed by W. Parks, and D. Kinnier, next Door to the Saracen's-
head, in High-street. 410. [Nos. 1-8 in the Bodleian Library.]"

The author regrets the fragmentary form in which the information in the above paragraphs has been con-
veyed to his readers, but the exigencies of the situation permitted no other method. He is conscious that in this
note there is to be found no legal proof of the identity of William Parks of Ludlow, Hereford and Reading with
William Parks of Annapolis and Williamsburg, but he believes that taken together the several facts set forth
above justify one in thinking of the Annapolis printer as "William Parks, printer and journalist of Ludlow,
Hereford, Reading, Annapolis and Williamsburg."

[74]

CHAPTER SEVEN

Cjreen, ^Printer to the 'Province — Cjreen and Hind— Thomas
Sparrow, the First ^Cary land Engraver— ^Anne
(Catharine Cjreen and her Sons

HEN Governor Ogle sent to Philadelphia in November
1737 to have printed certain Maryland proclamations1,
there was employed in that city, either in the shop of
Franklin or in that of Bradford, a young journeyman
printer who had lately come to Pennsylvania from New
England, where for generations the men of his family had
been engaged in operating the presses of the Puritan col-
onies. It is possible that through having been employed on the printing of
these proclamations or of other Maryland papers, young Jonas Green had
learned for the first time of the vacancy in the office of public printer of
Maryland, caused by the recent removal of the Parks establishment from
Annapolis to Williamsburg. Conjecture on this point, however, is unprofit-
able; what concerns us is not the manner in which Green heard of the va-
cancy, but the fact that within a few months after hearing of it, he had
removed to Annapolis and set up an establishment in which for nearly thirty
years thereafter he served the Province of Maryland with a fidelity and
distinction that merit remembrance.

GREEN'S ANCESTRY AND EARLY LIFE

Jonas Green was the great grandson of Samuel Green, who, emigrating to
Massachusetts with Governor Winthrop in the year 1630, settled in Cam-
bridge and became in 1649 successor to the Dayes, father and son, the first
printers in English America.2 For forty-three years Samuel Green contin-
ued as printer to the colony and government of Massachusetts, surrender-
ing his press finally to one of his sons in the year 1692. During these years
he carried out some amazingly ambitious works, among them the publica-
tion in 1 66 1 of Eliot's translation of the New Testament in the Indian dia-

1 See preceding chapter. These proclamations had to do with the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary dispute.

2 Roden, R. F., The Cambridge Printers, 1638-1692. N. Y. 1905.

[75]

*A History of Printing in

lect, followed in 1663 by an issue of the entire Bible in that tongue, a task
tedious and honorable alike to the translator and to the printer. His sons
and their sons continued to print in various towns of the New England col-
onies for several generations, and nearly two hundred years after he had
taken over Daye's press in Cambridge, the sixth generation of his family
was still engaged in printing and publishing in Maryland.

Jonas Green was the fifth son of Deacon Timothy Green, who was a grand-
son of Samuel Green the printer of Cambridge. His mother was Mary Flint.
Jonas was baptized in Cotton Mather's Church in Boston on December
28, 1712. He served an apprenticeship with his father in New London,
whither the Deacon had removed in 17 14, and afterwards worked for a term
of years with his brother, of the firm of Kneeland & Green of Boston.
Whether at the expiration of his articles the young journeyman attempted
to establish himself independently in Boston is not clear, but one infers
that this was his intention from the fact that in 1735 ms name appeared
alone on the imprint of a book intended for the use of the students at
Cambridge. A Grammar of the Hebrew Tongue ', Being an Essay to bring the
Hebrew Grammar into English, . . . byjudah Monis,was an excellently, and,
it is said by authorities in that language, a correctly printed volume of one
hundred pages. The imprint of this, the first Hebrew grammar to be printed
in America, reads, "Boston, N. E. Printed by Jonas Green, and are to be
sold by the Author at his House in Cambridge. MDCCXXXV." It must
have been soon after the printing of this, his only recorded Boston publica-
tion, that Jonas Green proceeded to Philadelphia, where he found employ-
ment with both Franklin and Bradford. "Mr. Jonas Green of Philadelphia,
Printer," was among the subscribers to Thomas Prince's Chronological His-
tory of New England, a work which issued from the press of Kneeland &
Green in Boston in 1736, from which circumstance it may be inferred that
Jonas had been living in Philadelphia for two years at the least when he
removed thence to Annapolis in 1738. He married, April 25, 1738,in Christ
Church, Philadelphia, Anne Catherine Hoof, who was born in Holland and
was brought to America in her early childhood. Jonas and Anne Catharine
Green had six sons and eight daughters1 but eight of their children died in

1Isaiah Thomas sa /s that there were six sons and eight daughters, and the register of St. Anne's Parish re-
cords the baptism of the following fourteen children: John b. 18 October 1738, died infancy; Rebecca b. 22 Sep-
tember 1740, married 2 December 1757 to Mr. John Clapham; Jonas b. 12 February 1741, died in infancy;
Catherine b. 4 November 1743, died in infancy; her godfather was Samuel Soumaien, the silversmith; Marie b.
7 January 1744/5, died in infancy; Mary b. 9 January 1745/6; William b. 21 December 1746, "being named Wil-
liam after the Duke of Cumberland only;" Anne Catharine b. 19 January 1748, died October 5; Frederick b. 20
January 1750, "just as the Guns were Firing on account of the Birth of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales;"
one of his sponsors was the celebrated Dr. Alexander Hamilton of Annapolis, author of Hamilton's Itinerarium;
Deborah b. 19 January 1752, died October 9; her godmother was Mrs. Susanna Soumaien; Elizabeth b. 10 No-

[76]

Jonas (jreen, his Family and his Associates

infancy. The three sons who reached manhood continued in Maryland and
passed on to another generation of their family the typographical tradi-
tion which they had inherited from their New England forefathers.

THE DATE OF GREEN'S COMING TO MARYLAND

That the young journeyman from the north began his labors in Mary-
land sometime in the year 1738 seems to be true in spite of the fact that no
Annapolis imprints of that year have been recorded. As early as May 1738
a bill was introduced into the Lower House providing for the repeal of the
several laws which stood on the books in favor of William Parks, and five
days later, on May pth, another bill was brought in for the encouragement
of Jonas Green. The Assembly was prorogued in this year, as it was also in
the following year, before any of its bills became laws, and it was not until
the session of July 1740 that an act for the encouragement of thenewprinter
found place on the statute books. When Green died in 1767 his obituary
affirmed that he had been for twenty-eight years printer to the Province,
a term of service which, if exactly stated, would have had its beginning in
the year 1739, Dut on tne other hand in a printed petition which he issued
in I762,1 Green himself spokeof havingservedtheProvince as publicprinter
for twenty-four years, while additional evidence that he began his printing
operations in Maryland in the year 1738 is found in an act of Assembly
of ten years later2 in which provision was made for the payment of sal-
aries owing him for his services in that year. Finally, there is to be consid-
ered the fact that in October 1738, the first-born child of Jonas and Anne
Catharine Green was baptized in St. Anne's Church, Annapolis, an occur-
rence which indicates that the Greens were at that time residents of the
Maryland capital. In the face of these several evidences of his association
with Maryland in the year 1738, it seems curious that the earliest recorded

vember 1753, died October 2; Jonas b. 29 August 1755, died of smallpox 26 December 1756; Samuel b. 27 April
1757; Augusta, b. 4 April 1760.

For the foregoing facts relating to the ancestry and early life of Jonas Green, see "Flint Genealogy" by J. L.
Bass; "Brief Memories and Notices of Prince's Subscribers," by Ashbel Woodward, the firt,t in 14: 60 of New
England Historical and Genealogical Magazine, the second in 16: 14 and 1 5 of the same magazine; Isaiah Thomas,
both editions.

See also "Register of Births, Marriages and Deaths," St. Anne's Parish, Annapolis, copy in Maryland His-
torical Society, and "Marriages in Christ Church, Philadelphia," vol. I, in Record of Pennsylvania Marriages
Prior to 18 w, being vol. 8, Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series. See also notice in Maryland Gazette for October
27, 1763, where is announced the death early in the month of Jonas Green's brother Timothy, who^had given
up his partnership with Kneeland of Boston and returned to New London at the time of his father s death in

1 See bibliographical appendix.

2 Acts, 1748. Printed copy in Maryland Historical Society. In an appendix to this narrative will be found ref-
erences to all acts of Assembly concerning Green and Parks, and a concise statement of Green's financial rela-
tions with the Province.

[77]

CONSIDERATIONS

ON THE

PROPRIETY^

OP IMPOSING

TAXES

Britijb COLONIES,

•^ *

For the Purpofe of railing a REVENUE, by
ACT OP PARLIAMENT.

r— *•— Hautt *Tbtum Verba. refignent
'$utfj latet arcan4» nvn

J302t&<-3m£tft&* Printed by a

MDCCLXV.

PLATE VI. Seepage xiii.

Jonas Cjreen, his Family and his Associates

imprints from his press should be the Upper House "Address," the Votes
and Proceedings and the Collection oj the Governor's Several Speeches of the
year 1739.

JONAS GREEN AS CRAFTSMAN AND PUBLISHER

Among the early specimens of Green's handiwork in the Province there
are not many of such a character as to distinguish him from other colonial
printers of his day. His Votes and Proceedings, as was the case usually with
the House journals, were printed unimpressively in a crabbed letter on poor
paper. On the other hand, his Collection of the Governor s Several Speeches
showed a tendency toward that distinction of typographical manner which
one learns to look for in examining his later work. How far he had been in-
fluenced by Franklin in his style is an interesting question which presents
itself at the first view of the Collection, a work which he printed when the
lessons of his service with or near the great Philadelphia printer were fresh
in his memory. Early in his career he was able to procure better equipment
than that in general use in America at this time, but if he had not used his
new fonts and appliances with a serious and thoughtful craftsmanship, the
mechanical aids alone would not have made for him the reputation, which
ultimately he obtained, of being a printer as accomplished as any in the
colonies. One remarks in his work a tendency toward studied simplicity,
almost it might be said, toward austerity. He shortened and simplified the
matter of his title-pages, and discontinued the use of ruled borders in their
composition. He set his pages in broad measure without fussiness or man-
nerism, and imposed them with care for correct register. In the year 1764,
having imported some months previously a rich assortment of Caslon for
use in setting his edition of Bacon's Laws of Maryland, he advertised1 that
thereafter the session laws would be printed in this letter and in the same
style as the Bacon. The first use which he made of the new fonts may have
been the printing of his petition to the Assembly of 1762, mentioned earlier
in this chapter. This broadside was a very handsome specimen of typogra-
phy, and from the time of its publication until the fonts of Caslon had been
worn out by continued use, Maryland public printing remained on a plane
of dignified excellence to which, in spite of the great facility of modern
methods, it has never attained since Jonas Green's day. Isaiah Thomas
said of Green, whom he admired for other qualities also, that "His printing
was correct, and few, if any, in the colonies exceeded him in the neatness
of his work."2

1 Advertisement appended to Acts of 1763.

2 Isaiah Thomas, ist ed., 2: 129.

[79]

*A History of Printing in Colonial tJtCary land

Strangely enough Green seems to have been less versatile as a publisher
than was his predecessor William Parks. In a great measure he confined his
activities to governmental and political business, and although the greatly
increased population of Maryland provided him a wider market than Parks
had been able to count on, yet the breadth of his literary interests seems
to have been less than that of the earlier publisher. An explanation of this
may lie in the circumstance that with the passage of years and the conse-
quent growth of population the governmental business unquestionably had
increased in volume; moreover, it is certain that the editorship and publi-
cation of the second Maryland Gazette ^ which Green established in the year
1745, consumed a great deal of the time and effort which might otherwise
have gone into the conduct of a general publishing business. Green's jour-
nal was a much more elaborate publication than the newspaper which Parks
had issued, and it is probable that he put into its maintenance so much
effort and so much capital that he had little of either left for the continu-
ance of the book trade so auspiciously begun by his predecessor.

THE Civic AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF GREEN

Happily, it is not only as printer that Jonas Green engages our attention,
for in his civic and social character one perceives a distinction as worthy
ot comment as are the qualities of intelligence which he devoted to the pub-
lic service in the practice of his craft. During a part of his residence in An-
napolis he was an alderman of the city, and more than once he was elected
to serve as vestryman of St. Anne's Parish. At the time of his death he was
registrar of the vestry, having held that office several times since his first
election to it in 1746. The vestry proceedings of St. Anne's are full of ref-
erences to his activity in the work of the parish. Did the vestry need some-
thing in Philadelphia, Mr. Green would see that it was sent for; were some
new pews to be put in, Mr. Green would arrange with the carpenter; were
there printing to be done or a prayer book to be bound, Mr. Green, of
course, would attend to that. Indeed both in the church and in the com-
munity at large Mr. Jonas Green was the cheerful and obliging servant of
his neighbors.

For many years postmaster of Annapolis,1 acting sometimes as auctioneer
at the country vendues,2 clerk of entries for the Annapolis races,3 secretary
of the local lodge of Masons,4 vestryman, alderman, journalist, printer, and

1 See colophons to the Maryland Gazette, 1745 et seq.

2 Chancery Depositions. I. R. No. 5, folio 730. Ms. in Land Office, Annapolis.
"Advertisements in Maryland Gazette.

4 Verso of title-page of Brogden, William, Freedom and Love. Annapolis 1750. See bibliographical appendix.

[80]

Jonas Qreen, his Family and his ^Associates

good comrade, there seems to have been no local activity of any impor-
tance in which the "printer to the Province" was not concerned.

It is in the minutes of the Tuesday Club of Annapolis1 that Green as a
social being may be seen at his best. Comprising in its membership some
of the principal gentlemen and leading professional men of the Province,
this typical eighteenth-century Club for many years held fortnightly meet-
ings whereof its secretary, in spite of the prevailing high conviviality, suc-
ceeded in recording minutes as careful as those of a legislative assembly.
In gaining other things, our more sophisticated age has lost something of
the faculty for spontaneous enjoyment possessed by these breeched and
powdered Annapolitans. Echoed through the pages of their treasured record
are the guffaws and chuckles of honest gentlemen at their ease. In their
company one breathes an atmosphere spiced, but not overladen, with the
aroma of hot Jamaica rum and "Lisbon lemons," and peering through the
soft tobacco haze one recognizes the mirthful faces of men seen before only
in some starched and formal part in the Provincial drama. Jonas Green was
a leading spirit in its "sederunts" or meetings. Mock trials, mock orations,
fantastic ceremonies, serio-comic political and literary discussions — these
and the punch formed the material of the fortnightly entertainment. Each
member was known by a grandiloquent title, the significance of which in
many cases does not appear, but "Poet Laureate" and "Master of Cere-
monies" applied to our printer are terms that need no explanation. If the
key were not supplied by the record, however, one might puzzle indefinitely
over the meaning of that subsidiary title, which was represented by a string
of five capital "P's" after his name, but there one discovers that in addi-
tion to the functions named above, Green exercised also in the club those
of "Poet, Printer, Punster, Purveyor andPunchmaker general. "Of his skill
as punchmaker and purveyor we know nothing; of his poetry not much
need be said, but with a full heart, we can return thanks that his printing
was better than his punning, of which a few examples are represented in
the minute book. He has been remembered, however, as a man of wit, and
it does not become one century to judge the humor of its predecessors, lest
in its turn it too be judged. With the knowledge that we gain of him in his
hours of relaxation, he appears to us as a whimsical, good-natured man,
quick of wit, kindly and obliging, the friend and comrade of all his little
world. One may not doubt that the printing office and residence in Charles
Street, the latter still occupied by his descendants,2 formed a rendezvous

1 One large volume and a few sheets of these minutes, in manuscript still, form one of the chief treasures of
the Maryland Historical Society. A smaller volume is in the Ms. Division of the Library of Congress.

2 "The building occupied by Mrs. Anne Harwood, in Charles Street, is said to be the most ancient house n

[81]

zA History of Printing in Colonial ^hCary land

of the "Ancient City" where business and social interests were very pleas-
antly mingled. It is the business which was transacted there, however, which
must again occupy our attention.

GREEN'S MARYLAND GAZETTE, 1745-1777, 1779-1839

The fame of Green as a publisher and printer rests in the main upon his
edition of Bacon's Laws of Mary land and upon his establishment and skill-
ful conduct of the second Mary land Gazette. The latter was a weekly news-
paper which he began to issue in April 1745, and which was continued by
his wife, his sons and his grandson until December 12, 1839, a Peri°d of
ninety-four years, during which this family established a record for long
and useful service which few American newspaper concerns of that day or
of this are able to boast having exceeded.1 Its early imprint read:

Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green at his Printing Office in Charles Street; Where all
Persons may be supplied with this Gazette, at 12/6 a year; and Advertisements of a mod-
erate length are inserted for 53. the First Week, and is. each Time after: and long ones in
proportion.

In the following letter from Green to Benjamin Franklin,2 written not
long after the establishment of the newspaper, are various matters of inter-
est in connection with the Maryland Gazette and its printer's activities:
Duar Sir,

You will receive by this Mail two Packets from Barbadoes, which came inclosed to me
from Mr. Ja. Bingham. One of them incloses the W. India Monthly Packet, which Mr.
Bingham wrote me word he sent open that I might have a sight of it. They came by Capt.
Seager. — Our Assembly added this Session 5 Pounds in each County to my Salary, but added
to the Work likewise, which I am well content with; They give me now 260 Pounds our
Currency a Year; And we are very busy in dispatching the Public Work. I wish I could get
another Hand. — The Assembly has hinder'd me from Time to go to the Courts to collect my
money, otherwise should have got you a Bill by this Time; But as soon as the Public Work
is done, or sooner, will get you a good Bill. I wish I could get another parcel of Paper from

standing in the city. It was used as the printing office of the Maryland Gazette, at its first establishment."
(Ridgely, Annan of Annapolis. 1841, p. 120). The printing house was probably in a detached building. The fol-
lowing excerpt from Riley's Ancient City, p. 119, seems to give support to this supposition. Riley has been dis-
cussing the smallpox ravages in Annapolis in 1756 and 1757. "The family of Jonas Green," he writes, "was
afflicted to such an extent that many of his customers were afraid to take the Gazette, lest they would catch the
disease. Mr. Green, whilst he expressed a doubt as to paper carrying the disease, subsequently stated that peo-
ple 'need not fear to catch the small-pox from the paper, as it was kept all the time a good distance from the
house, and beside the ''isease was now eradicated from his premises.'" The old house is now, 1920, occupied by
Mrs. Nicholas Harwood Green.

1 During the Revolutionary War, from December 25, 1777, to April 30, 1779, the Maryland Gazette suspended
publication. After its resumption it continued without interruption until its final cessation sixty years later in
1839-

2 Franklin Papers, I. 6, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. As far as is known, this letter has not
been published previously in any collection. Permission to use it here courteously has been given by the authori-
ties of the American Philosophical Society.

[82]

'Jonas (jreen, his Family and his Associates

'hiladelphia; a very favorable opportunity now offers; Mr. Daniel Rawlings is gone up the
Jay in a Schooner, and brings down Goods from Philadelphia, and would bring some Paper
:br me. He went up yesterday. If you could send me such a parcel as before I'll get you a
.arge Bill of 40 or 45 £ Sterling and send . . . (one word missing) I likewise want some var-
I nish, (a bottle by the post) and 4 or 5 Pound of Lampblack by Rawlings. — My Paper sinks
fast; we now use 3 or 4 Reams a week. I have about 450 or 460 good Customers for Seal'd
'apers, and about 80 unseal'd. The Virginian's speech made a deal of Laughter here; and
vas well approved of by some in that Colony; how the Baronet himself lik'd it, I have not
aeard. — We have had a Severe Hot Spell of Weather; and I have been a little troubled with
I Fevers; but they are, I hope, gone from me. — We are all well. I hope you are so too, —
| Our hearty Respects to yourself and Mrs. Franklin, not forgetting Miss Sally. — I rejoice
to see that our brave Countrymen are to be rewarded for their Expense in taking Cape
Breton. I am, Dear Sir,

Your obliged Friend

and humble Serv.
Annapolis, July 25, 1747. JONAS GREEN.

One has in this letter a glimpse of the Maryland journalist picking up

•some items of West Indian news for his Gazette? one learns of his relations

with the Assembly, of his weekly circulation figures, of his need for another

journeyman, for paper and more paper, and for the lampblack which he

intended to mix with linseed oil for the manufacture of his printing ink.

j The letter presents a picture of conditions so typical that it might have

been written by any colonial American printer.

Green's conduct of his journal was especially memorable during the troub-
led days when the Stamp Act was requiring the payment of a prohibitive
tax on newspapers and pamphlets. Clearly he considered that then or never
was the time for an exhibition of cheerfulness, and cheerful he succeeded
in being, though with a rueful face. When the ill-judged legislation went
into effect, Green brought out his current number headed, "Maryland Ga-
zette Expiring: In uncertain Hopes of a Resurrection to Life again." On
successive days of issue for three weeks, he published a sheet which he called,
in order of appearance, the first, second and third "Supplement" to the
last regular issue of October loth. Then after a silence of a month or more,
there appeared "The Apparition of the Maryland Gazette, which is not
Dead but Sleepeth." On January joth another number was issued, bear-

lfThe colonial newspapers were in general dependant on "exchanges" for their news of the outside world.
Green was constantly complaining in his columns of the tardiness of other publishers in sending him their papers,
and his subscribers sometimes complained of the staleness of the news received by this method. In winter months
with roads and navigation closed, the size of the Maryland Gazette frequently was reduced to a single
January 14, 1768, Mrs. Green wrote in a note to the public in this journal: "As the Northern Post i
arrived, and the Southern One brought no Mail; and our Rivers, at the same time being frozen up, by which we
are prevented receiving any Articles of Intelligence from the different parts of the Province, we hope i
stand excus'd for this Single Half Sheet."

[83]

<iA History of Printing in Colonial <^hCa

ing the title, "The Maryland Gazette, Reviving," and finally on February
20th appeared, "The Maryland Gazette, Revived." On March 6th came
"The Maryland Gazette" without further witty or indiscreet modification,
and from that time until its ultimate extinction more than eighty years
later, there was only one serious interruption to the issues of this celebrated
newspaper.1 Thomas says of Green's journal: "The typographical features
of this Gazette were equal to those of any paper then printed on the con-
tinent."2

GREEN'S LAST YEARS AND HIS DEATH IN 1767

Throughout the period of his service in Maryland, Green continued to
print the session laws of the Province and the Votes and Proceedings of the
Lower House of Assembly3 together with such other governmental and po-
litical papers as circumstances rendered necessary. His great work, how-
ever, was the printing of that volume frequently referred to in this study,
the edition of the laws compiled by Thomas Bacon. He began the compo-
sition of this book in 1762, and worked at it steadily until its completion
late in the year 1765. In another chapter the printing of this work will be
discussed at length, but there may be quoted at this time the dictum of a
bibliographer who has been referred to several times earlier in this narra-
tive: "This sumptuous volume," says Charles Evans, "is a monument to
the reverend author, and to its printer, as one of the noblest monuments of
printing produced in the American colonies."4

On April 1 6, 1 767, the following notice appeared in \h&Mary land Gazette:

On Saturday Evening last died, at his late Dwelling-House, Mr. Jonas Green, for twen-
ty-eight years Printer to this Province, and Twenty-one years Printer and Publisher of the
Maryland Gazette: He was one of the Aldermen of this City. It would be the highest In-
discretion in us, to attempt giving the character he justly deserved, only we have Reason
to regret the Loss of him, in the various Stations of Husband, Parent, Master and Com-
panion.

In the space beneath this modest notice of the passing of a good man
and an honest and accomplished craftsman, Anne Catharine Green begged
for the continued patronage by the people of Maryland of her press and
newspaper. That this patronage was received the further history of this,
the most famous of Maryland presses gives assurance.

1 Brigham, C. S., Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820. (Part III). In Proceedings oj the American
Antiquarian Society, April 1915.

2 Thomas, Isaiah, under Newspapers, Maryland.

"Until the session of May 1747, the printing of the Votes and Proceedings had been provided for by ordi-
nance or resolution of each session. It became statutory at the session named.
4 Evans, Charles. American Bibliography, No. 10049.

Jonas Qreen, his Family and his ^Associates

GREEN & RIND, PUBLISHERS, 1758-1766

It is proper that while speaking of Jonas Green notice should be taken
of a printer, who was, as far as can be ascertained, the first native-born
Marylander to practice the typographical art in the Province. Unfortu-
nately little is known of the activities in Maryland of this William Rind,1
who for nearly eight years appears in the imprint of the Maryland Gazette
as the partner of Jonas Green. Apprenticed at the usual age to Green, he
had remained in his master's shop after the expiration of his articles, and
eventually in October 1758, he had become Green's partner in the publica-
tion of the Maryland Gazette? During these years he conducted a book store
of no small pretension in the house on West Street, where, his advertise-
ment informs us, "the late Mrs. M'Leod formerly kept Tavern." A long
and interesting list of books imported by him appeared in the Maryland
Gazette for August 26, 1762. In this house he established his circulating li-
brary, where the people of Annapolis, for one guinea a year might borrow
under easy rules new and standard works of English writers. He had origi-
nally proposed a plan for "circulating a Library through the Province,"
but the uncertainty of the local system of transportation had discouraged
him and his subscribers to such an extent that on January 13, 1763, he ad-
vertised in the Gazette his restriction of the privilege to the people of An-
napolis. His relations with his partner and former master seem to have been
particularly close; his name appears more than once in the St. Anne's reg-
ister as sponsor in baptism for the children of Jonas and Anne Catharine
Green, and when their partnership was dissolved in 1766, the several ad-
vertisements regarding the dissolution which appeared in the Maryland
Gazette contained an interchange of the most amiable felicitations between
the two associates.

It was in the year 1758 that the firm of "Green and Rind" was formed
for the purpose of carrying on the newspaper. The junior partner, it seems,
did not enter into the ordinary business of the establishment; his name ap-
peared on none of its imprints except that of the Maryland Gazette. The re-
lationship continued until the year 1766, when at the solicitation of Thomas
Jefferson and others in Virginia, Rind removed to the southern colony.
"Until the beginning of our revolutionary disputes," wrote Thomas Jeffer-

iThe son of Alexander Rind and of Anne his second wife, he was born the 24th of December 1733 and bap-
tized soon afterwards in St. Anne's Church, Annapolis. His father was a member of St. Anne's Parish and was
married by its rector for the first time to Abigail Green, alias Harvey, on the 24th of August 17115. The maiden
name of Anne his second wife does not appear in the "Register" of St. Anne's Parish from which
were abstracted.

2 Advertisement in Maryland Gazette.

[85]

SINGLE and DISTINCT

VIEW

OP THE

C T

JSfi (cCayjOt/ ft T

Vulgarly entitled. THE

ACT :

CONTAINING

An Account of it's beneficial and wholefome Effects in
TOR K- HAMPTON PARISH.

In which is exhibited

.A SPECIMEN of Col. London Carter's JUSTICE and CHARITY \ as well
a» of Col. Richard Blanks SAJLUS POPUII,

By the Reverend JOHN C A M M*
Reftor of TORK-HAMPTON.

fTbough I have the Gift of Prophecy, and under/land all MyJJcrtet^ 'and all Knowledge^
andhavt not Chanty ) I am Nothing. CARTER'S Text.

Ne qutdfalfi dlcere audtatj nt auidveri nan audcat* ELAND'S Motto

'Could nothing but thy chief Reproach^ ferve for a Mott9> SwiFT.

\dnnapolis; Printed by 3!ona,^ ^>cecm for tho Author. 1763

PLATE VII. Seepage xiii.

Jonas Cfreen, his Family and his ^Associates

son to Isaiah Thomas forty-three years later, "we had but one press, and
that having the whole business of the government, and no competitor for
public favor, nothing disagreeable to the governor could be got into it. We
procured Rind to come from Maryland to publish a free paper."1 That Jef-
ferson had not forgotten the situation which existed in 1766 when he wrote
these words in 1809, one learns by reference to the Mary land Gazette at this
period, wherein is to be found a bitter controversy, long extended, between
Royle the Williamsburg printer and certain Virginians who were indignant
with him for refusing to publish their attacks on the local government. In
this connection, one may refer also to the Rev. John Camm's pamphlet on
the Two-penny Act,2 printed by Green in 1763, the appendix of which con-
sists of an interchange of correspondence between Camm and Royle, the
latter giving as his reason for refusing to print the pamphlet the fact that
the gentlemen attacked in it were members of an Assembly which had not
been dissolved at the time that the "copy was submitted."

In Virginia, Rind was soon appointed public printer. He established a
newspaper called, as was the rival paper published also in Williamsburg,
The Virginia Gazette. This journal was published regularly by Rind until
his death on August 19, 1773, after which it was continued for a short time
by Clementina Rind who died within two years of her husband. Thomas
says that Clementina Rind was born in Maryland. If this be true, she is
another woman with Maryland associations to be added to the list of those
who have been referred to in this narrative as proprietors of printing estab-
lishments. One is inclined to wonder sometimes if women have been as
rigorously excluded from opportunity in the past as the apostles of feminism
would have us believe.

THOMAS SPARROW, THE FIRST MARYLAND ENGRAVER

It is to be wished that more could be learned of the life and training of
one of the most interesting of the individuals connected with the Green
establishment;3 namely, that Thomas Sparrow who is remembered as the
first Maryland engraver. Very little, however, is known of his life, and be-
cause of its general artistic inferiority no careful study has been made of
his work. From the antiquarian standpoint, however, both Sparrow and
his work have their interest.

Thomas, 2d ed., i: 336.

2 See bibliographical appendix. Copies in Maryland Diocesan Library and New York Historical Society.

3 Of still another of Green's employees, William Poultney, who several times in May 1762 advertised ir
Maryland Gazette that he bound books very neatly, only the name is known. His bindery was at tl
office."

[87]

<^A History of Printing in Colonial *3&ary land

It is probable that of the several Thomas Sparrows who figure in Mary-
land records, that one with whom this narrative is concerned was born
about the year I746,1 the son of Thomas Sparrow, Gent., of Annapolis, the
codicil of whose will,2 probated in 1753, appointed Walter and Daniel Du-
lany, Jr., and Jonas Green as his executors, and more specifically named
Daniel Dulany as the sole guardian of his son. The Dulanys declined to act
as executors, a refusal which probably, on the part of Daniel, included also
the declination of the post of guardian to the young Thomas. Green seems
to have acted alone as executor of the will,3 and from the fact that the
bonds between Sparrow and the Greens remained close ever afterwards,
one concludes that he assumed as well the guardianship of the orphan. One
loses sight of the boy, however, during his adolescence, so that it may not
be said with certainty where or how he was engaged, but he reappears on
December 13, 1764, when in a land sale advertisement in the Maryland
Gazette for that day, he informs those whom the fact concerns that he is to
be found "at Mr. Green's in Annapolis." It was about this time, too, that he
began the work in engraving, always in conjunction with the Green press,
which is associated with his name.

There is reason to believe that Sparrow had spent the intervening years
learning the art of gold and silver-smithing in the city of Philadelphia, for
on March 21, 1765, an advertisement in the Maryland Gazette asserted that
"Thomas Sparrow Goldsmith and Jeweller From Philadelphia Has Just
open'd Shop near St. Ann's Church in South-East Street Annapolis Mary-
land," and that in this shop were to be made "all Sorts of Gold and Silver
Work," a claim which was fully justified by the long list of specific articles
which followed. The advertisement was headed by a woodcut of a coffee
urn, which as the familiar signature attests, had been engraved by the smith
himself, "T. Sparrow." Curiously enough, only one example of Sparrow's
craftsmanship in the precious metals remains, although he continued to
practise his trade certainly as late as August of the year I767.4 He is re-
membered chiefly because of a few specimens which have been preserved
of his goldsmith's subsidiary art of engraving.

'In Chancery Record, 1774-1784, v. 13, folio 480, Thomas Sparrow in February 1782 deposes that he is 36
years old or thereabout- . Ms. in Land Office, Annapolis.

* Maryland Wills, v. 28, Liber D. D. 7, p. 435, 1751-54. Ms. in Land Office, Annapolis.

On March 8, 1753, Jonas Green advertised in the Maryland Gazette that all claims against the estate of
Thomas Sparrow, late of Annapolis, should be brought to him for settlement. No other executors were mentioned.

The author's attention was called to Sparrow's establishment in Annapolis as a gold and silversmith by Mr.
Howard Sill of Baltimore, the result of whose studies of the lives and work of the Maryland silversmiths is to
be published in a notably beautiful and interesting book. Mr. Sill has in his collection of book-plates the Richard
Sprigg and Gabriel Duvall plates, those very rare examples of Sparrow's work in this department of the engrav-
er s art. Sparrow's last advertisement as a goldsmith appears in the Maryland Gazette for August 13, 1767.

[88]

Jonas (jreen, his Family and his Associates

In the year 1774 Sparrow's name was signed to a petition of certain citi-
zens of Annapolis protesting against that clause in the "non-importation
agreement" which sought to prevent citizens of Great Britain from collect-
ing debts in Maryland until the Boston "Port Act" should have been re-
pealed in Parliament.1 The last glimpse that one has of him is in November
1776, when he was on the Eastern Shore of Maryland acting as a confiden-
tial agent of the Committee of Safety.2

The following extracts from Charles Dexter Allen's American Book-Plates
summarize Sparrow's position and activity in the world of art:

"T. Sparrow was an obscure engraver on wood, who worked at his trade in Annapolis
from 1765 to about 1780, and who did considerable work for "Anne Catherine Green & Son,
Printers," of that town, on title-pages, tail-pieces, etc. He engraved on copper the title-
page for the "Deputy Commissary's Guide of Maryland," published by the above firm in
1774, and which is a creditable piece of work. All the book-plates known at present are on
wood, and they are but two in number: the Richard Sprigg and the Gabriel Duvall, both of
whom were men of prominence in the colonial times, in Maryland."

Elsewhere in the same work, Allen says in describing Sparrow's book-
plates,

"Always using a border of floriated scrolls he never omitted an original contrivance
which is the characteristic mark of his work — a group of thirteen stars surrounded often by
a wreath. This is always found in a prominent place, and is an indication of his patriotism
as well as that of the owner."

Sparrow's work was generally crude. The single exception to this de-
scription of it is that example on copper which served as title-page to Elie
Vallette's Deputy Commissary's Guide, published by Anne Catharine Green
& Son in 1774. Poorly conceived, but delicately executed in the thin and
flowing lines of the chaser of metals, this work has interest for us as the
single engraved title-page to issue from a Maryland colonial press, but from
an artistic standpoint it indicates only that with proper training its maker
might have become an acceptable engraver on metal. The paper money
which he engraved on wood for Anne Catharine Green from 1770 to 1774 is
heavy and crowded in design, and the armorial seal of the Province on the
title-page of Bacon's Laws of Maryland is incorrect from a heraldic stand-
point and coarsely executed withal. Obviously wood was not Sparrow's
medium, and when one learns that whether on wood or metal, engraving
was a secondary pursuit with him, one is quick to condone the inexpertness
of his burin.

1 Riley, E., Ancient City, p. 167.

2 Ms. letter of Maryland Committee of Safety to Thomas Sparrow, November 28, 1776. In Red Book, 16: 33,
in Maryland Historical Society.

[89]

*A History of Printing in Colonial ^Maryland

ANNE CATHARINE GREEN AND HER SONS, WILLIAM,
FREDERICK AND SAMUEL

Throughout the life of her husband, Mrs. Anne Catharine Green, the
widow of Jonas, was heard of only incidentally, but after his death in 1767,
she showed the sturdy stuff that was in her by assuming the direction of the
Green establishment and the responsibility for its completion of the govern-
ment work then in hand. At this time she must have been about forty-five
years of age; she had borne fourteen children and buried eight of them; she
had nursed her household through a smallpox epidemic and through the
infinitude of small ailments which must have beset so large a family. At a
time when a less aggressive woman would have been content to seek the
chimney corner, she undertook the support of her children and the accom-
plishment of important tasks in the public service.

After announcing the death of her husband, Mrs. Green's first concern
was to solicit the continued patronage of his friends and customers for the
press which she proposed to continue. "I Presume to address You," she
wrote in an appeal to the public,1

"for your Countenance to Myself and numerous Family, left, without your Favour, al-
most destitute of Support, by the Decease of my Husband, who long, and, I have the Satis-
faction to say, faithfully served You in the Business of Provincial Printer; and, I flatter my-
self, that, with your kind Indulgence and Encouragement, Myself, and Son, will be enabled
to continue it on the same Footing. ... I am willing to hope, that the Pains taken by my
late Husband, to oblige his very extensive Acquaintance, and the Character he deservedly
bore, of an honest, benevolent Man, will recommend to your Regard,

Your grateful and faithful

humble Servant,

A. C. GREEN.

The event will show that the confidence which she begged and received
from the public was not misplaced. Under her management neither the
Maryland Gazette nor the public printing suffered retrenchment or deteri-
oration.

Assisted by her son, Mrs. Green completed the "Acts" and the "Votes"
of the session of 1767, which had been left unfinished by the death of her
husband, maintaining throughout the ensuing year a sufficient number of
hands to enable her to care for whatever public business came to her for
execution. In its act for her encouragement, the Assembly of 1768 recited
these facts and declared that in all things she had performed the duty of
Printer to the Province,2 and provided that for these services of the year

1 Maryland Gazette, April 16, 1767. The son referred to in this extract was William Green.

2 If a statement in the Maryland Gazette for September 22, 1768, could be taken at full value it would seem

[90]

Jonas Qreen, his Family and his Associates

1 767, she be allowed the sum of "Nine hundred and forty-eight dollars and
one half a dollar," and further that for her future services as public printer
she receive forty-eight thousand pounds of tobacco annually for those years
in which there was a session of the Assembly, and thirty-six thousand one
hundred and nine pounds of the current medium for the years in which no
session was held, the same terms of payment as had been accorded to Jonas
Green in the year 1765.

Throughout her eight years of service to the Province as public printer,
Mrs. Green's allowance remained unchanged. She attempted no enlarge-
ment of interest; her output consisted mainly of the government business
and the Maryland Gazette, although in addition to work of this character
she published an annual almanac, an occasional political pamphlet and one
or two satirical pieces. Of literature and religion she published almost noth-
ing except the frequent essays on these subjects which appeared in hernews-
paper. The most ambitious work of her press, besides the government and
newspaper publications, was the neatly printed octavo in which was com-
prised Elie Vallette's Deputy Commissary's Guide, a choice volume where
appeared the engraved title-page by Thomas Sparrow of Annapolis, which
has been referred to here as the best known example of that engraver's
work. In speaking of individual examples of her press, there should not be
overlooked her issue of The Charter and Bye-Laws of the City of Annapolis,
a beautifully printed little volume of fifty-two pages, which for typograph-
ical nicety could hardly have been surpassed by the best of her contempo-
raries in the colonies.

During the years of her conduct of the press, after 1768, Mrs. Green
worked in partnership with different ones of her sons. Various imprints,

that the recognition of Mrs. Green's merits was not the only motive which actuated the Assembly in appointing
her to the office left vacant by her husband's death. Throughout the spring and summer of 1768 the columns of
her journal had been given over week after week to the controversy between "C. D." (Walter Dulany) and "The
Bystander" (the learned and unscrupulous Bennet Allen, rector of St. Anne's Parish, pluralist, rake and duel-
list). Finally, Mrs. Green and her son William refused to publish other letters of "The Bystander" unless he
should indemnify them against suit and declare his identity. Allen declared that the Greens, as Jonas Green had
been, were under the thumb of the Dulany family and complained strenuously of his exclusion from their news-
paper while his enemies were permitted still to use its columns. Mrs. Green's son-in-law, John Clapham, came to
the support of his wife's family in a long letter in the Gazette of September 22, 1768, in the course of which he
wrote: "Mr. Allen's Treatment to Mrs. Green, left a widow, with large Family, he never can justify. On the 27th
of May, he called at the Printing-Office, and endeavoured to intimidate her, by threatening to knock up her
press, if ever she published any more pieces against him: Accordingly, next Morning, a Manuscript . . . was pri-
vately stuck up at the Door of the Stadt-House, the General Assembly then sitting, and the Office of Provincial
Printer vacant, by which (tho' not intended) he did her real Service; for she was so happy, soon after, as to be
unanimously chosen. It is generally supposed, had he acted a contrary Part, and given her a Recommendation
to the Public, she wou'd not, for that very Reason, have received so general a Mark of Friendship and Approba-
tion."

In the bibliographical appendix, under the year 1768, are entered certain broadsides which relate
quarrel between the Greens and Parson Allen.

[91]

THE

B Y E - L A W S

OF THE CITY OF

ANNAPOLIS

I N

MARYLAND

TO WHICH IS PREFIXED THE

C H A R T E R of the faid C I T Y

GRANTED BY HER LATE MAJESTY

QUEEN ANNE

In the Year of oar LORD i 76 &
ALSO

THREE ACTS OP ASSEMBLY
Faffed in 1708 1718 and 1725

Publifhed by Order of the CORPORATION

ANNAPOLIS
Printed by ANNE CATHARINE GREEN.

PLATE VIII. Seepage xiii.

"Jonas Qreen, his Family and his ^Associates

particularly those of the Maryland Gazette > supply the following list of names
under which the business of the house was conducted:1

April 1 6, 1767, to January 7, 1768, Anne Catherine Green.

(In the colophon of the Maryland Gazette for January 28, 1768, and al-
ways thereafter, the name appeared "Anne Catharine Green.")

January 7, 1768, to August 23, 1770, Anne Catharine Green and William
Green. (William Green died in August 1770.)

August 23, 1770, to January 2, 1772, Anne Catharine Green.

January 2, 1772, to March 30, 1775, Anne Catharine Green & Son. (This
was Frederick Green.)

March 30, 1775, to December 25, 1777, Frederick Green. (Mrs. Green
died March 23, 1775.)

The Maryland Gazette suspended publication from December 25, 1777,
to April 30, 1779, but resumed on the latter date and continued under Fred-
erick & Samuel Green to January 6, 1811. In this year the two brothers
died and Jonas Green, the son of Samuel, assumed the publication and car-
ried it on until its final issue in the year 1839.

It is noteworthy that, whether from filial affection or from filial subjec-
tion it is not entirely clear, the several sons of the house always occupied
second place in the firm name, and further that it was Anne Catharine
Green and not "Anne Catharine Green and Son" who received the appoint-
ment of printer to the Province. The brief notice of Mrs. Green's death in
the Maryland Gazette of March 30, 1775, concluded with the assurance that
"she was of a mild and benevolent Disposition, and for conjugal Affection,
and parental Tenderness, an Example to her Sex," an encomium from which
one may conclude that it was by the grace of her affectionate disposition
that she maintained her ascendancy in the establishment. That she was
able to do this speaks well for the character of those sons, two of whom
were left to carry on the traditions of a family the history of which in its
many branches is the history of the first two hundred years of American
printing.

THE LAST OF THE GREENS IN MARYLAND PRINTING HISTORY

The activities of the sons, Frederick and Samuel, and of the grandson
Jonas, of Jonas and Anne Catharine Green, are so largely concerned with
periods into which this narrative does not enter that no attempt will be

^rigliam, C. S., Bibliography of American Newspapers, 2690-1820. (Part III). In Proceedings of the American
Antiquarian Society, April 1915.

[93]

c>^ History of Printing in Colonial sJxCary land

made here to chronicle them. When the last Jonas Green died in Annapolis
in 1839, his family nad been engaged in printing and publishing in that
city for one hundred years and some odd months. He was the great-great-
great grandson of that Samuel Green who had begun printing in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, in the year 1649. With this brief remark must be concluded
the account of certain members of that family of good citizens and heredi-
tary practitioners of the typographical art, the Greens of New England and
Maryland.

[94]

CHAPTER EIGHT

The Reverend Thomas ^Bacon and his Edition of the

"Laws of ^Maryland at Large/'

^Annapolis, 1765

HE work which generations of Marylanders have known
familiarly as "Bacon's Laws" has a particular interest in
a narrative wherein the history of Maryland printing has
been studied largely through the medium of the legisla-
tive publicationsoftheMarylandpress. 7^L0«tf^Mtfry-
land at Large, compiled by the Rev. Thomas Bacon and
printed in Annapolis by Jonas Green in 1765, was not only
the most important of the legal publications of the Province of Maryland,
but it happens also to have been a specimen of typography which was not
exceeded in dignity and beauty by any production of an American colonial
press. By a peculiar good fortune its compiler and its printer were persons
in themselves interesting, and the introduction into the Assembly of pro-
posals for the publication of the work provided the occasion for several
sharp battles in that long-continued warfare between the Proprietary and
his people which had caused Maryland, during a period of great impor-
tance, to become almost an impotent factor in colonial affairs.

A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE COMPILER OF "BACON'S LAWS"

The Rev. Thomas Bacon is said to have been born in the Isle of Man
about the year lyoo.1 The story of his youth is a blank page, not even is his
parentage known to us. The first definite fact which can be learned in re-
gard to him was his publication in 1737, in Dublin, of a work entitled "A
Compleat System of the Revenue of Ireland,"2 a book which is elsewhere de-

xThe author has been informed in an indirect way that Bacon was born in County Cumberland, England, the
son of a master mariner of that place, but he has not been able to verify this assertion.

2 British Museum Catalogue gives the title of this work as below, where it is reproduced in full for the reason
that no two American writers in referring to it agree as to bibliographical description and title. The British
Museum cataloguers were unaware that this Thomas Bacon and the compiler of the Laws of Maryland were the
same person.

Bacon, Thomas— A Compleat System of the Revenue of Ireland, in its Branches of Import, Export, and
Inland Duties, Containing I. An Abridgement of English and Irish Statutes Relating to the Revenue of Ireland.
II. The Former and Additional Book of Rates Inwards and Outwards, etc. III. A View of the Duties which Con

[95]

zA History of Printing in Colonial tJxCary land

scribed as "a laborious and judicious Performance."1 It is probable that at
this time he was in the civil service of Great Britain, and that he remained
in that service until the year 1744, when on September ijdhe was ordained
deacon by the Rt. Rev. Thomas Wilson, Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man,
who a few months later, on March 10, 1744/45, ordained him to the priest-
hood for the specific purpose of service in the Plantations.2 He arrived in
Maryland between July and November 1745, settled at Oxford in Talbot
County, and within a few months had become rector of St. Peter's Parish
of that county. During the thirteen years of his rectorship he exercised his
pastoral functions with notable success; he established a Charity Working
School for poor children of all races, and preached ceaselessly to his parish-
ioners their duty in the spiritual care of their negro slaves. Throughout his
life in Maryland he was notable for his charitable enterprises; his kindness
to the Acadians, when a shipload of these distressed neutrals was landed
at Oxford, was of such a nature as to have been remembered until the pres-
ent day. An accomplished musician, a hearty, sociable being of excellent
parts, he was, as one of his parishioners wrote, "a very considerable man here
& in great Esteem with every great Man from the Governor to the Parish
Clerk;" and the same admirer wrote a few months later, "I think him the
worthiest clergyman I ever knew, not Excepting the Bishop."3 His good
deeds, his learning and his personal charm have caused Thomas Bacon to
be remembered when men of greater piety and of more rigidly correct life
have been forgotten.4

Evidently there was in his composition a strain of impetuosity which did
him great disservice. On two occasions he was fined large sums of tobacco
for his disregard of the law respecting the publication of the banns of mat-
rimony. The first of these was when he united in marriage Miss Elizabeth
Bozman to a reprobate brother clergyman, and the second was the occa-
sion of his own marriage to this lady in the year 1757. Even before this, in
the year 175 5, he had been indicted and compelled to stand trial on a charge

pose the Revenue of Ireland, etc. IV. The Method of Making Entries, etc. (An appendix containing forms of
informations ... on the act of excise.) 5 pts. Dublin, 1737-36. 8°. (In British Museum. Press Mark 517. c. 6).

1 Bacon's obituary in Maryland Gazette for June 9, 1768. Given in full later in this chapter.

2 See Appendix B of Bishop Wilson's Sacra Privata, ed. Oxford and London, 1853.

3 Callister Letters. Ms. in Maryland Diocesan Library. In the second quotation, Callister, a Manxman, refers
to Bishop Wilson, almost a divinity among his islanders. For a Manxman to compare any man favorably with
Bishop Wilson was praise indeed.

4 Even the rapacious parson, Bennett Allen, who having been promised the succession to Bacon's parish of
All Saints, Frederick County, could not conceal the impatience with which he awaited his colleague's death,
wrote to him in 1768: "I have always loved your character for that Milkiness of Blood, (as Dryden expresses it)
and Goodness of Heart, for which you are remarkable; and respected you as a Man of Letters, a Friend of the
Lord Proprietary; and a Benefactor to the Public: . . ." (Maryland Gazette, September 29, 1768).

[96]

Bacons Laws the Typographical ^(Conument of (Colonial ^Cary land

brought by a disreputable woman of his neighborhood. He was acquitted
of this charge, and having been fined one hundred pounds sterling for her
"false clamor," his accuser was committed to jail in default of payment.
Between these two occurrences, he became seriously affected in his health,
and his physical condition was not improved by the distress which ensued
upon the loss at sea of his only son, his "dear Jacky." One is not astonished
to find him in some respects a broken-spirited man in the later years of his
residence in Talbot County.

Bacon's loyalty to the Proprietary interest shows him to have been a
man of conservative tendencies. One must believe that his conscience was
behind that loyalty, for he does not seem to have been the sort to have ren-
dered service from unworthy motives. In the year 1754, the Proprietary
recognized his devotion by appointing him one of his domestic chaplains
in Maryland with the privilege of wearing his "scarf," the insignia pertain-
ing to the holder of that office in a nobleman's household. When the rector-
ship of All Saints Parish in Frederick County fell vacant, Bacon in 1759
was appointed to fill the vacancy as "reader," and finally was inducted as
rector early in 1762. In the year 1770 this parish was said to be worth one
thousand pounds currency a year, but it is probable that during the greater
part of Bacon's rectorship its value had been much less. In 1753 Sharpe
had appraised its income at only three hundred and ninety-four pounds
currency.

In the Maryland Gazette for June 9, 1768, there appeared the following
notice, with the quotation of which this short account of Thomas Bacon
approaches its close:

On Tuesday, the 24th Ult. died at Frederick-Town, in Frederick County, the Rey'd
Thomas Bacon, Rector of All Saints Parish, in that County, Author of a laborious and ju-
dicious Performance entitled, A Complete System of the revenue of Ireland, published in
1 737, by Order of the Chief Commissioners and Governors of the Revenue, in that Kingdom.
He also published several other valuable Pieces; and in the Decline of Life, by several years
intense Labour, compiled a compleat Body of the Laws of this Province, as lately published.
—His humane, benevolent Disposition and amiable Deportment, gained him the Love and
Esteem of all his Parishioners. He was likewise an affectionate Husband, a tender Parent,
a kind Master, and a most agreeable Companion; which renders his Death not only a Loss
to his Acquaintances but to Society in general.

In spite of the emoluments which must have been his as the rector of All
Saints, Bacon left an embarrassed estate. In advertisements published in
several issues of the Maryland Gazette, beginning with that of July 14,
1768, his widow and administratrix asked the "indulgence of the several
creditors" until she could ascertain the whole amount of her late husband s

[97]

<iA History of Printing in Colonial ^hCary I and

indebtedness. It is probable that the expenseof an assistant in his parochial
work, of the maintenance of a family consisting of a wife and three daugh-
ters, and the inevitable expenses accruing to editorial and publishing work
of the sort that he was engaged in seriously cut in upon the salary which he
received as rector of the richest parish in Maryland.

One would prefer to bring this account of Thomas Bacon to a close in a
happier strain, but from such knowledge as is at hand, the conclusion is
inevitable that in spite of so much unselfish devotion to others, so many
efforts in behalf of the poor and despised, so great labors on a work of pub-
lic usefulness, this lovable and industrious man died poor and unregarded
after years of bodily suffering and mental disquietude. Today those who
would do honor to his memory have not even the satisfaction of reading
his epitaph. It is supposed that he was buried inside his parish church of
All Saints, but when that church was torn down in 1813, all record of the
bodies beneath its floor was lost.1

THE BEGINNING OF THE "LAWS"

In November 1753, Thomas Bacon, then resident in his first parish, on
the Eastern Shore, petitioned2 the Justices of Talbot County for permission
to make use of the printed copies of the laws in their possession, in the pros-
ecution of a work which he affirmed to have been approved by the Gover-
nor, and which he described as intended to take the form of "a complete
abridgement of all the Laws in force in this Province, digested alphabeti-
cally under proper heads." It is in this petition that there occurs the first
intimation that Bacon had in mind either a compilation or an abridgement
of the statutes.3

The early years of his labors on the "Abridgement" passed without inci-
dent. Nothing more was heard of the progress of his work until March
1757, when, being then at the height of his troubles in court, suffering in
spirit from these and from the loss of his son, and suffering in body from

1 Admirable accounts of the life of Thomas Bacon are to be found in Harrison, S. A., History of Talbot County,
Maryland, 1661-1861, ed. by Oswald Tilghman, 2 v. Baltimore, 1915; and in the article by the Rev. Ethan Allen,
D.D., in Sprague, Wm. ¥>., Annals of the American Pulpit, 5: 117-121. A discussion of his charitable projects was
contributed to t\\t Independent for August 14, 1899, by Bernard C. Steiner under the title, "A Pioneer in Negro
Education;" and in "A Maryland Merchant and His Friends," in the Maryland Historical Magazine, v. 6, the
present writer gave some facts bearing on his life and quoted at length from such of his letters as have been pre-
served in the Maryland Diocesan Library.

2 Bacon's petition to the Justices of Talbot County is given in full in Tilghman's edition of Dr. Harrison's
work, noted above.

3 On M?y 14, 1752, Jonas Green had issued in the Mary land Gazette proposals for the publication by himself of
a body of laws. As nothing was heard of this work afterwards, it may be assumed that Green, willingly enough,
had been induced to forego his own plans in view of Bacon's greater fitness for the task.

[98]

^Bacon's Laws the typographical ^Monument of Colonial ^Maryland

malaria and a vexatious internal derangement, he wrote these despondent
words to his correspondent in Oxford: "I write to you," he says,
"with the Freedom of a Friend, as I shall always stile you though God knows few are the
Friends I have now in the World. If you have any good News by your Ship, on whose
Arrival I wish you Joy, please let me have a Sketch of it; if bad, keep it to your self, for I
have had no other for some time past, and begin to be heartily tired of it. I would not write
to you on such a scrap of Paper, if I had plenty as formerly; but the Man without Money
or Credit must do as he can. Musick is departed & gone into another World from me. The
Laws are my only Employment and Amusement, yet they are a dry sort of stuff and some-
times apt to stick in the Throat." (Ms. in Maryland Diocesan Library.)

It seems to be true, as Mr. Augustine Birrell tells us in one of his essays,
that commentators "learn in suffering what they observe in the margin."

Bacon completed his abridgement of the laws sometime in the year 1758.
On June 22d of that year he advertised in the Maryland Gazette his propo-
sals for its publication, announcing at the same time that he had petitioned
unsuccessfully the Assembly at its last session for encouragement "to pub-
lish a Body of Laws . . . together with an Abridgement . . . the Charter of
the Province, and other useful matters." The work thus described was the
great collection of laws which he issued seven years later. He received no
authority for its publication from this Assembly, but not discouraged, he
announced it as forthcoming and proceeded with its compilation.lt is prob-
able that this advertisement of a larger and more desirable work in prepa-
ration injured the prospects for the publication of his "Abridgement" by
subscription. Nothing was heard of it afterwards as a separate publication,
and when his body of laws was published in 1765, it was made use of as the
basis of the index to the greater work.1

A REVIEW OF THE POLITICAL ISSUE INVOLVED

The publication of the great body of laws now became a political issue
in the Provincial Assembly, or rather it became the concrete expression of
an old and wearisome issue on which there had been bickering in the two
Houses for a generation. At the time of the Revolution of 1689, the people
had questioned the right of the Proprietary to certain duties granted him
by an act of the year 1 66 1 , and an act of the first Assembly under the royal
government had diverted the proceeds of this "tonnage" duty from his Lord-
ship's purse to the treasury of the Province. Upon the advice of the Solic-
itor General, however, the Crown in 1692 had disallowed this act and had
given direction that the proceeds of the tonnage duty should be paid as
usual to the Proprietor for his private use. It was not until the year 1739

1 Dulany Papers, Box i, No. 6, Bacon to W. D., Maryland Historical Society.
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<iA History of Printing in (Colonial ^Maryl

that the question came up again, but from this time it had assumed an ugly
form in the hands of a newly-arisen party that seemed determined in every
possible way to defame the Proprietary and his government. The following
sentences from the work of a Maryland historian summarize the situation
as it existed at the time of which we are writing:

The pretence of that party with respect to the tonnage duty was that by a repealing act
of the year 1704 the law imposing it had been repealed. It is true that the repealing act of
1704 did declare all laws that had ever been made in the province before that year to be
repealed, save those mentioned in an excepting clause; and in that clause was no mention
of the tonnage act. But there was also in that repealing act this saving clause, viz, 'Saving
always to all and every person and persons whatever was his and their right and benefits
which he or they had by the former acts of Assembly.' Therefore, on the same basis as that
of the solicitor general's decision in the year 1692, the proprietor was still entitled to his
tonnage duty. Nevertheless, until the overthrow of the Proprietary government the lower
house continued to deny his right to it. In 1761, when the Board of Trade asked for copies
of laws in force, that house would not agree to defray the expense of preparing them unless
the editor would leave out, with one other act, the act for tonnage duty. But the fair-
minded Governor Sharpe and Daniel Dulany, Jr., with his distinguished legal talent, never
gave a sign of doubting the Proprietor's right to that duty.1

THE LEGISLATIVE ADVENTURES OF BACON'S COMPILATION

With this outline of the political situation in mind, the failure of Bacon
to secure encouragement from the Assembly for his proposed publication
of the laws of the Province is easy of comprehension, for it was well under-
stood by the Lower House that his Lordship's domestic chaplain could not
be expected to omit from his collection laws which existed for his patron's
advantage and emolument. On December 16, 1758,2 however, the propo-
sals of Bacon having been brought to the attention of the Lower House, a
committee appointed for the purpose of considering the plan therein set
forth asked him to propose to them the sum for which he would undertake
to deliver eighteen printed bodies of laws to the Province, and also to set
the price for the sale of copies to the public. Bacon named three hundred
pounds currency as the price of the eighteen public copies, and forty shil-
lings in the same medium as "the Price of each Copy to Subscribers (ad-
vancing one half as usual in such cases)." The committee reported that the
proposed publication "would be of great utility," and recommended that
another committee be appointed to consider what laws were in force, "or
proper to be inserted or any Way to be taken Notice of in the said Body."
It considered that the price named for the public copies was reasonable,

1 Mereness, N. D., Maryland as a Proprietary Province. 1901. p. 91.

2 V. & P., December 16 and 20, 1758.

[100]

"Bacon's Laws the Typographical tJxConument of Colonial <3xCary land

but that the price to subscribers should be adjusted when the work had
been completed. Furthermore, it was recommended, that in any bill to be
brought in for carrying on the design, it should be expressly declared that
any laws now in dispute should be considered as in the same state "as if
the said Body had not been collected, compiled and published; and that
no Law whatever, or any Part thereof, shall be repealed, abrogated, or made
null or void, or receive any additional Force or Strength, thereby." The
Lower House had no desire that Bacon's or any other collection of laws
should have theforce ofa codeuntilthe objectionable "Tonnage" act should
have been expunged from the books. A week or so later, the House accepted
the report of its committee and deferred full consideration of it to the next
session of the Assembly.1

In the October session of the year 1760 a bill was introduced entitled
"An Act for Encouraging a Collection and Publication of the Laws of this
Province," by the terms of which a committee was to examine and com-
pare the laws of Mr. Bacon's proposed collection with the originals and
report their findings to the next session of Assembly. In case of the approval
of that Assembly, Bacon was to have leave to proceed to print and publish
the collection. It was provided, as had been suggested by the committee of
the year 1758, that no additional force was to be lent to any disputed law
by reason of its inclusion in that volume, and further carrying out the rec-
ommendations of that report, it was agreed that in the event of publication
Bacon should be allowed three hundred pounds currency for eighteen copies
"cast off upon good Paper, in large Folios, and with a fair Type," the pub-
lic copies to be delivered, one to each house, the Provincial court and each
county court. This bill was indorsed by the Lower House "will pass," but
it was returned to that body from the Upper House with the uncompromis-
ing endorsement, "will not pass."2 The struggle had begun, and had it not
been for the interest of Governor Sharpe in the project, it is likely that the
clashing of irreconcilable opinions would have prevented forever the pub-
lication of Bacon's collection.

In the session of April ij6i3 this bill or another of the same tenor was
reintroduced and passed by the Lower House after having been amended
to read that "the Act by which the Lord Proprietary takes the I2d. Ster-
ling per Hogshead on all Tobacoes exported out of this Province, be not
inserted in the Collection of Laws to be made by Mr. Thomas Bacon, but

1 V. & P., December 23, 1758.

2 V. & P., October 15, 1760; Maryland Gazette, October 30, 1760.

3V.& P., April 25, 1761.

[101]

*A History of Printing in

be put in an Appendix thereto" as a law in use but not in force.1 After sev-
eral adventures, it was returned from the Upper to the Lower House on
May 6, 1761, with the endorsement "Read the Second Time, and, with the
Amendments, will Pass," but it is certain that Sharpe had no intention of
signing a bill so at variance with the Proprietary's interests as this one had
been shown to be. He permitted it to be endorsed affirmatively in the se-
curity of his knowledge that he intended to allow no bills of that session to
pass the seal. He prorogued the Assembly almost immediately without af-
fixing his mandate to the several bills which had been passed, and writing
to Secretary Calvert several months later,2 he asserted that he was urged
to this course by the gentlemen of the Council who alleged that the Assem-
bly "had been sitting near a month without doing the Business for which
alone they had been convened & had shown by the Bill they had framed
entituled 'An Act for Encouraging a Collection & publication of the Laws
of this Province' . . . that those Members of the Lower House who were
left (for all the moderate men were gone off) had nothing in view but by
offering such Laws as they knew would not pass to lay a foundation for
popularity against the ensuing election."

After this occurrence Bacon's proposed book no longer was to serve as
the shuttlecock of Provincial politics.3 Sharpe's peculiar personal interest
in its publication was to give a turn to events which should remove it from
the consideration of future Assemblies.

THE PUBLICATION OF BISSETT'S "ABRIDGEMENT" IN 1759

In the year 1759, when the contest over Bacon's publication was just be-
ginning, a lawyer of Baltimore, one James Bissett, took advantage of the
situation so far as to prepare a hasty abridgement of the Provincial laws,
from which, as one of the "Patriot" party, he omitted the acts which were
offensive to the opponents of the Proprietary. His Abridgement of the
Laws of Maryland was printed in Philadelphia by William Bradford, the
nephew of Andrew, and having been sold widely throughout the Province,

1 Alarmed by this attempt of the Lower House to curtail his privileges, the Proprietary instructed Sharpe in
October 1761 that his subscription to Bacon's publication was to be paid only on the condition that "his Book
or Books of our said Laws do strictly contain all acts of Assembly and all matter and things that has been at any
time Enacted belonging to and for my Private Emolument and now stands Enacted." Proceeding, he ordered
Sharpe as Governor to withhold his consent from any act of Assembly which provided for the publication of the
book with these acts omitted or entered only in an appendix. (Calvert Papers, No. 654).

2 Sharpe Correspondence, Arc hi ves of Maryland, 14: 24.

3 Schlesinger, A. M., Maryland's Share in the Last Intercolonial War, in Maryland Historical Magazine, vol. 7,
and the work of Mereness before cited, treat the larger aspects of the bickering between the Proprietary and the
Lower House, of which the fate of Bacon's proposals in the Assembly presents in a concrete issue a plainly defined
case. See note to No. 206 of the bibliographical appendix.

[102]

'Bacon's Laws the Typographical ^(Conument of (Colonial <^Cary land

appreciably narrowed the market in which Bacon had expected to find an
easy sale for his compilation. Bissett's "Abridgement," as it is known, left
the press in the year 1759. * It presents a mean appearance, and is a work
which is usually spoken of with contempt as having been hastily compiled
and poorly printed. In his Preface, Bacon did not dignify it by a mention
in the enumeration of existing collections of Maryland laws.

SHARPE SUGGESTS A PLAN FOR THE PUBLICATION OF "BACON'S LAWS"

Throughout the years that the two Houses of Assembly were disputing
the publication of Bacon's collection, other influences had been at work
which eventually were to cause that collection to be published when all
hope had been given up by its editor of receiving aid and encouragement
for it from the Provincial Legislature. It was while Bacon was still hoping
for favorable action on the proposals which he had submitted to the Lower
House in 1758 that Caecilius Calvert, secretary to Lord Baltimore, made a
suggestion to Governor Sharpe, the relation of which, although it is not en-
tirely germane to the subject of Bacon's book of laws, yet serves to advance
somewhat the story of its publication. Calvert and Baltimore seem to have
feared that Benjamin Franklin, now become a great leader in the colonies,
was contemplating the publication of aspersions on the conduct of Mary-
land during the last French and Indian War, and in order that there should
be at hand the material for a reply to any accusations that he might bring
against the Proprietary government, they had suggested to Sharpe that
Bacon be employed to write a historical summary of the Province. Their
idea in proposing this work was that such a narrative would show the diffi-
culties which the Lords Proprietary had contended with for many years in
the task of keeping their refractory people in line. To this suggestion Sharpe
replied with his unfailing good sense, that no scheme could have been so
well devised todiscredit the Proprietary government as this which had been
proposed. After asserting that Bacon, already somewhat unfavorably known
to many in the Province, would be under the necessity of leaving his parish
in order to be near the records in Annapolis, he continued his protest in
these words:

"A Clergyman taken from the Parishioners by whom he is supported & who by Law are
obliged to support him to Vindicate an ill Administration! would be one of the Exclama-
tions I should expect to hear ecchoed thro the Province, & long would be the Catalogue of
Vices whereof His Ldp as well as His Lieutt Governor might expect to be accused. *

1 On January 4, 1759, Bissett advertised in the Maryland Gazette his thanks for the many subscriptions made
to his work and announced its early publication. It was advertised on June 28, 1759, as just pub

2 Sharpe Correspondence, May 26, 1760, Archives of Maryland, 9: 41?-

[103]

*A History of Printing in Colonial *%Cary land

Sharpe declined even to communicate the proposal to Mr. Bacon, and
nearly a year passed before, moved by a demand from the Board of Trade
for a printed edition of the Maryland laws, he took up in his correspon-
dence with Secretary Calvert the project of publishing Bacon's compila-
tion, then nearing completion. The plan for financing the volume which he
proposed in his letter of January 28, 1761, was that which in the main was
eventually followed.1 Sharpe let it be understood that, having paid from
his own pocket for a transcript of the laws demanded by the Council Office
in 1755, and having been refused reimbursement by the Assembly, he was
very much in favor of encouraging the publication of Mr. Bacon's compila-
tion by general subscription, instead of having another transcript made at
his own expense. He did not believe that the Assembly would ever con-
tribute a shilling toward this or any other edition of the laws unless the
editor would leave out the "Tunnage Law & the Act made in 1704 for the
Support of Government," and as the expense would be large, perhaps four
hundred pounds sterling, and as it would be a great pity both for Bacon's
sake and on account of the Province that the result of so much labor and
pains should remain unpublished, he proposed to head a list with a sub-
scription of forty or fifty pounds toward the cost of its publication. Two
or three years before this Bacon's published proposals for subscriptions had
been coolly received,2 but Sharpe believed that once in print the book would
have a good sale, and with about three hundred and thirty copies sold the
expenses would be covered and the repayment of the subscriptions begun.
He asked his Lordship's approval of this suggestion, and begged that in
addition to giving his approval he would put his name down as one of the
subscribers to the publication.

In reply to Sharpe's definite proposal, Secretary Calvert announced his
I ordship's contribution of one hundred pounds to the expenses of the work,
as well as his own subscription of a quarter of this sum.3 Having secured in
all about twenty-one subscribers, or underwriters, from among the prin-
cipal gentlemen and officials of the Province, Sharpe gave the word for the

1 Sharpe Correspondence, January 28, 1761, Archives of Maryland, 9: 489.

2 On January 25, 1759, and frequently throughout that winter, Bacon had published in the Maryland Gazette
proposals for the publication of his complete body of laws by subscription at forty shillings a copy. In this ad-
vertisement, he estimated the cost of new type and paper to be imported, of printing and binding at £i 200 cur-
rency. Sharpe's assertion as to the coolness with which his proposals were received is at variance with Bacon's
statement in the Maryland Gazette for June 7, 1759, in which he announced that because of the gratifying num-
ber of subscriptions received, his book of laws would "infallibly be printed." At this time he still expected to
receive a subsidy of £300 currency from the Assembly. The failure of that body to make an appropriation evi-
dently made a very decided change in his plans for publishing the book by general subscription and governmen-
tal subsidy.

3 Sharpe Correspondence, June 10, 1761, Archives of Maryland, 9: 519.

[I04]

'Bacon s Laws the Typographical^hConument of Colonial *3fCary I and

publication of the book.1 All told, one thousand and fifty pounds currency
were subscribed locally.2 The one hundred pounds sterling which stood in
Lord Baltimore's name were later withdrawn as a subscription and given
outright to Bacon in appreciation of the compiler's intention to dedicate
the work to his noble patron.3 It was perfectly understood that the single
condition upon which his Lordship insisted in the publication of the book
was the inclusion of the acts which have been mentioned as forming the
ground of the Assembly's refusal to support the work.4 It was in this fashion
that the last Lord Baltimore and his people in Assembly confronted and
affronted each other throughout their years of association.

THE PLAN OF THE BOOK AND ITS COMPLETION

The compilation of Maryland laws which Bacon had made differed from
any that had been published before his day in the Province, and in many
particulars it formed the most elaborate and laborious piece of editorial
work until that time undertaken in America. Painstaking, scholarly fellow,
he copied his versions of the laws whenever possible from the originals in
the office of the Provincial Secretary, and with the most painful labor he
rescued the titles of many laws not otherwise recorded from the manuscript
House journals and from the acts by which these laws had been repealed
or continued. The industry and accuracy with which he addressed himself
to his task are witnessed by the fact that with possibly one exception there
is reported in his book, either at large or by title, every act passed by the
Maryland Provincial Assembly during the century and a quarter of its ex-
istence. An idea of the magnitude of his task may be obtained from this

1 "The Conditions on which we all subscribed," wrote Sharpe at a later date, "are that the Subscribers shall
be repaid out of the Money that the Books when printed may be sold for; It was represented to us that the Sum
of about £1000 [Sharpe means currency] would be wanted immediately to pay for Paper, Tipes, Printing &
Binding ... a number of us agreed to advance the Money wanted on the Conditions above mentioned and there-
upon the Paper &c. was as I am told sent for by Mr. Jaques a merchant of this City whom Mr. Bacon impow-
ered to receive the sums subscribed." (Sharpe Correspondence, February 1 5, 1762). ("Mr. Jaques," here referred
to, was Mr. Lancelot Jacques, merchant of Annapolis, and one of the twenty-one underwriters of the book.)

2 Preface, Bacon's Laws oj 'Maryland, at the conclusion of which occurs the following list of those whose con-
tributions made possible the publication of the book: contributor, the Rt. Hon'ble Frederick Ld Baltimore,
£100 Sterling. Subscribers, His Excellency Horatio Sharpe, Esq. Gov. £100 Currency, and the following gentle-
men at £50 currency each: Charles Carroll, Walter Dulany, Charles Carroll, Barrister, Daniel Wolstenholme,
Upton Scott, Lancelot Jacques, Charles Wallace, Thomas Johnson, Samuel Galloway, Benj. Tasker, Sam. Cham-
berlaine, Edward Lloyd, Benedict Calvert, Daniel Dulany, Stephen Bordley, John Ridout, John Bnce, George
Steuart and John Ross.

3Sharpe Correspondence, April 24, 1762, Archives of Maryland, 14: 45.

4 Sharpe Correspondence, June 10, 1761, Archives of Maryland, 9: 519-520- That his Lonlship was well satis-
fied with the publication as eventually issued appears in a letter from Bacon to Walter Dulany, July 30, 1767, in
which the parson tells of the present of a small gold box from Lord Baltimore as a token of his appreciation o
the Laws. He copied with great pride the letter which had accompanied the box. It is likely that this token and
his Lordship's gratuity of £100 were all that Bacon made by his great labor. (Dulany Papers, Box I, No. 8).

[105]

*A History of Printing in Colonial zJtCary land

short outline of the plan which appeared in his proposals to the Assembly
of 1761. To the Lower House in that year, he announced,

"That the several Sessions shall be distinguished by their proper Dates, Names of Gov-
ernors, &c. The Titles of all the Acts passed in each, inserted in their due Order, with Ref-
erence to the Records where they may be found; and an account of the several Continua-
tions, and Time of Expiration or Repeal of such as are expired or abrogated. Each Session
shall be divided into Chapters, and the Chapters into Sections with Numbers, for the easier
Quotation of any Laws in Being.

"That ample marginal Notes shall be printed, with References to any subsequent Law,
whereby a Paragraph may in any wise be affected or altered; and a compleat Common-
Place, or short Alphabetical Abridgement of the Laws, shall be added, whereby the Whole,
relating to any one Article, may easily be seen, and turned to in the several Acts at large."

It is conceivable that to carry into effect this running commentary on
the legislation of one hundred and twenty-six years was no small task. That
its undertaker performed it worthily, his monumental work remains to at-
test.

In the winter of 1762 Bacon'swork was so far advanced that he was com-
pelled to go to Annapolis "in order to collate or examine his manuscript
Acts of Assembly with the Records."1 Wemaythinkof him asmaking that
weary journey many times during this winter and spring, and we may share
his rejoicing that the worst of his task was over, when on July 24, 1762,
Reverdy Ghiselin, Gent., Clerkof the Provincial Court, andThomas Bacon,
Clerk, Rector of All Saints Parish in Frederick County, appeared before
two of the justices of the Provincial Court and

". . . produced Six Manuscript Books or Volumes in Folio, marked No. I, No. 2, No. 3,
No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6, containing a Transcript of the Acts of Assembly of this Province,
now in Force or Use from the Year 1637, to the Year 1762, ... as the same have been
collected into one Body by the aforesaid Thomas Bacon; and made Oath on the Holy Evan-
gels of Almighty God, That they had carefully and diligently Examined and Compared
i .11 the several Acts contained in the said Transcript, . . . with the Original Acts which
Passed the Great Seal of this Province, where such Originals were extant, or to be found
in the Secretary's Office of this Province; and, where the Originals of any of the said acts
cou'd not be found, with the Records of the same, as they stand Recorded in the Secretary's
Office aforesaid. And that the said several Acts contained in the said six Volumes or Tran-
script, and by them so Signed as aforesaid, are true Copies of the Original Acts, or Records
respectively, with which the same have been by them Compared and Examined as aforesaid,
to the best of their Knowledge, Skill and Belief."2

The above oath, which is to be found in the printed volume itself at the
close of the session of March 1762, was signed by Reverdy Ghiselin and
Thomas Bacon on the one part, John Brice and George Steuart on the other.

1Sharpe Correspondence, February 15, 1762, Archives of. Maryland, 14: 20.
2 Bacon's Laws of Maryland, at conclusion of acts of March 1762.

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'Bacon s Laws the Typographical tJxConument of Colonial <^Mary land

In the same spirit of thankfulness in which the ancient printers appended
"Laus Deo" to their colophons, it is headed by the words "Glory to God"
in Greek, a doxology which, without doubt, Bacon uttered with a full heart
when he had affixed his name to the attestation.

One likes to think of Parson Bacon with his six big books on a barrow in
front of him proceeding from the office of the Provincial Court in the old
Treasury Building, down the Duke of Gloucester Street to Jonas Green's
residence and shop in Charles Street, and there plumping down his folios
with that feeling of relief which comes to all editors when for the time be-
ing they have divested themselves of their burdens by laying them on the
printer. It is safe to presume, while we are drawing pictures, that this par-
ticular printer on this hot day of July would not have permitted the Parson
to leave his premises until he had exercised that skill in the concoction of
refreshment which had gained him the title of "punchmaker-in-general"
of the Annapolis Tuesday Club.

THE PRINTING OF THE BOOK

The progress of Bacon's book through the press of Jonas Green was in-
terrupted several times before its completion in 1765 and its belated pub-
lication in 1766. After the book had been in the press some months the
Board of Trade renewed its demands for the Maryland laws, and from the
reply which Sharpe returned to that body through the Proprietary, one
learns that the slow importation of paper was delaying the work.1 For this
contretemps, Sharpe blamed Mr. Anthony Bacon, the merchant brother
of the compiler, through whose house in London the paper had been ordered
by Mr. Lancelot Jacques of Annapolis. Nearly a year passed before, in
March 1764, he sent to Secretary Calvert the first thirty-four sheets of the
book to be drawn from the press.2 In the letter which accompanied them
he preferred with some diffidence what seems to have been a modest request
in behalf of the printer, when he wrote the following sentences:

"As Mr. Green the Printer takes great pains to perform his part well & intimated to me
that he wanted a Stamp or plate to sett off & adorn the Frontispiece or Title Page with His
Ldp's or the Province Arms, I could not help telling him that I would desire you to send
One well engraved on Block Tin or Letter Metal for that purpose & as it cannot I think cost
much I hope you will put it in my power to gratify him. The Figure should I think be near
twice as large as the Coat of Arms in the Frontispiece of the inclosed Book covered with
blue paper & I apprehend the Supporters & also the Motto ought to be the same as on the
Great Seal."

1 Sharpe Correspondence, June 4, 1763, Archives of Maryland, 14: 97.
2 Sharpe Correspondence, March 13, 1764, Archives of Maryland, 14: 151.

[I07]

LAW

<ffit&fr

MARTL4ND

AT LARGE,

WITH P ft O P t ft

INDEXES.

Now firft CoDeded into One Coxr LI AT BODY, and Pablilhed from jh«
Original ACTS and RECORDS, remaining in the SECRET ART, -
OFFICE of the (aid

PROVINCE.

Together with NOTES and other MATTERS, relative to the €on-
ittattm thereof, eztraOed from the PROVINCIAL KetO}M.

To which is prefixed, THE

CHARTER,

With an Englijb TRANSLATION.

By THOMAS BACON, Redor of AU-Samti PariQj in
Frederick County, and Domeftic Chaplain in Maryland to
the Right Honourable FREDERICK Lord BALTIMOIB.

AN N A P 0 L 1 S:

PMKTED iv JONAS GREEN, PRINTER TO THI PBOVIMCE.
MDCCLXV.

PLATE IX. See page xiv.

'Bacon s Laws the Typo graphic a I tJXConument of Colonial sJtfary land

It will be remembered in this connection, that the seal eventually used
on Bacon's title-page was engraved on wood by Thomas Sparrow of An-
napolis. On the title-page of the session laws of 1765, however, Green used
the seal of the Province, engraved by another hand. It is possible that here
was the plate made in response to Sharpe's request, but the reason that
Sparrow's woodcut was substituted for it in Bacon's book is not known.

In the meantime, on two occasions, November 13, 1764, and February
26, 1765, to be exact, the Governor had transmitted additional sheets of
the book as they issued from Green's press, announcing, in sending the second
set of gatherings, that the work was now "printed down so low as the year
1745." On tne tenth °f July 1765, he announced the approaching comple-
tion of the task in the following words:

"The Acts are at length all printed & I now send you copies of the last of them, & as
soon as some Copies of the Index & Preface can be printed the Books will be bound & ex-
posed to Sale; as soon as they are I shall transmit you some of them with the Great Seal
appendant to be lodged in the Council Office and delivered to the Board of Trade."1

Finally, on July 2ist, 1766, a year after the announcement that the print-
ing was practically completed, Sharpe wrote in the following terms to Hugh
Hamersly, who had now taken the place of Caecilius Calvert as secretary
to his Lordship:

"The Collection of the Maryland Laws which hath been printed here being at length
published I shall by a Ship of Mr. John Buchanan (Capt Hanrick) which is ready to sail
hence for London transmit you two bound Copies one of them for the Lords of Trade to be
presented with the inclosed Letter & the other for the use of the Council Office Their Lord-
ships having long ago called on me for them, the next Ship Capt. Richardson in Groves's
Employ will bring you another Copy or two."2

When one recalls that nearly six years had passed since the Lords of Trade
had given order that copies of the Maryland laws be sent them, one is in-
clined to admire the patience with which their Lordships had awaited their
transmittal no less than the coolness of the note from Sharpe which accom-
panied the volume when it was finally put into their hands. "My Lds,"said
the Governor,

"a compleat Collection of the Acts of Assembly which have been made in this Province
& are now in force having been just printed here after many obstructions & Delays I em-
brace the first opportunity to transmit Your Ldps a Copy in obedience to your Commands
some time ago signified to Your Ldps most obedt. humb. servt."3

At last then, the great book was printed and published, evidently in the
summer of 1766. Although the title-page bears the date 1765, yet from the

1 Sharpe Correspondence, July 10, 1765, Archives of Maryland, 14: 202.

2 Sharpe Correspondence, July 21, 1766, Archives of Maryland, 14: 322.

3 Sharpe Correspondence, July 25, 1766, Archives of Maryland, 14:322.

zA History of Printing in Colonial ^hCary land

fact that Sharpe did not transmit copies to England until July 31, 1766,
and from the further evidence that it was not until August 21, 1766, that
it was offered for sale in the Maryland Gazette by Mr. Lancelot Jacques of
Annapolis, one concludes that the printing of the index and preface, and
the binding of the book, referred to by Sharpe a year before, had held up
its publication much longer than had been anticipated. Into its making had
gone thirteen years of toil on the part of Bacon and four years of honest
labor on the part of Green, not to speak of much concern and activity ex-
ercised by Sharpe and others prominent in the Provincial government. Green
died about a year after its publication, while Bacon lived long enough to
see his laborious compilation become a work of unquestioned public use-
fulness. In scholarly and systematic arrangement as well as in accuracy and
completeness it excelled any of the former bodies of law which the Province
had possessed. Since the Revolution and its constitutional changes, Bacon's
compilation has been of little practical value in the courts, but until the
publication of the Archives of Maryland was begun in the closing years of
the nineteenth century, it remained to the historian and the antiquarian
the most useful single source on the past of the Province of Maryland. As
an easy and dependable guide to the store-house of Maryland history it re-
mains still without a rival. To possess a collection of works on Maryland
history from which a copy of Bacon has been omitted is to have a house
built upon sand, while a collection of colonial laws or of works illustrative
of American printing which does not include that work, by this omission
confesses itself incomplete.

Green issued Bacon's great book in two distinct editions; that is, on an
ordinary, thin but crisp and opaque paper, suitable for book work, and on a
thick, creamy writing paper of the same make and watermark as that which
the Province imported for many years for the volumes in which were writ-
ten its acts of Assembly.1 In this "large paper" edition the Bacon presents a
quiet splendor, a mellow and harmonious blending of paper and types which
was not surpassed in any book printed in colonial America.

In Green's masterpiece of typography there is perceived a lapidarian dig-
nity of intention,a determination, one seems justified in thinking, that these
laws of a free people should be inscribed in a manner worthy of the spirit in
which they had been enacted.

1From various evidences one concludes that this was a Dutch paper. The author sent a description of its
watermarks to Mr. G. J. Honig of Laandijk, Holland, who asserted the probability in a courteous reply that this
paper had been made by the house of L. van Gerrevink, at Egmond op de Hoef, near Alkmaar in Noord, Holland.

[no]

CHAPTER NINE

The ^Beginning of Printing in ^Baltimore Town— Nicholas Hasselbach—

Enoch Story the Younger— Hodge &> Shober—John T)unlap

of Philadelphia and ^Baltimore— James Hayes,Jr.

ALTHOUGH it had been erected and laid out in the year
1 729, the town of Baltimore began to assume prominence
only in the decade preceding the Revolution. In 1764,
the year before the establishment of its first press, Sharpe
wrote to Secretary Calvert concerning the town on the
Patapsco in these words: "but as you seem to have been
misinformed with respect to the Growth of Baltimore
Town I must observe to you that altho there is more Business transacted
there than at any other of our Maryland Towns, It is in point of both its
Trade & Buildings almost as much inferiour to Philada as Dover is to Lon-
don, nor do I suppose that it contains at this time more than two hundred
Families, it is however increasing & will probably very soon get the Start
of this City1 tho the number of Houses in this place also hath increased con-
siderably with these few years."2

The decade following the close of the Indian wars, indeed, proved to be
a period of great increase of population in northern and western Maryland,
an increase which brought Baltimore Town prominently forward as the nat-
ural port of the districts only then made safe for agricultural settlement.
The decline of the Eastern Shore tobacco trade and the coincidental growth
of the grain trade of the northern and western sections contributed further
to increase the importance of the port of entry on the Patapsco, so that when
the Revolutionary War began, Baltimore had become a town of about five
thousand inhabitants and the most important port of Maryland. At the com-
ing of its first printer, however, it was, as Governor Sharpe described it in
the passage quoted above, still in its swaddling clothes, and it must have
been with an eye for potentialities that its typographical pioneer set up his
press within its bounds early in the year 1765.

1 Annapolis.

2 Sharpe Correspondence, August 22, 1764, Archives of Maryland, 14: 173.

[Ill]

*A History of Printing in (Colonia

NICHOLAS HASSELBACH, 1765-1770

Nicholas Hasselbough or Hasselbach,1 a German who had emigrated to
Philadelphia in August 1749, is known to have been employed in the year
1755 "as papermaker in the late Mr. Koch's papermill on theWissahicken."
He is said to have learned printing from Christopher Sower, the universal
geniusof Germantown,and it is known that in the year 1762 he established
a press in Philadelphia in conjunction with Anthony Armbruester,2 a print-
er who was active for many years in the production of works in the Ger-
man language. Of their activities only one imprint remains.3 Two other
Philadelphia imprints of the years 1762 and 1763 have been recorded as
bearing the name of Hasselbach alone.4 He is known to have been in Phil-
adelphia as late as April 1764, but a little more than a year later, on July 6,
1765, Thomas Harrison transferred to him the lot in Baltimore Town next
to the Market House, which stood on what is now the northwest corner of
Gay and Baltimore Streets.

It is probable that at this location Hasselbach set up his printing estab-
lishment. He made other purchases of real estate in succeeding years, and
after his death his widow, Catherine Hasselbach, leased and purchased va-
rious properties in Baltimore and its vicinity. Late in the year 1769 or early
in 1770 Nicholas Hasselbach was lost at sea while in passage for Europe to
arrange there the details of a business venture, the nature of which is un-
known. In the year 1775 his widow rendered the first account of her hus-
band's estate which, less all debts, was valued at nearly two thousand pounds
sterling.6 It does not appear that she continued his press, but she kept his
equipment until the year 1773, when she sold it to William Goddard, then
newly come to Baltimore.6

It is said that the principal issues of Hasselbach's press, the first in Bal-
timore, were school books and other small works in the German and Eng-

1 Isaiah Thorns spells the name as first given. On the only known Baltimore imprint of this printer bearing
his name, it is spelled "Hasselbach."

2 Isaiah Thomas, 2d ed., gives an interesting account of Anthony Armbruester.

3 See Seidenstricker, O., First Century of German Printing in America, 1728-1830. Philadelphia, 1 893.

4 One of these, a German almanac for 1764, bore "Chestnut Hill" as its place of publication.

6 Isaiah Thomas has a sketch of Hasselbach, but the greater part of the information given above was obtained
from George W. McCreary's sketch of the printer in his reprint of Hasselbach's known Baltimore imprint, pub-
lished in Baltimore in 1903 under the title of The First Book Printed in Baltimore-Town. Hasselbach's widow
married a second time, George Aikenhead, a Scotch merchant of Baltimore, and after his death in 1781, she took
as her third husband, George Dowig, a Baltimore silversmith and jeweller who died in 1807. The former Mrs.
Hasselbach died in the same year in the eighty-second year of her age. The Hasselbachs were members of the
First German Reformed Church of Baltimore, and their descendants intermarried with some of the leading fam-
ilies of that place.

6 Isaiah Thomas records that Goddard afterwards sold part of this equipment to Francis Bailey of Lancaster,
Pennsylvania.

[112]

Typographical 'Beginnings in 'Baltimore

lish languages. Isaiah Thomas is responsible both for the statement that
he had in contemplation at the time of his death the printing of a German
Bible and for the preservation of the following anecdote which he says was
at one time current in Maryland. The story is that a Maryland missionary,
while addressing a congregation of Indians, held out his Bible and pro-
claimed that it was "the gospel — the truth — the work of God." "What!"
said one of his audience, "did the great all-powerful spirit make this book?"
"Yes," replied the missionary, "it is His work." The literal-minded Indian
answered indignantly, "I believe it to be a great lie! I go to Baltimore last
month where I see Dutchman make him. Great Spirit want no Dutchmen
to help him." Whether this anecdote meant that Hasselbach actually be-
gan the printing of a Bible, or whether the Indian in his scornful rejoinder
had reference to books in general as an article of German manufacture, Mr.
Thomas was unable to say, nor have later investigators been more fortu-
nate in determining the facts.

The single recorded Baltimore imprint bearing the name of Nicholas
Hasselbach is entitled, A Detection of the Conduct and Proceedings of Messrs.
Annan and Henderson . . .at Oxford, [Pa] Meeting-House, April 1 8 . . . 1764.
By John Redick.1 It is the labored relation of a quarrel between certain
members of the Presbyterian Church of Marshes Creek, near Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania, the matter of which does not concern this narrative. Its title-
page is without date, but the preface is dated from Tom's Creek, February
12, 1765. This little book of forty-seven pages is the earliest known exam-
ple of printing done in Baltimore and the only certainly known specimen
of Hasselbach's Baltimore press.

In the spring of 1768, while Hasselbach was still alive and presumably
active in the printing business in Baltimore,2 the inhabitants of that city
and of the lower part of Baltimore County circulated a printed petition,
addressed to the Governor and Assembly of Maryland, begging that the
county seat be transferred from Joppa to Baltimore Town on the Patapsco.
The petition was printed in three distinct forms3 and in two languages, Eng-
lish and German. These sheets are without imprint and there are three pos-
sibilities to be taken account of in a consideration of their origin: they may
have been from the Green press of Annapolis, but they are dissimilar to the
work of that press in the Roman types employed, and it is not known that

1 See bibliographical appendix. Only known copy in the library of Robert Garrett, Esq., of Baltimore.

2 See John Clapham's letter in the Maryland Gazette for September 22, 1768, and Bennet Allen's letter in the
same place on September 29, 1768, in each of which are reprinted hand-bills issued by Allen in the summe
1768 which, it is asserted in the letters, had been printed in Baltimore.

3 For full titles and descriptions of the three separate forms of this petition, see bibliographical appendix.

[113]

<iA History of Printing in Colonial tJtCary land

the Greens had in their possession a font of German types; they may have
been from a Philadelphia press, but there seems no good reason that the
work should have been carried to Philadelphia when a printer capable of
printing in both languages was living in Baltimore; they may have been
and probably were from the Baltimore press of Nicholas Hasselbach. Un-
fortunately there remains only one known specimen of Hasselbach's Bal-
timore press for comparison with them, and this, printed three years earlier,
evinces many typographical differences from the petitions. A prosperous
printer, however, would have renovated his fonts with such frequency as
to render this negative result of little importance in the investigation. On
the positive side there is the fact that the petitions were printed in both
Roman and German types, and that Hasselbach, a printer capable of print-
ing in both types, was living in Baltimore at the time that the work was
done, and further, that in a dispute where local pride was a large element
it would have been natural that the literature of the dispute should be printed
in the locality chiefly concerned. If these petitions, copies of which are now
in the Maryland Historical Society, may be truly attributed to Nicholas
Hasselbach's press, they are of particular interest in Baltimore printing
history as very early examples of the press in that city and as the first re-
corded issues of the Maryland press in the German type and language.

It has been mentioned here that Hasselbach's widow sold his equipment
to William Goddard, who set up an establishment in Baltimore in the year
1773. There is a tradition1 to the effect that Goddard believed himself at
this sale to be purchasing an outfit of Caslon type, but that he discovered
later a disparity in size between the bodies of his genuine Caslon and those
of Hasselbach's letters. It was the discovery of his error which led Goddard
to sell the Hasselbach fonts, which are said by Isaiah Thomas to have been
cast by Sower of Germantown, to Francis Bailey, a printer of Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, who at a later time, certainly, made conspicuous use of Sow-
er's type faces. There seems to be no evidence, however, that Sower had
commenced type-founding commercially before the year 1772, so that one
has difficulty in reconciling the tradition and the facts. The problem which is
here presented is of interest to the student of American type-founding.

HODGE AND SHOBER

After the death of Hasselbach, late in the year 1769 or early in 1770,
Baltimore was without a printer for nearly three years. It was not until

1 Related to the writer by Mr. Preston Fiddis, of Baltimore. Mr. Fiddis is a repository of Baltimore printing
traditions.

[114]

Typographical ^Beginnings in ^Baltimore

November 5, 1772, that the following announcement appeared in the Mary-
land Gazette:

Baltimore, Oct. 31, 1772.

Printing, In all its Different Branches, Performed with the greatest neatness, accuracy
and dispatch, by Hodge and Shober, At their new Printing-Office in Gay-Street a few doors
below Market-Street, and opposite to Dr. Henry Stevenson's; who intend shortly to ex-
hibit Proposals for publishing a News-Paper, which shall be justly entitled to the Attention
and Encouragement of this Flourishing Town and Province, both for Entertainment and
Elegance.

All kinds of Blanks, Hand-Bills, &c. &c. done in the neatest and most speedy Manner,
at said office.

For some reason the expectations of these two printers came to nothing.
They removed in this same year to New York, and no imprint remains to
attest that their press was actually set up and operated in Baltimore.

Robert Hodge, of this firm, was born in Scotland, where he learned his
trade. In 1770 he came to America, settled in Philadelphia and worked for
two years in the printing house of John Dunlap. His partner, Frederick
Shober, was German born. Coming early to this country, he served his ap-
prenticeship with Anthony Armbruester of Philadelphia. Both of theseprint-
ers bore the reputation of being industrious, prudent men as well as good
workmen. In 1 77 5 Hodge sold to Shober his share of the establishment which
they had set up in Maiden Lane, New York, on their removal to that city
from Baltimore, and during the next few years found employment in a Bos-
ton printing house. At the close of the Revolution he returned to New York
and established a book shop and publishing business in which, with varying
success, he continued almost until his death, at his home in Brooklyn, in the
year 1813.

After the dissolution of his partnership with Hodge, Frederick Shober
formed with Samuel Loudon, under the name of Shober & Loudon, a firm
which printed in New York for a few months, but becoming discouraged by
the certainty of war, he sold out to Loudon and became a farmer. He died
about the year 1806 near Shrewsbury, New Jersey.1

ENOCH STORY, THE YOUNGER, 1774-1775

Isaiah Thomas is authority for the statement that Enoch Story, the
younger, came to Baltimore sometime in the year 1772, immediately after
the expiration of his apprenticeship to William Hall of Philadelphia, but as
there exist no imprints from his Baltimore press before the year 1774, one
must conclude that the earlier date is questionable. This printer was a rel-

^he above facts relative to Messrs. Hodge & Shober after their departure from Baltimore are taken from
Isaiah Thomas.

iA History of Printing in Colonia

ative of the elder Enoch Story of the Philadelphia firm, later established,
of Story & Humphreys. His Baltimore office was situated "in Gay Street,
near the old Bridge", where he was to be found in the years 1774 and 1775.
It is recorded that he printed in the last-named year an edition of the New
England Primmer,1 but no copy of this work has been located. It is prob-
able that he could make no headway against the opposition of his rivals,
Mary Goddard and John Dunlap. As publishers of newspapers these two
would almost certainly have absorbed also the greater part of the local job
work. In spite of the fact, therefore, that Story was a good printer with
excellent equipment, he sold out his office to the Goddards in 1775 and re-
turned to Philadelphia. In that city he opened an office in Strawberry Alley
which Thomas says that he conducted for some years. No imprints of this
office are on record, however, and it seems that again he failed to secure the
needed patronage. He returned to Baltimore, we are informed, and died there
after another vain attempt at success in the printing business.

THE BALTIMORE BRANCH OF JOHN DUNLAP'S PHILADELPHIA HOUSE;

JAMES HAYES AND "DUNLAP'S MARYLAND GAZETTE,"

1775-1778; "THE MARYLAND GAZETTE, AND

ANNAPOLIS ADVERTISER," 1779

The story of the printing and journalistic activity in Baltimore of Wil-
liam and Mary Katherine Goddard is of such a character as to require a
separate chapter for its relation, and to them and their newspaper, The
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, the concluding portion of this
narrative has been devoted. The monopoly of the printing trade in Balti-
more which they held for a short period was broken up by the intrusion,
first, of Enoch Story, the Younger, and then more effectively, by the com-
ing of John Dunlap, who in the spring of 1775 established there a branch
of his Philadelphia house. This printer was born in the north of Ireland.
Emigrating to America, he was trained in typography in the office of his
uncle, William Dunlap of Philadelphia. When the elder Dunlap went to
England in 1766 to secure ordination in the ministry of the established
church, he resigned his printing house in Philadelphia to his nephew John,
who soon purchased it outright and conducted it so creditably as to deserve
the success that he met with in later years. He established and carried on
from 1771 to 1794 a newspaper called the Pennsylvania Packet. He was ap-
pointed printer to Congress in 1778 and for five years thereafter the printed
documents of that body, even when its sessions were held elsewhere than

1 Evans, No. 14273.

[116]

Typographical 'Beginnings in ^Baltimore

in Philadelphia, bore the imprint of John Dunlap. He is said to have re-
tired from business in 1795 possessed not only of a handsome fortune, but
of a reputation unique in journalism, "that whilst he conducted a news-
paper, he never inserted a paragraph which wounded the feelings of an in-
dividual."1 He died in Philadelphia in the year 1812.

Not satisfied with the extent of his Philadelphia printing and newspaper
business, John Dunlap began the publication in Baltimore on May 2, 1775,
of Dunlap' s Maryland Gazette; or the Baltimore General Advertiser, the im-
print of which read, "Baltimore: Printed by John Dunlap, at his Printing-
Office in Market-Street, where Subscriptions at Ten Shillings per Annum,
Advertisements &c. are received for this paper, and all manner of Printing
Work done with the utmost expedition." For more than three years Dun-
lap continued the proprietorship of this, the second Baltimore newspaper.
It was excellently edited, well printed and distinctly literary in its tone. It
is probable that in giving it up in 1778, Dunlap yielded to the pressure of
work which his position as printer to Congress entailed upon him.

JAMES HAYES, JR., TAKES OVER DUNLAP'S ESTABLISHMENT

Dunlap's office in Baltimore was conducted by James Hayes, Jr., who,
becoming ambitious, bought the property from its founder in theyear 1778.
On September 8th of that year Hayes announced that he was about to re-
move his printing establishment to a house four doors above Mr. Grant's
tavern on Market Street, where "having engaged the office of Mr. Dun-
lap, the original Proprietor," for whom, as he asserted, he had carried on
the business "upwards of three years past," he now proposed to continue
"in his own Name" the printing trade in all its branches. In the following
week the newspaper appeared with the changed t\t\z,The Mary land Gazette,
and Baltimore General Advertiser, volume 4, number 177, with Dunlap's
name removed from the title and displaced in the imprint by that of James
Hayes, Junior. It ceased publication in this form on January 5, 1779, and
its proprietor went to Annapolis to enter a field which the temporary cessa-
tion of Green's Mary land Gazettehad left open a year or more earlier.There,
in April 1779, he began the publication of the Maryland Gazette, and An-
napolis Advertiser* a. newspaper whereof even the memory would have dis-
appeared had it not been for the preservation in the Library of Congress of

1 Isaiah Thomas records this and the other foregoing facts in regard to Dunlap. He seems to have been una-
ware, however, of Dunlap's Maryland connection.

2 See Brigham, C. S., Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820. (Part III), in Proceedings of the Ameri-
can Antiquarian Society, April 1915. The author's indebtedness to Mr. Brigham is such as must be ackj

by all investigators of American literary history.

[117]

zA History of Printing in (Colonial 'zJtfary land

a single issue, that of July 9, 1779. It is likely that Hayes's Maryland Ga-
zette ceased to be published soon after this date.

The inauguration of a newspaper in Annapolis by Hayes seems to have
aroused the Greens to a resumption of their Maryland Gazette, for on April
30, 1779, the last day of the month in which the intruding printer had be-
gun his new publication, Frederick and Samuel Green resumed the print-
ing of the journal which their father had begun in the year 1745, and which
they and their descendants now proceeded to carry on for sixty uninter-
rupted years.

The foregoing sketch of Baltimore printing in the colonial period does
not do justice to the early typographical history of that town, for the rea-
son that in its pages William and Mary Katherine Goddard have been men-
tioned only incidentally. Their activities, to which the ensuing chapter is
devoted, add importance and a touch of color to the story of disappoint-
ment and failure which is the burden of the tale here concluded.

[118]

CHAPTER TEN

William Goddard printer of * 'Providence, New YorkfPhiladelphia and

'Baltimore ', Founder of the United States 'Post Office—

^hCary Katherine GoddardfPrinter of 'Baltimore

N the envisagement of the early history of typography in
Baltimore, those practitioners of the craft whose activ-
ities have been recorded in the preceding chapter merge
into a background against which stands relieved the high-
colored figure of William Goddard, a printer and jour-
nalist of four American colonies and an individual who
is known to posterity chiefly as the "Tory" founder of
the postal system of the United States. Restless, ambitious, zealous, he
plunged headlong into every project which he undertook, investing his least
action unconsciously with that vividness of personality which sets an indi-
vidual apart from his fellows even when, as in this instance, it does not exalt
him above them.

Biographers have presented William Goddard to us in contrasted colors.1
Lorenzo Sabine, for example, has enrolled him in that questionable mar-
tyrology which we know as The American Loyalists; Isaiah Thomas, who
knew him well, has lauded him as an unregarded patriot. The facts of his
life, if studied superficially, might well be interpreted as they were by Sabine,
but it will be shown here that although Goddard became the enemy of the
popular party in Pennsylvania, yet was he to be found busily working in
the service of the colonies at a time when many former leaders of that party
were making terms with the British; that when the Baltimore mob hustled
him from the city for a supposed act of disloyalty, the Maryland Assembly

1 The limits of a single chapter permit only a skeleton outline of the activities in Baltimore and elsewhere of
William Goddard, a many-sided and active man. Brief as it necessarily is, however, the author has attempted by
the citation of numerous references and documents to make easy the path of any investigator who may be in-
spired with the worthy idea of giving William Goddard monographic treatment. For the general facts of God-
dard's life, Isaiah Thomas is a reliable guide. Scharf 's Chronicles of Baltimore provides much information as to
his Baltimore enterprises. The present writer, however, is under a most particular obligation to Mr. Wm. J.
M'Clellan of Baltimore, who on August 20, 1898, August 17, 1902, and August 27, 1905, contributed articles to
the Baltimore American in which were displayed the fruits of an unremitting zeal in local antiquanamsm and a
life-long enthusiasm for William and Mary Goddard. Of Mr. M'Clellan's personal courtesy and helpfulness, tn<
author here expresses his appreciation.

[119]

<iA History of Printing in Colonial <Mary land

gave him its protection and restored him to his home and occupation. A
knowledge of the facts of his life shows that the misunderstanding of his
political character which existed among many of his contemporaries may
well be traced to his own tactlessness and to his lack of that higher form of
humor whereby a man is enabled to see his own actions in just perspective;
a characteristic which in positive terms may be described as the possession
of that mental and spiritual defect known as obstinacy. It does not com-
mend him to us any the less, however, when we learn that these character-
istics of tactlessness and obstinacy were brought out chiefly in situations
into which he had been drawn by loyalty to his friends, by refusal to pay
homage to popular idols and by a willingness to fight and to suffer for the
liberty of the press.

William Goddard was born in New London, Connecticut, in the year
I74O,1 the son of Giles Goddard, physician and postmaster in that town,
and his wife, Sarah Updike, who was the daughter of Lodowick Updike and
the representative of an old Rhode Island family.2 It was probably in 1755,
two years before the death of his father, that young William Goddard was
apprenticed to James Parker, who in this year, in partnership with John
Holt, had established at New Haven a newspaper known as the Connecticut
Gazette. In this place, it is significant to notice, the two printers acted for
some years as postmaster and deputy postmaster respectively. Parker soon
returned to New York whither in 1760 Holt followed him. As James Parker
and Company they established on July 31, 1760, the New-York Gazette and
Weekly Post-Boy. 3 It is probable that young William Goddard served with
these eminent printers in both New Haven and New York. Their partner-
ship was dissolved on May 2, 1762, and at about the same time Goddard's
articles of apprenticeship expired. Not much more than a month after this
date he appeared in Providence, Rhode Island, as the proprietor of the first
printing office to be set up in that city.

In his venture as the inaugurator of printing in Providence in the month
of July 1762, as in all of his ventures while she lived, Goddard had the sup-
port of that excellent woman, his mother, who in this instance advanced
from her own purse three hundred pounds for the establishment of his office.
He began his operations in theusual humble fashion of the colonial printer;
his earliest recorded publications were a broadside in which was proclaimed

1 The Op Dyck Genealogy, by C. W. Opdyke. N. Y. 1889.

2 Ibid.

3Paltsits, V. H., "John Holt, Printer and Postmaster," in Bulletin of the New York Public Library, September
20, 1920, gives a concise statement of the relations of Parker and Holt and prints a number of interesting letters
and documents relating to Holt and his public and private life.

[120]

William and<Mary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

the fall of Moro Castle at Havana,1 and a play-bill announcing a perform-
ance at the local theatre. A few sermons followed, and on August 31, 1762,
he published the prospectus of the Providence Gazette and Country Journal,
a newspaper which first appeared on October aoth of the same year. For
two and a half years, in spite of the fact that it was a well-edited sheet,
Goddard's paper struggled so unsuccessfully against the indifference of the
community that on May 1 1, 1765, it was forced to discontinue for lack of
support. Goddard attempted to resume its publication by an issue dated
August 24, 1765, headed "Vox Populi, Vox Dei. A Providence Gazette Ex-
traordinary . . . Printed by S. and W. Goddard," but failing to receive the
eight hundred subscriptions upon which its resumption had been made con-
tingent, he allowed it once more to lapse. It was not until after the repeal
of the Stamp Act, when Goddard had been resident in New York for many
months, that on August 9, 1766, his journal was resumed and conducted
successfully for some time thereafter by "Sarah Goddard and Company."2
After his appearance there, in August 1 765, William Goddard never returned
to Providence to take up his trade. It was probably during the years of his
absence, and in her mother's service, that his sister, Mary Katherine God-
dard, learned the practical side of typography and journalism, a knowledge
which she put to distinguished use several years later in Baltimore.

It was during his period of discouragement in Providence3 that his friends,
Messrs. Parker and Holt, urged Goddard to leave that unpromising field
and to come to New York where his abilities would meet with greater ap-
preciation and recompense.4 Urged by the restlessness which drove him ever

1 For these and the other Rhode Island publications of Goddard, see Rhode Island Imprints, compiled by the
John Carter Brown Library. Moro Castle fell on August 14, 1762. There could not have been a great many days
intervening between the publication of Goddard's broadside announcement of the victory and that of his news-
paper prospectus on August 31, 1762.

2 Goddard's mother continued the printing and newspaper business actively in Providence until November
1768, when she sold the establishment and removed to Philadelphia, where she again invested in her son's busi-
ness. (A list of her imprints during these years in Providence is to be found in Rhode Island Imprints, before men-
tioned). The purchaser of her Providence office was John Carter, whom Goddard had sent to her assistance from
Philadelphia. He became a personage in Rhode Island. Among his descendants was John Carter Brown, the
founder of the great library of that name in Providence. Mrs. Goddard died in Philadelphia on January 5, 1770.
(Obituary in Providence Gazette for February 10, 1770). With her passing went the single restraining influence of
his early life. Her exhortations to him (see The Partnership} to refrain from wasting his strength in petty con-
troversies, her insistence that the ancient law of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth had been repealed by
the higher mandate of "Love one another," fill one with admiration for her maternal solicitude, her Christian
gentlehood and her sound wordly sense.

3 For excellent accounts of William Goddard and his activities in Providence, see Printers and Printing in
Providence, 1762-1907, [by Hugh F. Carroll]; article in Providence Journal for October 20, 1912; Arnold, S. G.,
History of the State of Rhode Island. 2 vol. Providence 1894; Kimball, G. S., Providence in Colonial Times. Boston,
1912. In the last named and in the Collections of the Rhode Island Historical Society, y. 12, no. 2, April 1919,
are excellent portraits of Goddard, showing him in young manhood and old age, respectively.

4 The Partnership: or the history of the Rise and Progress of the Pennsylvania Chronicle, 6fc. Wherein the Cond"ct
of Joseph Galloway, Esq; Speaker of the Honourable House of Representatives of the Province of Pennsylvania, Mr.

[121]

<^4 History of Printing in Colonial zJxCary land

afterwards from one city to another, Goddard joined the staff of John Holt
sometime in the late spring or early summer of 1765. Since May 6, 1762,
when he had hired the New York business of the firm of James Parker and
Company from the principal owner, John Holt had been conducting alone
the New-York Gazette and Weekly Post-Boy , and Goddard doubtless had
cherished good expectations in joining him in its publication. He asserted
afterwards that his prospects in New York were ruined by the disagree-
ment which arose between Parker and Holt some months after his arrival
in that city.1 Parker had determined to resume his New York printing bus-
iness and to takeinto his own hands the publicationof the newspaper which
he had leased to Holt some years before. Holt seems to have felt himself
badly used in being compelled to turn over to his former partner the good-
will which had attached itself to the newspaper through his successful con-
duct of it during the preceding four years.2 Between these two, Goddard,
the friend of both, found himself awkwardly placed, inasmuch as either
would have been offended if he had associated himself permanently with
the other. He has left it on record, however, that by his interposition, he
was able to prevent his two friends from coming to an open break,3 and
further, that Parkergave consent to his remaining with Holt untilhe should
be able to form a permanent association elsewhere. He worked with Holt,
therefore, until the late spring of 1766. In June of that year he set up an
establishment in Philadelphia, once more filled with that hope of success
and distinction which never entirely left him until the approach of old age
drove him to seek contentment in rural pursuits.

In the meantime, he had done more in New York than merely act as as-
sistant to John Holt in the printing of the Gazette and Post-Boy . In the vol-
uminous literature which opposition to the Stamp Act called forth, one finds
i curious publication in newspaper form, the printing of which has been
attributed by Isaiah Thomas, and others, to William Goddard. Thomas
comments on this publication in the following words:

Thomas Wharton, Sen. and their Man Benjamin Towne, my Late Partners, With my Own is Properly Delineated,
and their Calumnies Against me Fully Refuted. . . . Philadelphia: Printed by William Goddard, in Arch Street,
between Front and Second Streets, 1770. 72 pp. 8vo.

1 The Partnership.

2 Victor Hugo Paltsits in "John Holt, Printer and Postmaster," before referred to, gives the details of this dis-
agreement in so far as it was externally apparent in the pages of the newspaper, which Parker took over finally in
October 1766. The advertisements which he quotes show that there was bitterness beneath the smooth surface
which these two printers presented to the world, so that Goddard's brief account of their disagreement does not
come as a surprise.

3 The Partnership. Goddard's representation of himself in this instance as an angel of peace is not without its
amusing elements in view of the tone of his attack upon his own partners which occupies the ensuing seventy
pages of his pamphlet.

[122]

William and^Mary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

"It was entitled The Constitutional Courant, Containing Matters interesting to Liberty —
but no wise repugnant to Loyalty. Imprint, Printed by Andrew Marvel, at the Sign of the
Bribe refused, on Constitution-Hill, North America. In the center of the title was a device
of a snake, cut into parts, to represent the colonies. Motto — Join or die. After the title fol-
lowed an address to the public from the fictitious publisher Andrew Marvel. This paper was
without date but was printed in September I765.1. . . A large edition was printed, . . .
It excited some commotion in New York, and was taken notice of by government. A coun-
cil was called, . . . but as no discovery was made of the author or printer, nothing was
done. . . . Only one number of the Constitutional Courant was published; a continuance
of it was never intended. It was printed by William Goddard."2

In his first edition Mr. Thomas asserted that the Constitutional Courant,
or the Constitutional Gazette, us he incorrectly called it, had been printed by
Goddard, with the connivance of Parker, in Parker's shop in Burlington,
New Jersey. The editors of his second edition changed the word Burlington
toWoodbridge,and later bibliographers have accepted the correction.

It does not seem as if, in these years of journalistic apprenticeship, Wil-
liam Goddard were training for Toryism.

GODDARD GOES TO PHILADELPHIA

Goddard has related that he was moved to leave New York by hearing of
the dissolution of the old partnership of Franklin and Hall, of Philadelphia.
He persuaded himself that from this occurrence there should arise in that
city an opportunity for a young printer of journalistic ambitions.3 Accord-
ingly he went to the Pennsylvania city in June 1766, bearing a letter, which
he had obtained on the way, from William Franklin, then Governor of New
Jersey, to Joseph Galloway, Esq., a Maryland Quaker who had been for
many years resident in Philadelphia and active in its politics. In his turn,
Galloway introduced him to Mr. Thomas Wharton, a prominent Quaker
politician and merchant. If it were possible to accept unreservedly God-
dard's account in The Partnership of the agreement which these three now
entered into, one would be convinced that here had been reenacted the old
nursery rhyme, wherein the Spider invited the Fly into her parlor with a

^his is a mistake; the paper is dated September ai, 1765. See title as given by Evans, note No. 2, below.

'Thomas, ad ed., 2: 130. Evans, No. 9941, gives the full title as follows: The Constitutional Courant. Containing
Matters Interesting to Liberty— But No Wise Repugnant to Loyalty. Numb. I, Saturday, September 21, 1765.
[Woodbridge, New-Jersey:] Printed by Andrew Marvel [William Goddard] at the Sign of the bribe refused, on
Constitution-Hill, North America. [1765.] pp. (2). fol.

Buckingham, J. T., Specimens of Newspaper Literature, etc., 2 v., Boston 1850, 1 : 246, describes the put
tion, and in i: 236, in speaking of an issue of the Massachusetts Spy, which also bore a cut of the disjoi:
snake, states that the first use in the colonies of this celebrated symbol had been in the heading of The Lorn
tional Courant. Franklin, however, had used this emblem and motto on the Pennsylvania Gazette of May 9, 1754
See Hildeburn, No. 1378.

8 The Partnership.

*A History of Printing in Colonial tJXCary land

cordiality beneath which lay a sinister intention. One turns from Goddard's
ill-mannered and splenetic accounts of his Philadelphia experience, how-
ever, whenever possible; appreciation of the lack of mental balance which
he exhibited in The Partnership and in other controversial writings of this
period of his life destroys confidence in whatever testimony he offers in his
own behalf. Governor William Franklin, writing to his father in London on
November I3th, I766,1 gives a version of the formation of the partnership
by Goddard, Galloway and Wharton, which differs only in temper from
that later published in Goddard's pamphlet. It seems, according to His Ex-
cellency of New Jersey, that since the dissolution of the firm of Franklin
and Hall, the anti-Proprietary party of Pennsylvania had been unable to
reach the public through the press. Hall was not favorable to its members,
and whatever they submitted either to him or to Bradford for publication
in their newspapers was sure to be censored by some one in the Proprietary
party before being printed. Reserving a place for Franklin should he desire
it on his return, Messrs. Galloway and Wharton therefore had entered into
partnership with Goddard, for the particular purpose of publishing an anti-
Proprietary newspaper. Goddard had brought several good fonts of type
with him, but having left his press in Providence with his mother, Gover-
nor Franklin and Mrs. Benjamin Franklin had hired to the partners one of
Benjamin's old presses, and rented them the old printing shop in Market
Street. The anti-Proprietary members of the Assembly were to see to it that
Goddard should receive the public work and that his newspaper should be
well patronized. In general, one learns from Governor Franklin, the pros-
pects of the firm were promising, and much satisfactory service was ex-
pected from it by the party which was its patron.2

A little more than a month after this letter was written, on December
23, 1766, Goddard issued from his own shop proposals3 for the publication
of a newspaper to be known as The Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal
Advertiser, and on January 6, 1767, appeared the first issue of a journal
which has been described as the best which was published in Pennsylvania
prior to the Revolution. In a letter from one of the partners, Thomas Whar-
ton, written to Benjamin Franklin a month later, it was asserted that the
new journal had begun publication with seven hundred subscribers.4

1 Franklin Papers, in American Philosophical Society, XLII : 3. Printed in Bigelow, John, The Complete Works
of Benjamin Franklin, 3: 511.

2 For another contemporary reference to the new newspaper, see Pennsylvania Magazine of History, 10: 229-
232, letter of Wm. Strahan to David Hall.

'Evans, No. 10319.

4 Franklin Papers in American Philosophical Society, II: 66, dated February 7, 1767.

William and^fCary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

The Pennsylvania Chronicle began its life as the chosen organ of the Junta,
that anti-Proprietary organization which Franklin had brought into being
years before, and in which Galloway and Wharton were among his promi-
nent associates. These gentlemen and their friends of the opposition were its
principal contributors; Franklin himself sent from England for its columns
many of those essays which served to mould the political thought of the
time. Some of the friends of the Chronicle ', while sincere enough in their ab-
horrence of the Proprietary, yet were only lukewarm on the larger question
of opposition to the measures of the Crown in its administration of the colo-
nies. Among these, unfortunately for Goddard, who was a patriot of another
stripe, were his partners, Messrs. Galloway and Wharton, the first ofwhom
already had begun to lose standing with the more zealous by his perfunc-
tory opposition to the Stamp Act in 1765. He resented Goddard's action in
beginning in the Chronicle , on December 3, 1767, the publication of John
Dickinson's "Letters from a Farmer,"1 a series of political essays wherein
the broader question of American rights was discussed in a manner which
influenced the increasing anti-British sentiment of the colonies. On his part
Goddard resented no less bitterly the necessity which he was under of as-
sailing on every occasion the Proprietary government of Pennsylvania, a pol-
icy for the prosecution of which his newspaper had been established, but
of which he had wearied early in the campaign. It has been said, to put the
result of the disagreement briefly, that "The obstinate Goddard refused to
conduct the paper according to the wishes of the dictatorial Galloway, and
the Chronicle, instead of supporting the Assembly party, became a bitter
opponent of its former patron."2 It is probable that this desertion of the
cause of the Pennsylvania Assembly by Goddard provided the basis for the
accusation of Toryism brought against him in later years, but it should be
observed again that at the outbreak of the Revolution it was Galloway and
Wharton who joined the British while Goddard remained in the American
camp, and that it was this so-called "Tory," who after having labored with
all of his strength in the service of the colonies in a civilian capacity, strove
to secure an appointment from the Congress as a field officer in its army.

In the year 1769 Galloway and Wharton withdrew from partnership with
the unmanageable Goddard, who affirmed afterwards that before the dis-
solution they had compelled him to take as a partner their "spy," Benja-
min Towne, a journeyman printer of the establishment. Towne asserted

^his was the initial publication of Dickinson's "Letters." Newspapers throughout the colonies immediately
began to reprint them as they appeared in Goddard's journal.

2 See Joseph Galloway, the Loyalist Politician, by Ernest H. Baldwin, in the Pennsylvania Magazine of H
26: 161-191, 289-321, 417-442.

zA History of Printing in Colonial <3xCary land

flatly that Goddard had taken him into the firm because he owed him jour-
neyman's wages which he could not hope to pay otherwise than by giving
him a share in the business. Whatever may have been the true reason for
the new partnership, it turned out to be the unhappiest arrangement which
any two men ever formed for the conduct of a business enterprise. God-
dard hated Towne of all men second only to Galloway, and in the intervals
between his attacks on the latter, he assailed his new partner in a manner
the coarsestand mostvindictivepossible.1 His great purpose in life after the
separation from his earlier partners, however, left him relatively little time
to devote to Towne's discomfiture, for his campaign to prevent Galloway's
re-election to the Pennsylvania Assembly took precedence of all lesser con-
tests. One of its first offensives, if the military figure may be carried out,
was the publication in 1770 of The Partnership, a pamphlet in which he left
unsaid nothing that could blacken the character of his former associates,
except probably a few unimportant things which he forgot to record. In the
seventy-two closely printed and frequently tedious pages of this pamphlet is
to be found a mixture of mockery, "appeals of injured innocence," and down-
right blackguardism, the whole composed in a voluble, exaggerated style
which at times is as shrill as a fish-wife's curse. How greatly he was in the
wrong or how greatly he had been wronged becomes a matter of little im-
portance in the face of the evidence which his defense presents of his lack
of mental balance, a quality, which, had he possessed it, would have com-
bined with his energy and talents to raise him to a high place in the life of
the nation then in gestation. Of this or of a later literary assault on Gallo-
way by the author of The Partnership, Franklin wrote to his son, "I cast
my eye over Goddard's Piece against our friend Mr. Galloway, and then
lit my fire with it. I think such feeble, malicious Attacks cannot hurt him."2
By leaving Philadelphia and standing for the Assembly from the county of

1Of the quarrel between Goddard and Towne, little need be said. It can be read in The Partnership; in the
sheet issued by ^owne on July 31, 1770, entitled "To the Public, and particularly the kind customers of the
Pennsylvania Chronicle," in which Towne gives a sober account of his relations with one whom he considers to
have been mentally unbalanced; and in a broadside "Advertisement" of August i, 1770, in which Goddard re-
plied to Towne's dignified paper of the day before. These broadsides are in the Franklin Collection of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, XII: 41 and X: 8, respectively. Goddard's language in the "Advertisement" was par-
ticularly rude. He seems to have been suffering under delusions of persecution at this time. Towne was a capable
man whose politics changed during the Revolution in accordance with the distance of the British troops from
Philadelphia. Isaiah Thomas gives an excellent sketch of him. The partnership lasted from May 19, 1769, until
soon after the death of Goddard's mother on January 5, 1770, when Towne brought suit for its dissolution. In
the meantime Goddard continued the Chronicle with his sister as silent partner. On the verso of the title-page
of volume 3 of the paper (photostat copy in New York Public Library), he announced under date of February
1 2, 1770, the continuance and improvement of his journal, and asserted that he had purchased "an elegant Ma-
hogany Press, made by an ingenious watchmaker, at New Haven," and that he was expecting by every ship fonts
of "a beautiful new Elzivir Type, made by an inimitable Founder in England."

2 Franklin to William Franklin, January 30, 1 772. In Smyth, A. H., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin, 5 : 378 .

[126]

William and^Mary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

Bucks, Galloway succeeded in being re-elected in the years 1770 and 1772,
but Goddard's attacks seem so far to have shaken him that he contemplated
retiring from public life. From this step he was dissuaded by Franklin, who
retained esteem for his old friend of the Junta until the very eve of the
Revolution.1

Even the small triumph which Goddard attained in harassing his enemy
cost him more than it came to, for with the financial support of Galloway
and Wharton withdrawn, and with constant dissension existing between
Goddard and Towne, the affairs of The Pennsylvania Chronicle fell to such
a depth that eventually creditors descended upon the property and took
possession of it. In a letter from William Strahan,2 a London printer and
publisher, is to be read the beginning of the catastrophe. Writing to Frank-
lin on August 2i,i772,Strahan says:

"As you will probably write to Philadelphia by some of the Vessels now about to sail
thither, may I request the favour of you to remind Mr. Galloway of the Money due to me
for Types and Newspapers sent to Mr. Goddard by his order above four Years ago, and
which, as stated in my Letter to him of the 6th Deer. 1770. amounted to £172: 15: 2. I
wrote him the 7th of August last Year to which I have had no Answer. — It is surely high
time this Money was repaid, which I beg your Interposition to procure me without farther
Delay. It is hard I should suffer by the Madness and Ingratitude of Goddard whom I never
had the least Concern with. It was Mr. Galloway's Order that I obeyed; and to him I look
for my Reimbursement."3

By just what steps the final ruin of the business was consummated, it is
not clear, but it iscertain thatwithin twomonths after thedateof Strahan's
letter, the "mad" and "ungrateful" Goddard had begun to plan a retreat
from his difficult position. Drawn always southward by his changing for-
tunes, he now made proposals for the establishment of a printing house in
Baltimore, and in that city, less than a year later, he established himself in
business, as he has recorded, on the capital of "a single solitary guinea."4
The last issue of The Pennsylvania Chronicle bore the date of February 8,
1774, and when it expired with its three hundred and sixty-eighth number,
the Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser could boast already six
months of vigorous life.

1 Joseph Galloway, the Loyalist Politician, before cited. In a letter to Abel James, December 2, 1772 (Smyth,
A. H., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin, 5: 461), Franklin says that he does not understand why James and
Fox were slighted in the election, "while Goddard was voted for by so great a number." This is the only intima-
tion which the author has seen that Goddard offered himself as a candidate for the Assembly or other office.

2 William Strahan, printer and member of Parliament, b. 1715, d. 1785. He was the friend of Franklin and of
Dr. Samuel Johnson and the London agent of many Pennsylvania printers. It was to him that Frank
his celebrated letter at the outbreak of the Revolution, concluding with the words: "You are now my enemy, an
I am, Yours, B. Franklin."

3 Franklin Papers in American Philosophical Society, III: 117.

4 Maryland Journal, August 14, 1792.

<^4History of Printing in Colonial zJxfary land

GODDARD IN BALTIMORE

In the year 1773 Baltimore Town was a small city of about five thousand
inhabitants. Its growth in size and importance had been notably rapid in
the past decade, but it was not until after the conclusion of the Revolution
that it became one of the great mercantile centers of America. At this time
it had never had a newspaper, and since its foundation only three printers
had been established within its limits. Its citizens therefore must have read
with quickened interest an advertisement which was carried in the Mary-
land Gazette of Annapolis on October 20, 1772, in which William Goddard,
already well known throughout the Province, writing from Baltimore Town,
announced that on the invitation of many gentlemen of that city he had
"engaged a suitable printing apparatus" with which he intended to prose-
cute the printing business there in all its branches in English and other
languages, and particularly that he proposed "to publish by subscription,
with all possible expedition, a weekly newspaper, under the title of the
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, at the moderate price often
shillings current money per annum ... to be published regularly every Sat-
urday morning."

Nearly seven months passed, however, before Goddard was ready for
business. On May 12, 1773, he advertised again in the Maryland Gazette
that printing was performed "in a neat, correct and expeditious manner,
on the most reasonable terms, by William Goddard, at his printing office,
at the corner of South and Market Streets,1 nearly opposite to Mrs. Chil-
ton's in Baltimore-Town." He begged in the same advertisement that all
subscriptions to the Maryland Jo urnal which had been received by his agents
be sent to him, so that he might know how many papers to print, and in
conclusion he promised that the paper would be published as soon as proper
posts or carriers had been established.

In the first number of the Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser,
published August 20, 1773, Goddard apologized for the delay in the ap-
pearance of the paper, and asked consideration of the many disadvantages
under which it had been brought out, notably his inability, because of ill-
ness, to establish a special post between Baltimore and Philadelphia. He
proclaimed his intention of publishing any contributions received by him in
favor of liberty and the rights of man, provided the language were decent
and compatible with good government, but he affirmed resolutely that his
paper was to be without party bias. Among the advertisements in the first

1 The corner known to the present generation of Baltimoreans as the site of the Sun Iron Building, the print-
ing and editorial office of the Baltimore Sun, until its destruction in the fire of February 1904.

[128]

William andtMary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

issue of the paper was one in which George Washington of Mt.Vernon in
Virginia offered for sale twenty thousand acres of western lands.

On November 2oth the publisher of the Maryland Journal apologized
once more for the irregular issue and delivery of his paper, but he pledged
himself, now that he had returned from the north restored in health, hence-
forward to make its publication the primary object of his attention. It seemed
for a few months that he had been sincere in making this promise to his
public, but clearly he had made it without reckoning on the attraction of
that other and more absorbing interest which was gradually taking posses-
sion of his thoughts. In February 1 774, his sister, Mary Katherine Goddard,
assumed control of the newspaper for what she doubtless thought would
be the temporary absence of her brother. A year later, however, he had not
returned to take up his responsibilities and his name was removed from the
imprint of the journal, where it did not reappear until nearly a decade had
passed. During the first two years of this period Goddard was busy at a
task for the successful performance of which he has been given credit, but
only scant praise, by historians; that is, the establishment of the postal sys-
tem which was afterwards taken over by the Continental Congress, and
which exists today as the United States Post Office.

WILLIAM GODDARD AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
"CONSTITUTIONAL POST OFFICE"

In seeking for the beginnings of Goddard's interest in American postal
operations it is necessary to go very far back indeed in his life, for at one
time, Dr. Giles Goddard had been postmaster of New London, and it is
probable that throughout the receptive years of boyhood, the future founder
of the United States Post Office had heard in his father's house much dis-
cussion of the British colonial postal system. While in Providence he was
himself for a short time deputy postmaster of that place, and during his
youth and early manhood his constant employment in and management of
newspaper offices had kept him in intimate association with a system for
which he seems to have acquired nothing but contempt and aversion.1 His
former associates, James Parker and John Holt, had been postmasters at
New Haven, and John Holt became in later years a virile critic of the colo-
nial post.2 The delivery of newspapers to their rural subscribers seems to

1 There was in colonial da

iys, as there is now, a close connection between the post office and the publisher. This

condition is interestingly set forth in Mr. Paltsits's article on John Holt referred to earlier in this chapter; in
American Archives, 4th series, 2: 537, and in "Letters from James Parker to Benjamin Franklm
of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 2d series, 16: 186-232, May 1902.

2 See Mr. Paltsits's article before referred to. See also American Archives, 4th Series, 2: 537.

*A History of Printing in

have been a frequent issue between the postal authorities and the printers.
In a letter which will be quoted later, Goddard, in writing of himself, inti-
mated that more than any other American printer he had been badly used
by the ministerial PostOffice,and from another source1 onelearns that hav-
ing become unfavorably known to the government as the proprietor of "a
very free press," he had suffered unusual oppression by the Post Office about
the year 1770, when he had been charged one pound sterling a week for the
deli very of three hundred and fifty papers to places outside of Philadelphia.
From his first coming to Baltimore, Goddard, who had learned his lesson,
seems to have had in mind a plan by the execution of which he might ren-
der himself independent of the established postal system, but it is doubtful
if at this time he was thinking of anything more ambitious than the estab-
lishment of a private line of riders between Philadelphia and his newly-
chosen abode.

In early issues of his journal in the summer and autumn of 1773, one
finds him advertising for reliable men to act as post riders. That he was
successful in obtaining them and that his plan already had begun to be en-
larged is made certain by the fact that on December 30, 1773, the news of
the Boston Tea Party was brought from New York to his office in Balti-
more by his own riders. About this time his idea seems to have advanced
from the embryo, for on February 17, 1774, Mary Katherine Goddard in-
formed the readers of the Maryland Journal that she would conduct the
newspaper and printing business of her brother during his absence from
Baltimore in the prosecution of a very important affair, "interesting to the
common liberties of all America." This was, of course, the establishment
of the "Constitutional Post Office," from which, and not from the British
colonial post, the United States Post Office derives its origin.

Following the announcement made by Miss Goddard which has been re-
ferred to, Goddard spent the ensuing months in an eager questing of men
and funds wherewith there might be inaugurated a post office system2 to
supplant that one which had been conducted more or less satisfactorily since
its establishment in the colonies by an Act of Parliament in 1710. At this
time, Benjamin Franklin, although he had been resident in England for
about nine years, was holding under the British ministry the position of
Postmaster General of the colonies. There was general dissatisfaction with
the administration of the system, and although the great esteem in which

1 American Archives •, 4th Series, 1 : 500.

2 See American Archives, 4th Series, i : 500 et seq. where are given copious extracts from letters and newspapers
of various colonies from Massachusetts to Virginia in which Goddard may be followed in his journeys and exer-
tions in the cause of a Constitutional Post Office.

William and<3tfary Goddard, Printers and Pub lie Servants

Franklin was held throughout the colonies served in a measure to keep crit-
ical tongues silent, Goddard, either because he did not share in the general
admiration of one who was the friend of his personal enemies, or because
he was bolder than other disaffected publishers, came out in an attack upon
the system which caused some perturbation among the friends of the ab-
sentee Postmaster General. On March 31, 1774, a correspondent in Boston
wrote to Franklin enclosing papers in which were contained one of these
attacks on the Post Office, to which he added the following comment: "the
attack ... by all I can learn orriginated with Mr. Goddard, and he says is
adopted at the Southward. I can't yet learn what incouragement it meets
here, he has proposed a subscription to pay Riders to go from hence to
Hartford to receive the Mails and bring them to Boston, to be deliver'd to
such Post Masters as shall be chosen by the subscribers. . . .'^From another
source one learns that the proposals had been kindly received in Boston, for
a month after this, Governor Franklin wrote to his father, lately dismissed
from his office of Postmaster General,2 in the following words:

"Your Friends in Boston, as I am told, before they heard of your running any Risk of a
Dismission were encouraging Goddard in his new Post Office, which if successful must have
deprived you of your Salary as Postmr. Genl. even if you had not been deprived of your
office."3

In view of these revelations there remains less cause for astonishment
that Franklin should have passed over Goddard when, a year or so later,
he was filling the higher offices of the American postal system. It should be
said, however, that Goddard does not seem to have been instigated in his
attacks on the Post Office by any personal feeling against Franklin. In an
announcement, published in the Maryland Journal on July 16, 1774, he
referred indignantly to the treatment which had been accorded the former
Postmaster General, and asserted that the American people, "since the in-
famous Dismission of the worthy Dr. Franklin, and the hostile attack on
the Town and Port of Boston, are unalterably determined to support a new
constitutional Post Office on the ruins of one that hath for its Basis the
slavery of America."

It is probable that the newspaper attack on the Post Office which has been
referred to as having been transmitted to Franklin by a Boston correspond-
ent on March 31, 1774, was the same in essentials as that which appeared in
the Maryland Journal on July 2, 1774, wherein Goddard announced that,

1 Franklin Papers, IV: 12, in American Philosophical Society: Tuthill Hubbart to B. F., March 31, 1774.

2 Franklin's transmission to Massachusetts of the contents of letters to the British Ministry from certai
ton loyalists had been visited upon him by his dismissal from the office of postmaster genera.

3 Franklin Papers, IV: 17, American Philosophical Society: William Franklin to B. F., May 3, 1774-

[130

<iA History of Printing in Colonial tJfCary land

"The Printer of this Paper, with great Pleasure, acquaints the Public, that his Proposal
for Establishing an American Post Office, on constitutional Principles, hath been warmly
and generously patronized by the Friends of Freedom in all the great Commercial Towns
in the Eastern Colonies, where ample Funds are already secured, Postmasters and Riders
engaged, and, indeed, every necessary Arrangement made for the Reception of the South-
ern mails, which, it is expected, will soon be extended thither. As therefore the final success
of the Undertaking now depends on the Public Spirit of the Inhabitants of Maryland and
Virginia, it is not doubted, from the recent Evidence they have given of their Noble Zeal in
the Cause of Liberty and their Country, but they will cheerfully join the rescuing the Chan-
nel of public and private Intelligence from the horrid Fangs of Ministerial Dependents; a
Measure indispensably necessary in the present alarming Crisis of American Affairs.

The following Plan, &c., hath been published and universally approved of at the East-
ward."

The "Plan" which followed set forth briefly the history of the "present
American PostOffice," ministerial in its creation, direction and dependence,
which not only was tampering with private correspondence, but as well,
was interfering with the circulation of "our News-Papers, those necessary
and important alarms in Times of public Danger." In view of the indict-
ment of its management which he proceeded to unfold, Goddard proposed
the establishment of a new, semi-public system, and laid down in eight par-
agraphs rules for its maintenance and government, therein establishing a
set of principles by which his Constitutional Post Office was operated and
which were adopted with certain essential changes when the Continental
Congress at a later time took over the system. His method of securing sup-
port for his scheme seems to have been the publication of newspaper an-
nouncements such as that which has been quoted here from the pages of
the Mary land Journal^ followed in each locality by the circulation of a sub-
scription form, headed "The Plan for establishing a New American Post
Office."1 He seems to have worked at this task single-handed. His proposals
Tvere entirely in his own name, and that he succeeded in his great under-
taking may be accepted as an evidence of the esteem in which he was gen-
erally held. Little imagination is required to arrive at an understanding of
the magnitude of his labors in carrying out an enterprise so great and com-
plex as the establishment of a system of post offices and riders with routes
and cross routes from Maine to Georgia.

On July 1 6, 1 7 74,2 he announced that a "New Post Office" would "shortly
be opened in this and every Considerable Town, from Virginia to Casco

1 One such broadside, with the names of the subscribers torn off, has been preserved in the John Carter Brown
Library. It is dated Boston, April 30, 1774, and in Goddard's own hand it is addressed as follows, "To the Gentn.
of the Committee of Correspondence for the Town of Newbury, from their most . . . humble Servt.Wm. Goddard."
The proposals and "plan" above described are printed in American Archives, 4th Series, i : 500.

2 Maryland "Journal.

William and<3ttary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

Bay," and affirmed the hope that the new system would be complete in all
points "by the first of September next, that being the time appointed for
the meeting of the Grand Congress at Philadelphia . . ." On October 5, 1774,
Goddard presented a petition to the Continental Congress,1 which doubtless
had to do with his post office scheme, but as the text of it has not been pre-
served, one may not know what specific proposal he made to the delegates.
Several months later, in a broadside2 published in New York on May 2, 1775,
he pounced upon "a certain John Foxcroft," who, he asserted, had begun
life as the servant of a Virginia gentleman of Williamsburg, and who,having
been appointed recently to the position of Master of the Posts in North
America, had "let loose the Reins of arbitrary Power" to such a length that
the liberty of the press had been abridged and detestable publications inim-
ical to the American cause had been circulated through the Philadelphia
post office. He offered to give this "Mushroom Gentleman" an explanation
on either a public or a private occasion, but he intimated that his offer would
not be taken up, as "the General of the Post-Office,like the renowned Gage,
keeps himself encag'd."

The "Constitutional Post Office," known popularly as "Goddard's Post
Offices," up to this time had received no official recognition. It was a pri-
vate concern, operating from Massachusetts to Virginia as early as May
8, I775,3 ^de by side with the British post. It had been set going by God-
dard on subscribed capital,4 and that it had small chance of success as a
private enterprise is clearly comprehended when one learns that in the year
1776, even after it had become the official system of the colonies, the post-
mistress of Baltimore, Mary K. Goddard, received from postage only forty
odd pounds,5 and that for several years thereafter she paid the riders with
"hard money" out of her own purse. It must have been a devoutly hoped
for consummation of Goddard's plans when on July 26, 1775, the Consti-
tutional Post Office was taken over by Congress as the official system of the
United Colonies.6 After several months of attempted opposition to the new

1 Sec Journals of Continental Congress, October 5, 1774. (Ford ed.)

2 Ms. Division Library of Congress has a copy of this broadside.

3 See references to his activity at this time in American Archives, 4th Series, 2: 537, where is given a list of
"Goddard's Post Offices" then established, and an interesting pronouncement on the subject of the "Constitu-
tional" and "unconstitutional" post offices by John Holt.

4 Memorial of William Goddard in Papers of the Continental Congress, 42: III, 178. Ms. Division Library of
Congress. Printed in American Archives, 4th Series, 6: 1012.

6 Memorial of Mary K. Goddard to President Washington, in Papers of the Continental Congress, Letters, 78:
X, 617-619. Ms. in Library of Congress. See also ms. vol. of Mary Goddard's Post Office Accounts, 1786-1789,
in Maryland Historical Society.

6 Journals of Continental Congress. In a Congressional debate of October 7, 1775, it was said that a "Constitu-
tional Post is now established from New Hampshire to Georgia." The debate discloses further the fact t

<iA H/V/ory of Printing in Colonial *3tfary land

system, the British Post Office finally gave up the struggle and withdrew
its riders from the roads on Christmas Day 1775. '

If in the recognition of his plan by Congress he was made happy, how-
ever, there is no doubt that Goddard was disappointed when Franklin was
immediately named as Postmaster General by the Congress, and Richard
Bache, his son-in-law, was appointed Secretary and Comptroller of the sys-
tem. For two years the great idea had obsessed him to the injury of his pri-
vate business — two years during which he had kept the highways hot in
his ceaseless journeyings in its interest. Now at the moment of success he
was given as a reward for his great service his choice between nothing at
all and the inferior position of Surveyor of the Post Office. However keen
his disappointment, Goddard bore it with a high heart. In a memorial to
Congress, dated June 21, 1776,* he recited his services in the establishment
of the Constitutional Post Office, and reminded the delegates that they had
given the Postmaster General no authority to reimburse him and his friends
for their outlay of money in "establishing Postmasters, hiring Riders, and
bringing the temporary Establishment, in all its Parts, to that State where
your Officer found it, when it was resigned with all those Advantages;"
and further, that the Comptrollership and the Secretaryship having been
disposed of elsewhere, he had been compelled to content himself with the
office of Surveyor, which at the time of writing, he had held for a year at a
salary too small for decent maintenance; that the duties of this office hav-
ing been completed, and scorning to hold a sinecure, he now asked recogni-
tion of another sort by the Congress. He apprised the delegates that he
might repair his fortunes if he should ask for and receive the office of "Mus-
ter-Master-General," but he expressed disdain for that position as being,

British system was still in operation, although dying from lack of patronage. This seems sufficiently clear evi-
dence that the present United States Post Office is not the descendant of the British colonial system, but of the
Constitutional Post Office established by Goddard.

*On December 5, 1775 (American Archives, 4th Series, 4: 184), the Constitutional Post Office at Annapolis,
William Whetcrofc, postmaster, announced itself as in operation, and on December nth (American Archives,
4th Series, 4: 234 and 713), the Maryland Convention prohibited the riders of the Parliamentary Post "to travel
in or pass through this Province." On December 251)1 (American Archives, 4th Series, 4: 453), the British Post
Office, because of the action of the Maryland Convention and a similar action by the Philadelphia Committee
of Safety, announced the cessation of its service.

2 Papers of the Continental Congress, 42: III, 178. Ms. in Library of Congress. Printed, American Archives , 4th
Series,6: 1012. In Smith, William, The History of the Post Office in Briti sh North Americ a, 1639-1870, Cambridge,
1920, p. 64, occurs a statement which may explain three things in the life of the founder of the United States Post
Office; namely, Goddard's especial animus towards Foxcroft, his failure to receive high office under Franklin when
the Constitutional Post Office was adopted by Congress, and the fact that he owed Franklin a considerable sum
of money, as the latter's will has left on record. Here is the statement, based upon a communication of Foxcroft,
joint deputy postmaster general with Franklin, to Todd, (Public Record Office, C. O. 5. vol. 135) : "Goddard had
been postmaster of Providence, and when he relinquished the office, he was a defaulter for a considerable amount.
As the loss from Goddard's defalcation fell partly upon Franklin, as joint deputy postmaster general, the latter
would be reluctant to place him a second time in a position of responsibility."

[134]

William and^Cary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

to use his own words, "less liable to those personal Dangers, which his natu-
ral Disposition impels him to encounter," and asked finally that he be given
a commission as a field officer, more specifically as a lieutenant colonel, in
either one of two regiments in which changes were about to be made. The
Congress passed on his memorial to the Board of War, and to this body, on
July 19, 1 776, Goddard addressed a letter showing exactly by what promo-
tions and transfers of other officers his own appointment could be accom-
plished.1 The Board referred the matter to General Washington, who, on
July 29, 1776, in a letter to Congress,2 expressed the belief that the induc-
tion of Mr. Goddard "into the Army as Lieutt. Colo, would be attended with
endless confusion." No more was heard of Goddard's military aspirations.
His desire to serve his country had been genuine, and one must sympathize
with him in the succession of disappointments which befell him in his efforts
to be of use in the time of national trial.

WILLIAM GODDARD IN BALTIMORE AGAIN. His INTERPRETATION

OF "THE LIBERTY OF THE PRESS"

Following the collapse of his ambitions, his failure to receive from the Gov-
ernment either civil or military appointment commensurate with his ser-
vices, Goddard took up his residence once more in Baltimore,3 and although
his name did not supplant that of Mary Katherine Goddard in the imprint
of the Mary land Journal, there is no doubt that he concerned himself very
largely in its direction. It is possible that his financial condition rendered
this sheltering of himself behind his sister's petticoats the more prudent
part for him to play, but whatever the cause, he remained, if one may em-
ploy such a phrase, ostentatiously in the background. There can be no doubt
that from 1776 until 1779 he had a voice in the affairs of a newspaper which
had become one of the most vigorous of the colonial journals. By his occa-
sional open participation in its affairs he brought on one of those conflicts
of opinion upon the issue of which hangs the establishment of principles
accepted unthinkingly by later ages as having been of eternal duration.
Since the invention of printing, the phrase "the Liberty of the Press" had
been construed as an assertion of the right of the publisher to express his
convictionswithimmunity from ecclesiastical orgovernmental interference.
Goddard gave the phrase a new construction, in Maryland certainly, when
on two occasions he succeeded in extending it to include the publisher s

1 Correspondence of George Washington with Continental Congress, 95 : 145- In Ms. Division Library of Congress.
Printed, American Archives, 5th Series, i : 441.

2 Ibid. M. Ill, 37. Printed, American Archives, 5th Series, 1:642.

3 Goddard was in New York acting as Surveyor of the Post Office as late as September 9, 1776. (Amaru
Archives, 5th Series, 2: 256). The exact date of his resignation from the public service is uncertain.

[135]

<iA History of Printing in £o Ionia I <i%Cary land

right to print what he would, regardless of the more powerful censorship
exerted by public opinion. It is to an examination of the conflict between
Goddard and the people of Baltimore that this narrative now leads.

THE "ToM-TELL TRUTH" EPISODE

On the twenty-fifth of February 1777, there appeared in the Maryland
Journal two short contributions which related to the recent offer of the
British Ministry to discuss what some persons considered to be advanta-
geous terms of peace with the rebellious colonies. The first of these pieces,
signed "Tom-Tell Truth," with obvious irony, advised the acceptance of
these terms by the Americans. In the second article, signed "Caveto," the
writer warned his fellow countrymen to distrust the British tenders and to
continue the struggle with all their strength. "Caveto" was ignored; "Tom-
Tell Truth" became the talk of the town.1 A delegation of the "Whig Club"
visited Mr. Goddard to require him to discover the author of the offensive
piece, and were received, they averred, with the "grossest and most im-
polite" behavior. He refused to disclose the identity of "Tom-Tell Truth"
for the reason that the gentleman who was concealed behind that name was
absent from town and unable to answer for himself. In this refusal Goddard
displayed to his own hurt that quality of loyalty which was one of his ad-
mirable characteristics. The twice-offended and over-zealous patriots served
him with a notice to attend the next evening a meeting of the Club. He
ridiculed publicly the idea of obedience to the summons, and by so doing
put the Club on trial before the people of the city. The issue became a per-
sonal one. Goddard was carried by force to the meeting, where, after more
wrangling, he was ordered by the exasperated members of the Club to leave
the town within twenty-four hours and the county within three days. With
the edict of banishment he complied in a manner unlocked for by his op-
ponents, for he went straightway to Annapolis and demanded protection
from the Council of Safety. In his memorial, which this body referred to
the Assembly on March 7, 1777, he said, after recounting the actions of the
Whig Club, "that he, thinking himself bound in honour not to suffer the
secrets of his press to be extorted from him in a tumultuous way," had
"absolutely refused to comply with the demand of this self-created court;"
that he had been "treated with circumstances of indignity and insult, not
to be patiently endured by a freeman possessed with a spark of honor or

1 Both "Tom-Tell Truth" and "Caveto" were Judge Samuel Chase. See annotations in Goddard's personal
copy of his pamphlet The Prowess of the Whig Club, preserved in the American Antiquarian Society, wherein the
fact is expressly affirmed. Isaiah Thomas asserted this to be the case, having learned it, probably, from Goddard
himself.

[136]

William and<Mary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

sensibility," and that he had been commanded by them "with the most
ridiculous apery of a legal meeting or Congress," under pain of earning the
resentment of "A Legion," "to depart the town and county within a short
limited term. . . ."* Three days later the Committee of Grievances of the
Lower House presented a report on his memorial in which the action of the
Whig Club was condemned as being "a manifest violation of the Consti-
tution" and "directly contrary to the Declaration of Rights."2

Feeling that its position had been misunderstood, the Whig Club now
issued a brief statement3 in which one may read a willingness to let the
matter rest. Goddard, however, had tasted blood. In the latter part of
March he brought out his pamphlet, The Prowess of the Whig Clubfz. pub-
lication in which he dusted the salt and pepper of derisive irony over the
wounds of his opponents. Their exasperation was extreme. Goddard was
roughly haled before the Whig Club and when his sentence of banishment
had been reimposed by that body, he went once more to Annapolis and the
Legislature. Taken in hand by Samuel Chase, his cause was so conducted
that the Whig Club, summonsed from Baltimore, was forced to apologize
to the Sovereign People at the bar of the House,5 and resolutions were passed
in which the offending organization was castigated and the Governor was
requested to afford Goddard protection against "all violence or injury to
his person or property."6

Rendered secure in his person and justified in his actions by the highest
authority in the state, Goddard returned to Baltimore where he lived un-
molested until his next and more serious offense against a sensitive public,
when once again he vindicated the right of the press to a free expression of
opinion.

GODDARD AND THE "QUERIES" OF GENERAL CHARLES LEE

On June 8, 1779, there was published in the Maryland Journal an an-
nouncement to the effect that William Goddard and Colonel Eleazer Oswald7
had formed a partnership for the prosecution of a printing, bookselling and

1 V. & P., Lower House, March 7, 1777.
2V. & P., Lower House, March 10, 1777.
8 Reprinted by Goddard in The Prowess of the Whig Club.

4 The Prowess of the Whig Club, and the Manoeuvres of Legion. Baltimore: Printed for the Author, 1777, 24 pp.
6 Letter of Benj. Galloway, Red Book, 3 : 45. (The Red Books are a series of volumes of ms. in the Marylar
torical Society which, with unclassified contents, have received this designation from the color of their bindings.;.

6 V. & P., Lower House, April 1 1, 1777. For other details of this affair, see letters and papers Nos. 38 to 45 '"
Red Book No. 3, ms. in Maryland Historical Society; Goddard's Memorial to Continental Congress in Pap™0!
the Continental Congress, 41 : III, 385, dated May 6, 1777, Ms. Division Library of Congress; Goddar
Prowess of the Whig Club and his broadside dated March 25, 1777, addressed to David Rusk, Ms. V

t.rary of Congress; Scharf 's Chronicles of Baltimore. . „ . .,

7 Eleazer Oswald born in 1755, had come to America in 1770, gone into business with Joh

*A History of Printing in Colonial zJfCary land

stationery business in Baltimore, which was to be conducted neither in op-
position to nor in conjunction with Mary K. Goddard. It was not so stated
in the advertisement, but one acquires the impression from reading it that
Miss Goddard was to retain the newspaper, while the new firm should take
over the job work and bookselling of the old establishment. It is certain
that Goddard and Oswald took over the Elkridge paper mill, in which Mary
Goddard had been interested for some time past.1

Goddard and Oswald had been brought together doubtless through their
possession of a common friend in the person of John Holt, the former em-
ployer of the one and the father-in-law of the other. One understands also
the tie between Oswaldandhis unfortunate militaryleader, General Charles
Lee, but when and where had been formed an intimacy between Lee and
Goddard has never been made clear. It is known, however, that when he
had left the armyin indignation at the result of Lee'scourt-martial,Oswald
had come straightway to Baltimore and attached himself to one in whom
he probably knew that he should find a doughty supporter of his old General.
Cashiered for his conduct at Monmouth, Lee was now preparing to vin-
dicate his reputation, and in the process, to blacken the character and at-
tainments of Washington. In his need for a medium of publicity, he turned
first of all to his friend Goddard, unaware it seems that assistance to his
cause from that personage had been rendered doubly sure by the recently
formed partnership between the Baltimore printer and his other friend and
partisan Colonel Eleazer Oswald. On June 9, 1779, ne wr°te to Goddard2
asking him to publish an article entitled "Some Queries, Political and Mil-
itary, Humbly Offered to the Consideration of the Public." Goddard was
quick to consent. The ill-natured piece appeared in the Maryland Journal
on July 6, 1779, and once more, following its publication, Goddard had the

Holt's daughter, entered the Continental Army, and become one of the favorite officers of Gen. Charles Lee. He
distinguished himself in several campaigns, and was promoted to Colonel. Indignantly he resigned from the army
when Charles Lee was court-martialed and now at the age of twenty-four was in business in Baltimore with God-
dard. Afterwards h- became a printer of Philadelphia and still later led a romantic, soldier-of-fortune career. He
fought several duels. Died in New York on September 30, 1795. For a very interesting account of his early life
and army career see a letter from John Holt to Samuel Adams in "John Holt, Printer and Postmaster," by V. H.
Paltsits in Bulletin of New York Public Library, v. 24, No. 9, pp. 483-499; also Scharf and Westcott, History of
Philadelphia, note, 1 : 425.

JOn May 25, 1776, the Convention had granted James Dorsett four hundred pounds common money for the
establishment of a mill at which was to be made paper "as cheap as the same can or shall be sold at any mill in
the Province of Pennsylvania." It was probably this mill which Mary Goddard had been fostering in the columns
of the Maryland Journal for some years past, and the operation of which Goddard and Oswald now undertook.
As early as November 8, 1775, Miss Goddard had advertised in the Mary land Journal that she would pay cash
for linen rags for the paper mill now erecting near this town, that is, Baltimore.

a Contemporary copies of the letters from Lee to Goddard are in the Red Book, 3: 43, in the Maryland His-
torical Society. Lee concludes one letter with these words: "You have and ought to have the first reputation for
impartiality as a printer on the Continent."

[138]

William and^Cary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

questionable honor of a visit from the mob. James Calhoun, Mayor of Bal-
timore, writing to Governor Johnson,1 said that Goddard's publication of
the "Queries," a piece "evidently intended to injure the character of the
Commander in Chief, . . . determined the principal part of the Town to
withdraw their names from the list of his subscribers, but theOfficersin gen-
eral thought it more incumbent on them to resent so great an insult offered
to their Genl. . . ." by active measures. Accordingly, they visited Goddard,
who as the result of their representations, agreed to meet them and other
citizens the next morning. "Early in the morning," continued Calhoun,

"Goddard was seen parading the streets with a Gun & his friend Coll. Oswald with a
drawn Sword, venting his spleen in the most abusive language. . . . This naturally tended
further to enrage & by the time appointed for the meeting a large number collected and
seem'd determined to make him give up the Author which he found it most prudent to do
& make the recantation published in his Supplement."2

According to Goddard's account in his memorial3 to Governor Johnson,
he and his friends were roughly used in this business which Calhoun de-
scribed, without detail, in the letter here cited. An officer of militia inter-
fered in his behalf and was in his turn attacked by the mob. Endeavoring
to save her husband from their anger, this gentleman's wife had been "beaten
and abused, with circumstances of barbarity that must have melted the
flinty heart of a savage." In order to savehis house from further pillage and
himself from being carted through the streets with a rope around his neck
by this "band of ruffians, composed of Continental recruits, mulattoes, or
negroes, fifers and drummers," he had signed and printed as a supplement
to the Maryland Journal a paper "containing the most ridiculous and ab-
surd concessions." He made clear his contention that he was being perse-
cuted because of his stand for the liberty of the Press, exercised in pursuance
of his conviction that it was his duty to help in the vindication of the char-
acter of General Lee, a gentleman and a patriot to whom he believed a great
injustice had been done by the recent court-martial proceedings.

This was parliamentary language, as became one addressing a Governor.
In his published utterances4 during these days, his temper was violent and
his words measured up to his feelings, but he expressed himself even more
vividly to one whom he met on the Annapolis road when he said,6

2 See Supplement Maryland Journal, No. 303, v. 6, Maryland Historical Society.

3 Red Book, 3 : 38. See also The Maryland Gazette, &c. Extraordinary, No. 17, bound in v. 6 of Mary land Journal,
Maryland Historical Society copy.

4 See v. 6 of the Maryland Journal, Maryland Historical Society; also The Maryland Gazette, &c. Extraordi-
nary, No. 17, in same volume. . , . .

5 Red Book, 3: 42. In The Maryland Gazette, &c. Extraordinary, No. 17, is printed the correspondence in whic
Oswald vainly invited Colonel Smith, referred to in this extract, to meet him on the field of honor.

*A History of Printing in Colonial <Mary I and

"I had like to have been mobbed to death by a parcel of Poltroon Officers, Blackguard
Continental Soldiers, & Negroes, Headed by Coll. Smith, and the damn'd rascally Magis-
trates of Baltimore would not give me any redress, and am now going to Annapolis to the
Governor if he does not give me some redress I will seek it to the farthest end of the world,
yes I will take up the Tomahawk and Scalping knife and will be worse than any Hessian or
Waldecker . . ."

The issue of Goddard's appeal to the Governor is obscure. On July 17,
1779, the Council of Safety ordered the magistrates who had failed to give
him protection to appear before them at a hearing on the twenty-sixth of
the instant month, but the Council record for that day gives no indication
that the hearing was held, nor did the Maryland Journal thereafter refer
to this phase of the affair. It is evident, however, that whatever was its
legal conclusion, Goddard considered himself to have been vindicated a sec-
ond time, for on July 27th he published in his newspaper a retraction of
the apology which he had printed under duress only a week earlier, nor
does there seem to have been made by his enemies any protest against this
emphatic disavowal of what Calhoun had termed his "recantation." Again
the last word had been spoken by the publisher, and the "liberty of the
press" once more had been upheld against an outraged populace.

GODDARD'S LATER YEARS

During the fourteen years that Goddard remained in Baltimore after his
second defiance of public opinion in that town, he gave his enemies and
competitors many moments of uneasiness, touched them with his rapier
point or hammered them with his bludgeon many times, but on the whole
it was a well-ordered and fairly prosperous middle age that he entered into,
a life laborious and useful but entirely devoid of the unusual. The story of
his early career with its zealous exertion, its varied accomplishment, has
been related in some detail; a concise statement of his activities through-
rut his later years must suffice for these pages.

It is probable that Goddard and Oswald had employment for some years
with Mary Katherine Goddard on the Mary land Journal, for there is little
evidence that their own business was sufficient to maintain them. On April
10, 1781, the partners once more renounced all share in that good woman's
business,1 and asked encouragement from the public in their designs for issu-
ing a series of the British classics, publications which, they emphasized,
were to be printed on American paper of their own manufacture. No traces
of these works exist, however, to indicate that they were published. For
how much longer the partnership between Goddard and Oswald continued

1 Maryland Journal.

[I40]

William and^fCary Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

is uncertain, but on April 13, 1782, Oswald issued in Philadelphia the first
number of his Independent Gazetteer? so that one may think of him as hav-
ing left Baltimore early in that year. Goddard seems to have continued alone
his Baltimore printing establishment. On July 15, 1783, he advertised as
from his press a circular letter from General Washington to the governors of
the several States, and in December of this year Mary Goddard announced
the publication of a "Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia Almanac and
Ephemeris for the Year of Our Lord i784,"edited by William Goddard.

Some months before this, General Charles Lee had died, and in dying had
paid to Goddard and Oswald the debt of gratitude which he owed to them for
their efforts to vindicate his fame.2 To these two faithful friends he left one-
third of his lands in Virginia, and by the generosity of his sister in England
the legacy came to them free of debt.3 It is to be hoped that they received a
good price for these lands as a result of the sale advertised in the Maryland
Jo urnal of November 14, 1783.

One concludes that Goddard's reasons for refraining from taking over
the newspaper from his sister years earlier had been financial, for on Janu-
ary 2, 1784, very soon after his Virginia lands had been advertised as for
sale, he announced in the Maryland Journal that by a fortunate occurrence
he had been enabled to purchase new printing equipment and that there-
after, as on this day, the paper would be published by "William and Mary
Katherine Goddard." In the succeeding issue of January 6th Mary God-
dard's name was dropped from the imprint and Goddard alone carried on
the paper until the issue of January n, 1785, in which it was announced
that he had taken Edward Langworthy into partnership. The Maryland
Journal was published by these two until February 1786, from which time

1 Evans, No. 17564.

2 General Lee to Mary Katherine Goddard, December 17, 1781: "it is inconceivable the desire I have to be
acquainted with you — for upon my soul I love (and I ought to love) your Brother and Oswald more than any
other two men on this Continent." (Addressed to "Mrs. K. Goddard, Printeress at Baltimore," in 4: 466, The
Lee Papers, being vols. 4-7 of the Collections of the New York Historical Society, 1871-74. N. Y. 1872-75, which see
for many letters and documents relative to the affairs of General Lee in which Goddard was concerned).

3 General Lee provided also that Goddard should become his literary executor, and having gained assurance
of Washington's indifference to the publication, Goddard proceeded to issue proposals and prepare for the press
a selection of the Lee papers. The project came to nothing. Goddard asserted that his partner Edward Lang-
worthy clandestinely removed from his office that portion of the papers which he published in London in 1792
as Memoirs of the Life of the Late Charles Lee, Esquire. Isaiah Thomas gives an account of the incident. A letter
from Goddard to Washington on the subject, dated May 30, 1785, is found in The Papers of George Washington,
v. 233, 1785, May 2o-October i, Ms. Division Library of Congress. Goddard enclosed his proposal and outline
in manuscript. Isaiah Thomas gives Washington's reply. On December 16, 1793, soon after the appearance of tf
Memoirs, Goddard wrote to Washington from Johnston, R. I., disclaiming any connection with the pubhcati

as then issued. See The Papers of George Washington, v. 264, 1793-1794, November 3&-January 20, Ms. Division
Library of Congress. The ultimate fate of the mass of Lee papers left in Goddard's hands, and preserved by hn
scendants, was the use of them by the publication committee of the New York Historical Society in the product!.
of The Lee Papers described in the preceding note.

*A History of Printing in Colonial ^hCary land

Goddard again conducted it alone until August 7, 1789, when he formed a
partnership with his brother-in-law, James Angell.1 The last named publish-
er, who,it may be observed, was not a printer by trade, bought the newspaper
from Goddard in the year 1792.

Goddard's final appearance as the publisher of the newspaper which he
had founded twenty years earlier was in connection with the issue of Feb-
ruary 19, 1793. Six months before, on August 14, 1792, he had delivered
through the columns of the Maryland Journal a valedictory wherein ap-
peared a great alteration in the state of his sentiments towards the people
of a town which once, in his wrath, he had described as "a Theatre of An-
archy and Licentiousness."2

The following portions of this farewell communication contain whatever
it has of interest for this narrative:

"To retire from a Business not altogether unproductive, generally implies Success to the
Prosecutor in the Accumulation of Wealth; but from a Despair of its Attainment, I have,
at last, reconciled it to my feelings to retire without a Consolation of that pleasant Kind.
Such a Consolation might, indeed, lessen the Emotion, and sensible Regret, that I now ex-
perience in offering this, probably my Last Address, . . . and in relinquishing a Business
reared, under Favour of the Public, to its present Consequence and Respectability ... on
the small Capital of a single solitary Guinea, after the total Wreck of my fortune in another
State. It is, however, an alleviating Circumstance, that, by this Measure, I am enabled to
do Justice to a worthy Friend, who, from my too sanguine Anticipation of the Growth and
importance of this really flourishing Town, spontaneously became my Security, in an un-
fortunate Speculation, for upwards of Twenty-Five Hundred Pounds. . . . From an anx-
ious Desire to indemnify this disinterested Gentleman, ... I have . . . Disposed of my
whole Printing-Concern (one of the most considerable in the United States) for a valuable
Consideration, to my Partner and Brother-in-Law, Mr. James Angell, . . .

"Though there was a Moment when political Discussions produced a Degree of Ani-
mosity and Resentment repugnant to my Feelings and injurious to my Interest, yet I reflect
with inexpressible satisfaction, that succeeding Liberality and Candour soon obliterated the
Remembrance, and that I shall now leave this Town in perfect Friendship and Harmony
with my Fellow-Citizens — ardently wishing them a Continuance of that prosperity I have
for so many Years witnessed, in the rapid Rise of this opulent Town, with equal Admiration
and Delight."

Goddard had determined to"cultivate his garden"; "contentment walks
the unambitious plain," he wrote,3 and weary with his struggle he retired
to his wife's farm in Rhode Island, where as "William Goddard of Johnston,
yeoman," he lived peacefully another twenty-four years. Goddard served
in the Rhode Island legislature for a short time, but in general his interests

1 Goddard had married on the Thursday before May 27, 1786, Abigail, the daughter of General James Angell
of Providence, R. I. (See Angell, A very F., Genealogy oj the Descendants of Thomas Angell. Providence, 1 872. )

2 Maryland Journal, July 20, 1779.

3 Maryland Journal, August 14, 1792.

William andtMary Goddard, Printers and Pub lie Servants

were those of his farm and village. He died, aged seventy-seven years, in
December 1 8 1 7. Isaiah Thomas, who knew him in these later years, speaks
of "his naivete, and the pleasantness and facetiousness of his disposition,"
and asserts further that he was "a remarkably pleasant companion." One
likes to think of him, after so much distress of mind and so many exertions
of body, living unvexed and comfortable in his New England retreat.

In the various incidents which have been related here, particularly in
connection with his career in Maryland, William Goddard is presented to
us as a man who possessed the courage to stand up for his principles against
that most subtle form of attack, the disapproval of one's neighbors. One
cannot doubt the passion which underlay his pronouncements concerning
the liberty of the press; one must admire the hardihood with which he gave
himself to the vindication of General Lee's reputation; nor, when his utter-
ances are read, the policy of his newspapers considered, his services in the
establishment of the Post Office taken account of, may one doubt his devo-
tion to the American cause in the Revolution. The Maryland Council of
Safety, always ready to imprison or banish the enemies of that cause, twice
took his side against those who had attacked him. The Maryland Assembly
put his enemies to inglorious rout. In all of the official proceedings which exist
there is no hint of an accusation of disloyalty against him, and his request of
Congress that he be given a post of danger speaks for the quality of his devo-
tion in a manner more audible than the loudest asseverations of loyalty.

In taking leave of Goddard, one comes back inevitably to a brief con-
sideration of his position as the champion of the press. Of all the editors of
his day, and Isaiah Thomas says that "Few could conduct a newspaper
better than Goddard," there was none who held a view of the power, re-
sponsibility and privilege of the newspaper press nearer to the modern con-
ception of these attributes than was maintained by William Goddard. The
newspaper of today claims the right to present news and to discuss issues
regardless of the opinion of its readers; in the ideal, it professes to arrive at
truth by free discussion and by an examination of all the evidence. It is
willing to suffer unpopularity that right shall prevail in the end. It was by
the suffering of Goddard and others of his own and a later generation that
this higher conception of the liberty of the press became an accepted tenet
of modern civilization. Even though a certain class of newspapers consist-
ently degrades this hard-won liberty, William Goddard must still be ad-
mitted to have interest for us as one of the proponents of a doctrine which
on this account many deplore but the essential righteousness of which none
is so bold as to question.

<iA History of Printing in Colonia

A LAST WORD ON MARY KATHERINE GODDARD

It would be an ungracious act to conclude this chapter without a final
word on Mary Katherine Goddard, the devoted woman who was ready al-
ways to take up the tasks of her erratic brother where he had pleased to
drop them, and willing, without complaint, to assume the consequences of
his indiscretions. Hers was no small accomplishment. In 1774 she assumed
the management of an infant newspaper and conducted it successfully
through all the years of a War in the course of which, for economic reasons,
many vigorous journals ceased publication. In 1784 when she might have
begun to reap where she had sown with such assiduity, she relinquished her
journal, a prosperous concern, to the brother in whose interests she had
been acting throughout that decade. In spite of the ill feeling which Wil-
liam Goddard's defense of General Lee had engendered in the summer of
1 779, she had found herself able to announce in November of that year that
her journal circulated as extensively as any newspaper on the Continent.1
Compelled frequently during these ten years to issue her news sheet in re-
duced form, she had nevertheless contrived always to issue, approximately
on time, a journal which was second to none in the colonies in interest.2
Isaiah Thomas asserts that she was herself "an expert and correct compos-
itor of types." She must be thought of, therefore, not simply as a business
executive whose part was to direct the labor of others, but as a craftsman
whose manual labor was a considerable element in determining the success
of her establishment.

During these years Mary Goddard's activities were not confined to the
composing room and editorial office. Her advertisements indicate the main-
tenance by her also of a well-stocked book and stationery store, her job-
printing office was a busy one where copper plate work and the finer kinds
of printing were carried on, and where books of various sorts were credit-
ably produced. It has been claimed for her, too, that she operated the local
paper mill, hut whether her appeals for rags and her advertisements of paper
for sale indicate so close a connection with the enterprise as this is not cer-
tain. At any rate, she did much to foster the difficult infancy of paper man-
ufacturing in Maryland.

To all of these activities which made Mary Goddard's Market Street
office a very busy spot in old Baltimore must be added another important

1 Maryland Journal, November 16, 1779.

2 That her task was sometimes a disagreeable one appears from her complaint to the Baltimore Committee of
Safety in June 1776 that Mr. George Somerville had "abused her with threats and indecent language on account
of a late publication in her paper," for which attack upon the freedom of the press, Mr. Somerville was severely
censured by the committee. (American Archives, 4th Series, 6: 1460 and 1461.)

[144]

William andJfory Goddard, Printers and Public Servants

one, namely, her conduct for fourteen years of the local post office. The first
postmaster of Baltimore under the Constitutional Post Office, after its adop-
tion by Congress, was Mary K. Goddard, the sister of the founder of the sys-
tem. Throughout the Revolution and until the year 1789,5116 continued to
serve in this capacity, and that her service was given at an actual sacrifice of
her own interests appears from the words of the memorial1 which she ad-
dressed to His Excellency, President Washington, when in that year a new
Postmaster General removed her from office because of his desire to appoint
in her place one who should be able actively to visit and superintend the
whole Southern Department of the postal system. Miss Goddard recited to
his Excellency the tale of her services during the difficult years of the enter-
prise. She told of the small receipts of the office, and as has been referred to
before, the necessity which she had been underof paying from herown purse
"hard money" for the employment of riders. She contested the practica-
bility of the plan whereby the office of local postmaster should be combined
with that of superintendent of a department, and in words wherein one feels,
rather than reads, a repressed resentment, she begged the President to over-
rule the decision of his Postmaster General. To her petition, a vain protest
after all, she subjoined a schedule showing the great increase in the business
of the Baltimore Post Office during the years of her incumbency.

After Mary Goddard's relinquishment of the printing and newspaper
business to her brother in 1784, and her removal from the post office in 1789,
there remained for her employment only the book store, the business of
which she conducted until the year 1 802. It is doubtful if all of her enter-
prises together had sufficed to acquire for her more than a decent main-
tenance, but at the time of her death, in her eightieth year, on August 12,
1816, she was able to leave a small property to a colored woman who had
been the servant and companion of her later years.

One comes from a perusal of the facts of Mary Goddard's life with the
feeling that, in spite of her activity in public affairs, she had worked, lived
and died a lonely woman. An admirer lauded her as "a woman of extraor-
dinary judgment, energy, nerve and strong good sense." Her service to
Baltimore throughout the Revolution was of a high order, her patriotism
unquestioned. History abounds with anecdotes of colonial ladies who paid
fabulous sums to their hairdressers, of dames in silk and bombazine, of
daughters of the cavaliers moving gracefully through the minuet. Their gra-

1 Papers of the Continental Congress, 78, v. 10, 617-619. In Ms. Division Library of Congress.
first assumption of the Baltimore Post Office seems to have occurred on October 1 1, 1775, when undei
ing "Constitutional Post-Office," she announced in the Maryland Journal that two posts to the
southward set out from and arrived at her office each week.

[145]

^A History of Printing in Colonial <:3xCary I and

cious manners, their brilliant plumage give such color to the picture of those
olden days that the observer seldom looks beyond them into the shadows.
He does not see Mary Goddard and her sisters in other cities laboring the
hours through in their dingy shops. To see them there is to realize that the
picture has depth and richness as well as color.

IN CONCLUSION

The colonial period in Maryland printing history comes to an end with
the work of William and Mary Katherine Goddard. After them, and in-
deed in their later years, came so many printers, such a flood of pam-
phlets, books and newspapers that the problem of keeping clear the record
becomes one to be solved by catalogue making rather than by historical
narrative. To the printing houses of Baltimore and Annapolis were added
those of Frederick when Matthias Bartgis settled there in 1779, and of
Easton and Hagerstown when James Cowan and Stewart Herbert set up
their respective presses in theseplacesin the year 1790. Within another dec-
ade or two every Maryland town had its press. To record their activities
is a task so different in character from that which has been attempted in
the foregoing pages that another hand must take it up. The author of this
narrative has lived so happily with the Nutheads, with Reading and Zen-
ger and Parks, and with the Greens and Goddards that he is inclined to
regard with jealousy those who took their places in the years following the
Revolution. Of many of these, there is not much to be said; for the best of
them time and man's perennial interest in the printing craft will find a his-
torian.

[146]

APPENDIX

The Fabled Jesuit Tress of St. ^Mary's City—^Act of 1 7 27 for the

Encouragement of William "Parks— ^4 Summary of Jonas

Green's Relations with the Assembly

:NE regrets the inadvisability of beginning this study of
Maryland printing history with the interesting account
of its origins invented and set afoot by Scharf (History of
Maryland, 1 : 190), wherein it is related that a catechism,
composed by Father Andrew White in the Indian dialects,
was printed on a press con trolled by the Jesuit missionaries
of St. Mary's sometime before the year 1655. Scharf 's story
was based solely upon his understanding or misunderstanding of Father
William McSherry 's report (probably an oral report) of his discoveries in the
Professed House of the Jesuits in Rome, where in 1 83 2 he had found the man-
uscript of Father White's Relatio Itineris in Marylandiam and a catechism
in the Indian language by the same author. Of all authorities who mention
these works, Scharf is the only one who believed, or to whom the thought
seems to have occurred, that the catechism was a printed book. B. U. Camp-
bell (Metropolitan Catholic Almanac ; Baltimore 1841, pp. 43-68) mentions
Father McSherry's discovery, but says nothing as to the catechism having
been printed. Richard H. Clarke (Metropolitan Magazine, Baltimore, 1856,
p. 75) implies that the catechism was in manuscript. These two writers were
contemporaries of Father McSherry; Scharf wrote a generation or more aft-
er his death. The late Rev. E. I. Devitt,S. J.,Professor of Colonial History in
Georgetown University (Catholic Encyclopaedia, article "White, Andrew"),
says "these works" (/. e. Father White's Relatio, Grammar, Dictionary and
Catechism) "were manuscript compositions." He repeats this statement
with considerable elaboration in the Sun, Baltimore, June 2, 1 907, and most
emphatically in a letter to the author written a few days before his lamented
death in 1920. John Gilmary Shea (Catholic Church in Colonial Days, ,New
York, 1886, p. 41) writes, "The manuscript of the Relatio with an Indian
catechism was found in 1 83 2 in the Archives of the Professed House at Rome,
by an American Jesuit, Father William McSherry." Neither Father H. J.

of Printing in Colonial 'zWary land

Foley (Records of the English Province of the Society oj 'Jesus , London, 1878,
v. 3) nor Father T. A. Hughes (History of the Society of Jesus in North America,
London, 4V., 1907-17) give the impression that Father White's catechism
was printed. Indeed in a letter to the author, dated from Rome, August 13,
1 920, Father Hughes,after commenting upon the dispersion of the archives
of the Professed House among several Jesuit houses of Europe, goes on to
say that, "There is not a jot or tittle in them (/'. e. the European Jesuit Col-
lections), as far as they concern America, which I did not take down . . ."
He says further that throughout the entire course of his research he "never
lighted upon the catechism or McSherry's 'report* on it," and finally that he
was unable to conceive of the existence of a printing press among the Mary-
land Jesuits in Father White's time. In Carlos Sommervogel's edition of De
Backer's Eibliotheque de la Compagnie de Jesus, 8: 1092, is given a list of
Father White's printed works followed by the entry of a "Grammar, Dic-
tionary and Catechism, in the Indian language," to which is appended this
note, "Mr. Shea dit que cette grammaire est restee en MS. a Rome."

Among writers contemporaneous with Father W7hite whose evidence is of
interest in this connection are the anonymous author of the Florus Anglo-
Bavaricus, Liege, 1685; the Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu, 1 643 ; and
Nathaniel Southwell's edition of the same work, Rome, 1676, in all of which
the titles of Father White's Maryland writings are given, but no mention
is made of any of them being in printed form. Certainly one of these writers,
if the catechism had been a printed work, would have given such biblio-
graphical details as place and date of publication, etc. In opposition to this
strong negative evidence exists Scharf's statement alone, unsupported by
any reference as to when or where Father McSherry had said that the cate-
chism was in printed form. Finally, even if one accepts Scharf's statement
to the extent of believing that Father McSherry saw a printed catechism in
the tongue of the Maryland Indians, there is yet no evidence that it had been
printed in Maryland. If printed at all, the probability is that it was printed
on the continent of Europe.

The habit which Colonel Scharf had of jumping to his conclusions is well
illustrated by his relation of the story of a later press (circa 1660), based
upon an "act for the publication of all the laws within this Province," passed
in the Assembly of 1660. He assumes that the word "publication" as used
here meant printed publication. Mr. James Walter Thomas has pointed out
(Chronicles of Colonial Maryland, 2d ed.,p. 58) that if Scharf had read more
than the title of this act, he would have seen immediately that publication
by voice proclamation was specifically prescribed.

[148]

The Jesuit Press • "Documents Relating to Parks and Green

Not the least particle of evidence exists to indicate the possession of a
press by the Jesuits before 1655, or by the Province in 1660. Scharfs claims
in this matter were dictated by his sentiment of intense local pride, or as
has been said, by his misunderstanding of the nature of Father McSherry's
discoveries in the Professed House. An uncritical person, such as he was,
hearing of Father White's "Catechism" having been discovered in Rome,
would be likely to assume thataprinted catechism was meant. Even if such
an assumption in this case had been correct, there would still exist no evi-
dence that the "Catechism" had been printed at St. Mary's in Maryland.
It would seem to be a futile exertion to attempt the refutation of a story
which no responsible scholar has given credence to since Scharfs first rela-
tion of it in 1879, but the frequent recurrence of the Jesuit press "legend"
in newspaper articles, and elsewhere occasionally, makes it seem desirable
in this narrative to present the case against its acceptance even as a legend
containing the usual modicum of truth.

AN ACT FOR THE SPEEDY AND EFFECTUAL PUBLICATION OF THE LAWS OF THIS PROVINCE,

AND FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF WlLLIAM PARKS, OF THE ClTY

OF ANNAPOLIS, PRINTER

(Passed in October Assembly 1727, printed at large in original printed acts of the Session,
reprinted Archives of Maryland, 36: 89)

Whereas at a former Session of this present General Assembly, held in the Month of
March, Seventeen Hundred and Twenty Six, it was Resolved, That the said William Parks
should print the Publick Laws, Speeches, and Answers, at the Opening each Session, and
that he should be allowed Two Thousand Pounds of Tobacco for each County, by the re-
spective Counties, Yearly.

And whereas the said William Parks,did (pursuant to the said Resolution)print and de-
liver to the Parties mention'd in the said Resolution, the several Publick Laws, enacted in
the said Session of Assembly held in the said Month of March, and also in the Session of
Assembly held in the Month of July, in the Year of Our Lord Seventeen Hundred and
Twenty Six, for which there was due to the said William Parks, Two Thousand Pounds of
Tobacco from each County respectively, according to the said Resolution.

And whereas the said William Parks, upon his Application to the Justices of the several
Counties, for an Allowance of the Payment of the said Quantities of Tobacco so due to him
as aforesaid, hath receiv'd the same from several Counties of this Province, but the Jus-
tices of some other Counties have (thro' a misapprehension of the said Resolution) refused
to allow and pay the same to the said William Parks: For the Remedying whereof and fo
the Prevention thereof for the Future, as also for the Encouragement of the said
Parks, in the Service of the Country,

[149]

<iA History of Printing in Colonial <Mary land

Be it Enacted by the Right Honourable the Lord Proprietary, by and with the Advice
and Consent of his Lordship's Governour, and the Upper and Lower Houses of Assembly,
and the Authority of the same, That the Commissioners of the several County-courts of
this Province, are hereby impowered and directed to make an Allowance of Two Thousand
Pounds of Tobacco in the Levy to be laid for each respective County, next after this pres-
ent Session of Assembly; and that the said Two Thousand Pounds of Tobacco so to be al-
lowed and assessed as aforesaid, shall be collected by the Sheriff of each respective County,
and paid by him, free from all Charges of Collection, to the said William Parks, or his Order
for the Printing and Stitching, and Delivering a Copy of the Publick Laws, Speeches, and
answers made at this present Session of Assembly, to every Member of Assembly, and Com-
missioner of the Peace for the Time being, and a Copy of such Laws (bound in Leather) to
the Publick, and each House of Assembly, and to each County-court of this Province.

And be it further Enacted, by the Authority aforesaid, That the commissioners of each
County-court in this Province, during the Continuance of this Act, be and are hereby im-
powered and directed, at every Time of laying the Levy, in each respective County, after
the End of this present Session of Assembly, to allow the Quantity of Two Thousand Pounds
of Tobacco, Annually to the said William Parks, or his Order, for the Purposes aforesaid,
which the said Justices are hereby impowered to levy upon the Inhabitants of the several
Counties, with the Sheriffs Salary for Collection thereof.

And be it further Enacted, by the Authority aforesaid, That the Commissioners of each
Court of the respective Counties, who have not already paid and allowed to the said Wil-
liam Parks, the said Quantity of Two Thousand Pounds of Tobacco, for Printing the Laws
made at the Sessions of Assembly held in the Months of March and July as aforesaid, shall
be and are hereby impowered and directed to allow the said Two Thousand Pounds of To-
bacco to the said William Parks, in the Levy to be laid next after this present Session of
Assembly, over and above the Two Thousand Pounds of Tobacco to be allowed him as afore-
said, for this present Session of Assembly.

This Act to continue in Force until the Twenty First Day of March which shall be in
the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty Two.

This act expired five years later, and was continued by Chap. I, March-
April 1732/33, Bacon's Laws oj "Maryland \ for seven years, and a supplemen-
*ary act was passed, Chap. 13, April-May, 1737, Bacon's Laws of Maryland,
by which as related in the foregoing narrative, Parks was taken to task for
certain duties neglected, and provision made to protect the Province against
loss by such neglect in the future. These acts are printed at large in the
printed acts of the sessions named (see bibliographical appendix). At the
time of passage of the "Supplementary Act" of 1 737, the Upper House had
proposed a more severe penalization of Parks for his tardiness in printing
the acts than was later adopted, but the Lower House, because the existing
act prescribed no date of completion, interposed with milder suggestions
which were concurred in by the upper chamber and embodied in an act
wherein dates of delivery were named and penalties prescribed for failure
to observe them.

[150]

The Jesuit Press - "Documents Relating to Parks and Green

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON JONAS GREEN'S PETITION OF 1762
( Votes and Proceedings ^ April 13, 1762} l

By the Committee appointed by the Honourable the Lower House of Assembly, to en-
quire into the Facts set forth in the Petition of Jonas Green.

Your Committee, upon Examination of the Facts contained in the said Petition, find,
That no Act passed in the Year 1738 or 1739, for the Levying or Payment of any Salary to
the said Jonas Green; but that in the Year 1742 he was allowed 120 /. in the Journal of
Accounts, the Payment of which was in 1743; and in the Year 1748, an Act passed, impow-
ering and requiring Mrs. Hollyday, Executrix of James Hollyday, Esquire, to pay 180 /. to
the said Jonas Green, for his Salaries in 1738 and 1739. That an Act passed in the Year
1740, to continue till the ist of December, 1742, for the Yearly Allowance of 15 /. in each
County to the said Jonas Green, but no Session happening after the Expiration of that Act,
till May 1744, the said Jonas Green had no Allowance for the Year 1743, till an Allowance
was made to him on the Journal of Accounts of 144 /. in the Year 1744, which was not paid
till 1747: That in the Year 1744, an Act passed, to continue till the 25th of December, 1745,
which, in August 1745, was continued till the 25th of December, 1746, giving the said Jonas
Green the 15 /. yearly Allowance, in each County, as Printer; and in June 1746, an Act
passed, impowering the Justices of Talbot and St. Mary's County to levy 15 /. in each
County in November 1746, for the said Jonas Green's Use, omitted to be levied in Talbot
in 1742, and in St. Mary's in 1744: That in May 1747, the said Act of 1744 was revived and
continued till the 25th of December 1748, and an additional Allowance of 5 /. each County
given to the said Jonas Green for printing the Votes; but if no Session or Convention, the
additional Allowance to cease: That in May 1749, an Act passed to continue till the 25th of
December, 1750, for 20 /. yearly Allowance to the said Jonas Green, in Each County, for
his printing the Laws and Votes; but if no Session, 5 /. Part of the Allowance in Each
County, to cease: By this Act 40 /. was to be levied in Kent County for Omissions in 1747
and 1748, and 5 /. in Dorchester County, for an Omission in 1747: In May 1750, the last
mentioned Act was continued till the ist. of December, 1752, and in June 1752, to the ist.
of December, 1753.

That in October 1753, a new Act passed, to continue till the 2oth. of December, 1755,
giving the like Allowance to the said Jonas Green, subject to the like Abatement when no
Session, as the Act of 1749, and laying a further Duty on him to print the Inspection Law,
passed that Session, for the Vestries and Inspectors, without giving any further Reward for
that new Duty: That in February 1756, an Act passed to continue till the 2oth of Decem-
ber, 1757, apportioning the Said Jonas Green's Allowance by the Number of Taxables in
the respective Counties, which was continued in September 1757, to the 2oth of December
1758, and which expired on that Day, tho' the Session, begun in November 1758, ended but
a few Days before the Expiration of that Law: That in March 1760, an Act passed, to con-
tinue to the 2d Day of April, 1761, giving the like Allowance, and under the like Conditions,
as the last mentioned Act, and also impowering the Justices of the respective Counties to
levy in the whole, 210 /. for his Salary in 1759, there not having been any Session in that year.

That the Said last mentioned Act Expired the 2d of April, 1761; since which there has
not been any Session, and there hath been no Salary or Allowance to the said Jonas Oreer

1 See bibliographical appendix for this volume.

<iA History of Printing in Colonial zJtCary land

for the Year 1761. That the said Jonas Green hath at several Times Printed long Bills,
Records and Papers, inserted in the Journals and Proceedings of the Lower House of As-
sembly, too numerous to particularize, for which he has not received, as your Committee
can find, any Reward, more than his yearly Allowance, tho' the Votes and Proceedings have
been swelled to a great Size, by the Insertion of such Bills and Other Matters.

That since the Duties of Printing the Laws,andVotes and Proceedings, have been blended,
including May Session, 1747, and excluding the present Sessions, there have been Twenty-
two Sessions, and Six Conventions of the Assembly, so that there have been Thirteen Meet-
ings of the Assembly in and since 1747, more than at the Rate of one for each Year.

LATER LEGISLATION FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF JONAS GREEN

In 1762, to expire April 1765, an act was passed, as the result of the fore-
going report, by the terms of which Green was to receive each year that
there was held a session of Assembly two hundred andseventy-nine pounds
currency, but only two hundred and ten pounds if there were no Assembly.
To entitle him to the first mentioned allowance, he was obliged to produce
a certificate from the Sheriff of AnneArundel County that he had delivered
to him the printed laws of each Session within three months after its close,
the Votes and Proceedings within four months. By another section of this
act five hundred pounds were to be paid him for public services for which
he had received no allowances, this sum to be diverted from a fund which
had been set aside in 1754 under the provisions of "An Act for his Majes-
ty's Service."

In 1763 an act passed in November says that the limitations of time im-
posed in the act of 1762 being too short for printing the laws of this session
on account of the approaching "bad Season," the time of printing the laws
was extended to four and the Votes and Proceedings to five months (Bacon
1 763, ch. 33) . At this session, although a short one, the Assembly had passed
among others, "An Act for Amending the Staple of Tobacco, for preventing
Frauds in his Majesty's customs, and for the Limitation of Officers Fees,"
a notable piece of legislation, embodied in one hundred and fifty-three sec-
tions, occupying fifty of Bacon's folio pages for its publication. With the
short and dark days of the "bad Season" coming on, it is not remarkable
that Green had asked for and obtained an extension of time on his printing
of the acts and proceedings of this Assembly. In section 118 of this long
act of 1763 we find that hereafter Green was to be allowed by each County
Court at the laying of its levy three hundred and twenty pounds of tobacco
per annum for printing and delivering a sufficient number of books, notes
and manifests for the use of the tobacco inspectors at their annual inspec-
tions. In Section 120 of the same act it appears that three hundred and

The Jesuit Press • ^Documents Relating to Parks and Green

twenty pounds of tobacco is almost equal to a moidore in money and quite
a little more than an English guinea.

In 1765 an act of Assembly allowed him forty-eight thousand pounds of
tobacco for session years, and thirty-six thousand one hundred and nine
pounds for years in which there were no sessions, and at this rate of pay-
ment Green worked until his death two years later. In the session of 1768
his widow, Anne Catharine Green, was appointed public printer and an act
passed for her encouragement at the above mentioned salary.

THE "PRINTING-HOUSE" EQUIPMENT OF JONAS AND
ANNE CATHARINE GREEN

At the time of Jonas Green's death, intestate, his widow appeared as
administratrix October 1, 1767 (Inventories,^-. i6i-i65,ms.in Land Office,
Annapolis), and took oath as to the correctness of the subjoined inven-
tory, in which appeared this item:

"To 2 old printing presses and a quantity of printing Materials consisting of Types &
Calculated to be of the Value of £90. 14. 5."

When Anne Catharine Green died, in 1775, her inventory of goods and
chattels (Inventories, 119:344-349, ms. in Land Office, Annapolis) showed
the following itemization of the contents of the Green "printing house":

About 360 wt. English letter ^ worn at 3d 4-10-0

About 390 Small Pica do at 3d 4~I7~^

About 400 Long Primer }4 worn at 6d IO~ °~°

About 200 Burgeois do at yd 5-16-8

About 600 do — Good for Little 3~ °~°

About 300 different Sorts a great deal worn at 3d 3~I7~°

One Press and Furniture

One very old do 2~ °~°

Five Friskets

Three pair Tympans one old

Four paire Pints [?] some Broke

Four pair old Ball Stocks

Nine paire Iron Chases

Twelve Composing Sticks

Twenty Gallies and some flies [?]

Fourteen Letter Boards °~

Two paire old Shears, one paste Brush, Tin fender, Board Stand 1

pair belows and a parcel quoins and Reglet
Seven old Frames
Two Imposing Stones on Frames

A pair Leather Buckets and Bag JZ

[Total 53- 7~21

[153]

MARYLAND IMPRINTS OF
THE COLONIAL PERIOD

1689-1776

". . . the publication of every book which has issued from printing
house or Scriptorium is an event in the spiritual history of the human
race, and more particularly in the spiritual history of the country and
city in which it appears, and . . . therefore a record of the publication
of books ought to be kept"

— A.W. POLLARD in The London Mercury for February 1921.

MARYLAND IMPRINTS

^Annotated bibliography ofBooks, ^Broadsides and
Newspapers 'Printed in ^Cary land from
1689 to

HE compiler's intention has been to form a bibliography
of Maryland imprints which should present to the in-
vestigator an outline of the intellectual, political and so-
cial history of the Province of Maryland, and on the
practical side provide a useful guide to librarians, book
collectors and booksellers. In order that this purpose
might be carried out successfully he has made it his ob-
ject to show in regard to each book:

1. An exact transcript of its title-page with the line endings indicated.

2. Where title-page is lacking, an exact transcript of its main heading, and of its colo-

phon, if present.

3. Where headings, imprints and dates are lacking to supply them in square brackets,

giving, when possible, authorities for the matter supplied.

4. A moderately full collation, consisting of size (fold of the sheet); signature sequence

(with a superior number indicating the number of leaves in each gathering of the
copy examined); the total number of leaves; the pagination; the main heads and
the pages occupied by each; typographical ornaments; linear size of the title-page
in inches as being easy to visualize, and of the type page in millimeters as being
exact for purposes of identification.

5. A note comprising facts in the life of the author; explanations of the matter of the

book; such part of the history of the book as is known or seems of importance to
record; cross references to works of a related character.

6. The library or libraries in which the book described is to be found.

The compiler has examined personally all of the items given with colla-
tions in this bibliography, except the following:

Nos. i, 20, 21, 70, 122, 140, 177, 186, 234, 244 and 245. Of these he has
given title transcripts from photographic copies of all except Nos. 177, 244
and 245.

A number of additional titles not seen by the compiler are copied from
Evans's American Bibliography where no location was given for them. In

<iA History of Printing in Colonial <3&ary land

these cases, the Evans reference is noted and the fact mentioned that no
copies have been located.

Collations of the unique British Museum items have been supplied by
Messrs. Edw. C. Allen and Son, Ltd. and Messrs. B. F. Stevens & Brown,
of London. The transcripts and collations of items in libraries outside of
Maryland have been verified by the librarians of the institutions in which
these items are found.

EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Fol. 4to. 8vo. The size notation employed, Fol., 4to, 8vo, etc., indicates the fold of the
sheet as determined by the Bodleian rules formulated for this purpose.

* Asterisk. Where the size notation is preceded by an asterisk, it means that the printer
has used a paper without watermark and turned his paper in such a way as to render
the format of the book difficult of determination. In these cases (almost invariably
a volume of session laws or of "Votes and Proceedings"), the compiler has given the
normal notation of the series to which the book was an annual addition.

( ) Round brackets have been used in the transcripts for interpolated or condensed
information supplied by the book itself, as for example, dates of sessions of Assem-
bly or inclusive annual newspaper dates.

[ ] Square brackets have been used to enclose titles not seen or not described as having
been seen by competent authority; titles taken from newspaper advertisements;
descriptive words or phrases introduced into the transcripts by the compiler; im-
prints or dates not actually present in the book.

re irnn :ar I mean ieaves at the beginning or end of the volume, forming part of
' its contents, but not included in the signature sequence. These are
usually found in copies of the "Acts" or of the "Votes and Proceedings" of the As-
sembly, and are not accounted for in the signature sequence of the series, which some-
times continues for several years.

SIGNATURES

The alphabet employed by the colonial printer for signatures was that customarily
used for this purpose by early printers; namely, one of twenty-three letters in which "J"
and "W" are never used, and either "U" or "V" is invariably omitted.

The description A-D4 means A, B, C, D, with four leaves to each letter; in like manner
A-D8 would mean that each of the four gatherings had eight leaves, and in neither case would
it mean necessarily that the work was in quarto or octavo. The size notation given first in
the collation has been determined by the position of water marks and the direction of chain
lines in accordance with the Bodleian rules.

A signature letter used with an inferior number, as for example A2, As or Aj, means the
second, third or fourth leaf of the gathering A.

GENERAL

Except in instances where the result has seemed to be of importance, no attempt has
been made to account for missing end leaves or fly leaves. Blank end leaves or fly leaves,
however, have been noted when perfect copies have been found containing them.

[158]

<^hCaryland Imprints of the (Colonial Period, 1689-1776

A page not mentioned specifically or inclusively in the collation by pages may be as-
sumed to be a blank.

Capitals have been employed in the transcripts where the compiler believes that the
printer or his contemporaries would have employed them if they had been writing the title
for other purposes than display on a title-page. Unimportant words, even at the beginning
of lines, have been put in lower case.

Because of the necessity of keeping the length of this bibliography within certain speci-
fied limits, the compiler has made no attempt to list the various issues of paper money
engraved by Thomas Sparrow and printed by Anne Catharine Green and her sons, nor has
he listed legal forms, land warrants, writs, etc., except when these have seemed to him to
possess especial significance.

ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR LIBRARIES IN WHICH IMPRINTS ARE TO BE FOUND
AAS — American Antiquarian Society.
BA — Boston Athenaeum.
BBL — Library Company of the Baltimore Bar.
BM — British Museum.
HLS — Harvard Law School.
HSP — Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
HU — Harvard College Library.
JCB — John Carter Brown Library.
LC — Library of Congress.
Leiter Collection — The private collection of the late Levi Z. Leiter of Washington,

See note to the Introduction of this volume.
MassHS — Massachusetts Historical Society.
MDioc — Maryland Diocesan Library.
MdHS — Maryland Historical Society.
MDSL — Maryland State Library.

NYBA— Association of the Bar of the City of New York.
NYHS— New York Historical Society.
NYPL— New York Public Library.
NYSL— New York State Library.
PI — Peabody Institute of Baltimore.
Pleasants— The private collection of Maryland "Acts of Assembly" and "Votes and

Proceedings" of J. Hall Pleasants, M. D., of Baltimore.
PRO —Public Record Office, London.
SLM — State Library of Massachusetts.
VSL — Virginia State Library.

AUTHORITIES FREQUENTLY REFERRED TO IN THE NOTES AND THE

ABBREVIATIONS BY WHICH THEY ARE INDICATED
Allen, St. Ann's Parish: Allen, Ethan, D. D., Historical Notices of St. Ann's Parish in Ann

Arundel County, Maryland— 164.9 to 1857. Baltimore. 1857.

[159]

zA History of Printing in Colonial <JtCary land

Brigham, American Newspapers: Brigham, Clarence, Bibliography of American Newspapers,
1690-1820. Part III (Maryland) in Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society
for April 1915. (To be revised and issued in book form.)

Calvert Papers: The collection of papers of the Lords Baltimore and other members of the
Calvert family relating to the government of Maryland, preserved in the Maryland
Historical Society.

Charlemagne Tower: The Charlemagne Tower Collection of American Colonial Laws. His-
torical Society of Pennsylvania. 1890.

Clayton-Torrence: Clayton-Torrence, William, A Trial Bibliography of Colonial Virginia.
2 v. Richmond. 1908-10. (Being parts of the fifth and sixth annual reports of the
Virginia State Library.)

Dulany Papers: Collection in Maryland Historical Society.

Evans, No. : Evans, Charles, American Bibliography. . . . vols. I-8-J-, 1639-1792+.
Chicago. 1903-1914.

Ford, Bibliographical Notes'. In the Journals of the Continental Congress, edited by Worth-
ington C. Ford. 23 v. Washington. 1904-1914. (Based on the work of the late Paul
Leicester Ford and appended to the terminal volume of each year's journal.)

Fothergill: Fothergill, Gerald, A List of Emigrant Ministers to America, 1600-1811. Lon-
don. 1904.

Gilmor Papers: Collection in Maryland Historical Society.

Hildeburn: Hildeburn, C. S. R., A Century of Printing. The Issues of the Press in Penn-
sylvania, 1685-1784. 2 v. Philadelphia. 1885.

Perry, Collections: Perry, William Stevens, Historical Collections of the American Colonial
Church, v. 4, Maryland, v. 5, Delaware. 1878.

Sprague, Annals (Epis).: Sprague, Wm. B., Annals of the American Pulpit . . . 9 v. New
York. 1865-1877. ^Vol. 5. Episcopal.)

U. H. J.: Upper House Journal of the Maryland Assembly.

L. H. J.: Lower House Journal of the Maryland Assembly.

Printed from the originals for the years 1637-1740 in various volumes of the Archives
of Maryland, vols. 1-40+. Baltimore, 1883-!-. In this same series are to be found
also the "Acts of Assembly" printed from the originals. At the beginning of vol. 40
will be found the contents of the series.

V. & P.: Votes and Proceedings of the Lower House of Assembly of Maryland. (For original
printed editions of these, see under each year from 1727-1776.)

The compiler wishes to make an especial acknowledgment of the value
to him of Charles Evans's American Bibliography in the preparation of the
following list of Maryland imprints. Mr. Evans's contribution to American
literary history has been of such a character as to entitle him to the grati-
tude of all students in that and related subjects. His diligence and courage
and single-minded devotion have cleared a highroad through a wilderness
in which, before his work was published, adventurers stumbled along uncer-
tain trails.

[160]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period,

MARYLAND IMPRINTS OF THE COLONIAL PERIOD, 1689-1776

1689

Broadside. 12x8 inches.

See Chapter One of the preceding narrative for a photographic reproduction and a discussion of this broad-
side, the earliest issue of the Maryland press of which a copy is known to be extant. As there remain no records
or tradi tions of the existence of other printers in Maryland at this time, it seems reasonable to attribute the print-
ing of this document to William Nuthead, the printer who was in the employment of the Province from 1686 to
1694. The single known copy of the broadside, that in the Public Record Office, London, (C. O. 5/718), bears the
following written attestation: "This is a true coppy of the Originall Attested per John Llewellin Clk Assembly."
It is endorsed "Maryland 26th August 1689. Address of the Representatives to the King. Reed, from my Lord
Shrewsbury yth Feb: 89. Copy reed: 31. December." The copy referred to in the endorsement was in manuscript
and is dated "St Maryes the 4th day of Septr. 1689." The absence of the journals of this session of Assembly
makes it difficult to explain the earlier date of the printed document, but its colophon and the attestation of the
clerk of Assembly which it bears seem a guaranty of its Maryland origin and of its authenticity. The printed
"Address" was reprinted in Archives of Maryland, 13: 232; the manuscript document was printed in the same
volume, pages 239-240.

PRO.

Sm. fol. A-B2; 4 leaves; pages 1-8: text, with heading as above; page 8: "Published by Authority", at con-
clusion of text, followed by colophon as above.

Leaf measures: iijx y|f inches. Type page, p. 3: 222 x 135 mm.

No copy of the original Maryland edition has been recorded. Evidence that it was published is found in the
colophon ci ted above, in the known facts of William Nuthead 's life (see Chapter One of the foregoing narrative),
in the assertion regarding it in Chalmers, George, Political Annals (citation below), and in memorandum of the
Lords of Trade of Jan. 7, 1689/90 (C. O. 5: 723, printed in Archives of Maryland, 8: 162) when their lordships
requested their president to lay before the King, together with other Maryland documents, "a declaration in
Print from the Inhabitants there." The last mentioned piece of evidence, however, is weakened by the fact that
there is no printed copy of the "Declaration" among the Maryland papers preserved in the Public Record Office.
A Ms. copy with signatures is in C. O. 5/718.

In his Political Annals, Book I, Lond. 1780, p. 384, George Chalmers (lawyer, historian and typographical
annalist, resident of Maryland, lyfy-circ. 1774) wrote: "The Declaration of the Associators was printed at St.
Mary's by the printer of the Province." In his Ms. "Notes and Transcripts" in the New York Public Library, of
which the transcripts are principally copies of papers in the Public Record Office, he has an abstract of the
"Declaration" and in a parenthesis at the head of it the word "printed." It is possible, of course, that Chalmers
had knowledge of the London reprint and accepted the statement of its colophon without question.

In the entry of the title as given above occurs the official imprimatur of the book: "Licens'd November 28th
1689. J. F." Under the impression that the person represented here by the initials "J. F." was the author of the
"Declaration", Evans, No. 466, has entered it under these initials. This was setting up a difficulty where none
existed;- the "Declaration" was of joint authorship (see Chapter One of the foregoing narrative), and "J. F."
was simply the licenser of the London edition. His initials, or full name "James Fraser," appear in precisely the
same association in the entries of many works licensed in 1689 by the Stationers Company of London. (See A
Transcript of the Registers of the Worshipful Company of Stationers;from 1640-1708 A. D. 3v. Lond. 1913-1914,
being the Roxburghe Club supplement to Arber, Edward, ed. A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of

[161]

*A History of Printing in Colonial <Mary land

Stationers of London; 1554-1640 A. D. 5v. Lond. 1875-1894). By the Star Chamber decree of 1637, continued
in essentials by 13, 14 Charles II, and by I James II, c. 17 and 18, and finally expired in 1694, the licensing
power for books of law was vested in certain judges; of history, in the secretaries of state; of heraldry, in the earl
marshall; of all other books, in the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London. In this year the evi-
dence of the Stationers' register indicates that one James Fraser was acting as licenser for the secretaries of state.
(For information as to the practises of the Stationers Company and the operation of the Licensing Act, see the
several prefaces of the Arber "Transcript" and the Roxburghc Club supplement referred to above; for a brief
and interesting discussion, see Birrell, Augustine. Seven Lectures on the Law and History of Copyright in Books.
Lond. 1899. passim.)

The London reprint of the Maryland "Declaration" is analogous in many details to "The Declaration of the
Gentlemen, Merchants and Inhabitants of Boston, and the Country Adjacent", which occupies pp. 7-19 of By-
field's "An Account of the Late Revolution in New England. Together with the Declaration . . . [as above] April
18, 1689. Licensed June 27, 1689. J. Fraser.", printed in London in 1689 by Ric. Chiswell, who to his reprint of
the "Declaration" appends a note asserting that it had been "Printed according to the copy Printed in New
England by Samuel Green, 1689." Evans, No. 491, locates one copy of the American edition of the Boston
"Declaration" in the Massachusetts State Library and one in a private library. Another, according to Charles
M. Andrews, Narratives of the Insurrections, p. 169, is in the Public Record Office.

The London reprint of the Maryland "Declaration" was reprinted in Magazine of American History, v. I,
1877, and in Charles M. Andrews, Narratives of the Insurrections, 1675-1690, published in 1915 as one of the
"Original Narratives of Early American History" series. The manuscript version, with the eight signatures of
the leaders of the Association is in the Public Record Office (C. O. 5/718) whence it was copied in Archives of
Maryland, 8: IOI.

Copies of the London reprint described above are to be found in : JCB. LC. BM. BODLEIAN (three copies).
Leiter Collection, which has the Brinley copy.

1694

3. [CONEY, PEREGRINE. A Sermon preached before His Excellency and both Houses of As-
sembly of Maryland on Wednesday the 26th of September, 1694. By the Reverend Pere-
grine Coney. St. Mary's City: Printed by William Nuthead. 1694.]

No copy of this sermon has been recorded. On Sept. 27, 1694 (Archives of Maryland, 19: 40) the Upper House
"Ordered that thankes be Returned to Mr. Coney and Mr. Hewet for their Sermons preached yesterday being
the day appointed for the ffast. And that Mr. Coney be desired to print his Sermon". A brief account of this
clergyman is found in Allen, St. Ann's Parish.

1696

4. [CONEY, PEREGRINE. A Sermon preached before His Excellency and both Houses of As-
sembly on Thursday, the 7th of May 1696, being the Day set apart for a Solemn Thanks-
giving for His Majesty's Success and Safe Arrival. By the Reverend Peregrine Coney. An-
napolis: Printed by Dinah Nuthead. 1696.]

No copy recorded. See Archives of Maryland, 19: 313, 316 and 362, where the suggestion "That Mr. Couey
\iic\ be desired to Print his Sermon preached yesterday" made by the Upper House on May 8th was answered
next day by the delegates as follows: "Resolved that the thanks of this house be returned Mr. Peregrine Couey
[sic] for his thanksgiving Sermon, preached on Thursday last being the Day sett apart for a Solemn thanksgiv-
ing for his Ma'tys Success and Safe Arrivall." Three days before the Upper House suggested that this sermon be
printed, its members had read, approved and passed on to the Lower House Dinah Nuthead's petition to be
allowed to establish her press in Annapolis. See Chapter One of the foregoing narrative.

1700

Sm. 410. [A]1, B-C4, D2; 1 1 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-20; p. [i]: title, verso: "May the 9th. 1700. Ordered that Doc-
tor Bray be Returned Thanks for his Excellent Sermon on that Text, Remember thy Creator in the days of thy
yoath, [sic] &c. And desire the same to be printed. Tho: Smithson Speaker."; pp. 1-20: text, with heading, A |

[162]

mprints of the Colonial Period, l68g-ljj6

Leaf measures: yj x 5^ inches. Type page, p. 2: 156 x 130 mm.

See Archives of Maryland, 24: 82. The edition here described is not to be confused with that which was en-
tered by Watt in his Bibliotheca Britannica under the title: "Early Religion; a Sermon on Eccles. XII. I. 1704.
8vo.", for it must have been that in making this entry the indefatigable, but not always exact, Dr. Watt had in
mind the following work: A Pastoral Discourse to Young Persons, Reminding them oj the Necessity and Advantage
of an Early Religion ... By Thomas Bray, D. D. London. MDCCIV. This publication in octavo, a copy of which is
in the Maryland Historical Society, comprises a long preface and the same sermon which Dr. Bray had preached
before the Assembly of Maryland and published in Annapolis in 1700, very much altered in parts for its more
particular application to the needs of his younger auditors. It is likely that Watt had never heard of the Mary-
land edition.

The copy of The Necessity oj an Early Religion in the Maryland Historical Society, Evans, No. 904, seems
to be unique. It was bought at the Brinley Sale, 2: 3667, for $72, and it is in fair condition, although it has been
cropped and the inner top margins of pages 1-4 have been crudely repaired. It is the earliest example of Maryland
printing extant in this country, as far as is known, and it is believed that this is the copy which was referred to
in Stevens, Historical Nuggets, \ : 339; Stevens, Auction Catalogue, '61, 381; Sabin, No. 7480. It was reprinted in
Rev. Thomas Bray. His Life and Selected Works Relating to Maryland, edited by Bernard C. Steiner as Maryland
Historical Society Fund Publication No. 37. Balto. 1901, where it occupies pp. 99-122. In this publication also
was prin ted A Short Historical Account of the Life and Designs of Thomas Bray, D. D. late Vicar of St. Botolph's
Without Aldgate, [by the Rev. Richard Rawlinson], the first publication in its entirety of the Rawlinson Ms.
from which was chiefly taken the well known Public Spirit Illustrated in the Life and Designs of the Reverend
Thomas Bray, D. D. London. 1746. Second ed. 1808. There should be consulted also as to Dr. Bray's American
activities the following: "Rev. Thomas Bray and his American Libraries", by Bernard C. Steiner in the Amer-
ican Historical Review, 2: 59 et seq., and the History of the New York Society Library, by Austin Baxter Keep.
N. Y. 1908. Other printed sources are available, notably Perry, William Stevens. History of the American Epis-
copal Church. 2v. Bost. 1885, and the same author's Historical Collections Relating to the American Colonial
Church, v. 4 (Maryland).

See Plate II for a photographic reproduction of the title-page.

MdHS. NYPL. (Photostat copy).

6. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. An Act for the Service of Almighty God and Establishment
of Religion in this Province According to the Church of England. Annapolis: Printed by
Thomas Reading. 1700.]

No copy recorded. Ordered printed and distributed, one to each parish, by resolution of Lower House. See
L. H. J. May 7, 1700, Archives of Maryland, 24: 67.

7. — [A Complete Body of the Laws of Maryland. Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading.
1700.]

Collation of unique and imperfect copy in Library of Congress is as follows:

Fol. 2 preliminary leaves, A-Z2, Aa-Bb2 and fragments of Cc-Ff2, Gg1, makinga total of 61 leaves and parts of
leaves; pages [iii-vi], i-n8-f; title-page lacking; p. [Hi]: "To my Honoured and Ingenious Friend Mr. William
Bladen at the [Port] of Annapolis"; pp. [v-vi]: "The Index"; pp. 1-118: text of laws contained in "confirming
act of 1700, together with laws passed at session of Apr. 26-May 9, 1700 (Archives of Maryland, v, 24); p. 119
when present, as Index shows, contained text also; p. 120: contents unknown.

Leaf measures: 13! x 75 inches. Type page, p. 5: 278 x 145 mm.

In the foregoing narrative (Chapter Two) there is an extended discussion of this book. The supposedly unique
copy in the Library of Congress lacks its title-page, pages 49-62 are damaged and pages 101-120 exist only in
small fragments. This copy belonged at one time to John Bozman Kerr and has his notes.

1702

8. GREAT BRITAIN. Anne by the Grace of God of Great Brittain [sic] France & Ireland
Queen Defender of the Faith &c. To the Sheriff of County greeting. We com-| maud
[sic] you that you Summon that all Excuses set aside be and appear before the
| Justices of our Court to be held at the day of next to testify the
truth of knowledge in a certain | matter of Controversy in our said Court depending

[163]

*A History of Printing in Colonia

between Plaintif and Defendant on | part of the hereof not to

fail on pain of five pounds Sterling, and fail you not at your peril, and have you then and
there his Writt. Witness | Chief Justice of our said Court this day of in

the year of our Reign &c. Anno Domini .) [Annapolis: Printed by Thomas

Reading. 1702.]

Broadside, ij x 14$ inches.

In the year 1700, William Bladen, Thomas Reading's associate in the press, petitioned the Assembly that
only printed blank forms should be used by the Provincial officers in public business, and for his encouragement
and recompense it was so ordered. See L. H. J. May 6, 1700, Archives of Maryland, 24: 60, where the following
list of forms and the prices at which they could be purchased is given:

Writs To be had at one penny or one

Citations pound of tobacco each.

Summonses

Letters Testamentary To be had at two pence or two

Letters of Administration pounds of tobacco each.

Bail Bonds

The court summons above described is one of the printed official forms provided for in the ordinance of As-
sembly here referred to. This example is crudely printed in the worst style of Thomas Reading. It is entered here
under the earliest year in which it could have been printed; that is, 1702, the first of Queen Anne. The copy de-
scribed is addressed to the sheriff of Baltimore County requiring him to produce in court as a witness one "Pat-
rick Murfy"; it is dated in script "April 20, 1714" and signed by John Stokes, clerk of the Court. The "Proceed-
ings" of the Baltimore County Court show that John Stokes took oath as clerk of the court in Nov. 1710, was
appointed or served as High Sheriff in March 1715 and took oath as clerk again in Aug. 1718. (Information from
Mr. William B. Marye of Baltimore.)
MdHS.

1703

Sm. 410. B-C4, D3; ij leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-19, [20]; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-19: text, with heading, A | Sermon |
Preach'd at Annapolis July the 4th 1703.) By George Keith M. A.| I. Thess. i. 5.] [Two lines quoted].

Leaf measures: 8 x 6J inches. Type page, p. 2: 170 x 121 mm.

For the circumstances attending the delivery of this sermon and its publication in Annapolis see Keith,
George, A Journal of Travels from New Hampshire to Caratuck, . . , London, 1706, p. 66; reprinted New York,
1851, in "Collections of the Protestant Episcopal Historical Society," which see, p. 39. Quotation of the essential
part of the passage is made in the foregoing narrative (Chapter Three). On page 52 of the New York reprint of
t ie Journal, Keith gives the titles of the ten treatises which he "wrote and Published in Print, in North America,
... in the years 1702, and 1703, to 1704."

In the imprint jf the above entry, the words "the George" are sometimes recorded as "tho [sic] George", but
this is incorrect. The letter is not an "o," but a broken "e." The JCB. copy is evidently an earlier issue than that
in the NYHS., for on the latter title-page the misplaced comma in the word "Powe,r" has been caught by the
printer and removed.

JCB. NYHS. Leiter Collection. MdHS. (Photostat copy).

1704

10. An | Abridgement | of the I Laws I in Force and Use in I Her Majesty's Plantations;]

/T7* \ r i J J

(Viz.) cf |

Virginia, New England,

Jamaica, New- York,

Barbadoes, Carolina, &c.
Maryland,

[164]

^Maryland Imprints of the (Colonial Period, i68q-IJj6

Digested under proper Heads in the Me-| thod of Mr. Wingate, and Mr. Washington's
| Abridgements, j London, | Printed for John Nicholson at the King's-Arms in | Little
Britain, R. Parker, and R. Smith, under | the Royal-Exchange, and Benj. Tooke at the
Middle-] Temple-Gate in Fleetstreet, 1704.!

8vo. A2, B-S8, T6, B-N8, 2 unsigned leaves, U8; 250 leaves. In the second series of signatures, the sections
B-F8, G4, pages i-[8y], [88], contain: An | Abridgement | of the | Laws | of | Maryland,! Now in Force.| Under
Proper Heads. |; pp. [81-87] are wrongly numbered 65-71, so that the Maryland laws while appearing to occupy
only 71 pages, in reality occupy 87 pages. Full contents of the volume given in Charlemagne Tower, No. I, and
in Clayton-Torrence, No. 91.

Leaf measures: f\ x 4! inches. Type page, p. 2: 162 x 82 mm.

References in the Maryland section are to the statutes at large in the edition of collected laws printed at
Annapolis in 1700, see above, No. 7. See foregoing narrative for reference to "An Abridgement" in connection
with the discussion in Chapter Two of this edition of collected laws.

MdHS. LC. VSL. HSP. NYPL. NYBA. SLM. BA. JCB.

ii. [COCKSHUTT, THOMAS. A Sermon preached at the Opening of St. Anne's Church, An-
napolis, on Sunday the 24th of September, 1 704, in the Afternoon. By the Reverend Thomas
Cockshutt. Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading. 1704.]

No copy recorded. In the U. H. J. for Oct. 2, 1704 {Archives of 'Maryland, 26: 86) is found the following entry:
"By the Council &c. The Board resolve that the Sermon preached by Mr. Cockshutt at the opening of the Church
at Annapolis on Sunday the 24th of September in the Afternoon be printed if the House shall think fitt. Signed
per Order W. Bladen Cl Council. Which was returned by Major Greenberry with the Houses Concurrence."

ia. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. The Laws of the Province of Maryland, made and passed
at a Session of Assembly begun and held at the City of Annapolis on the fifth day of Sep-
tember, 1704. Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading. 1704.]

No copy recorded. See below, note to No. 19.

13. — [The Laws of the Province of Maryland, made and passed at a Session of Assembly
begun and held at the City of Annapolis on the fifth day of December, 1704. Annapolis:
Printed by Thomas Reading. 1704.]

No copy recorded. See below, note to No. 19.

14. [WOOTON (WOOTEN), JAMES. A Sermon preached at the Opening of St. Anne's Church,
Annapolis, on Sunday the 24th of September, 1704, in the Morning. By the Reverend James
Wooton. Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading. 1704.]

No copy recorded. In the U. H. J. for Sept. 25, 1704 (Archives of Maryland, 26: 69-70) is found the following
entry: "By the House of Deleg's . . . This House are very well Satisfied with the well composed Discourse preached
by the Reverend Doctor Wooton at opening of the Annapolitan church and think it highly worthy of the press
which if your Ex'cy does we pray your Ex'cy to give Order for ... which was assented to by the Council.
W. Bladen Cl Coun."

The Rev. James Wooton received the royal bounty for his passage to America on Aug. 12, 1703. (Fothergill).
A brief account of him is found in Allen, St. Ann's Parish.

1705

15. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. The Laws of the Province of Maryland, made and passed
at a Session of Assembly begun and held at the City of Annapolis on the fifteenth day of
May, 1705. Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading. 1705.]

No copy recorded. See below note to No. 19.

1706

1 6. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Maryland ss. | At a Sessions of Assembly begun and held at
the Town and Port of | Annapolis April the Second and Ended the Nineteenth of the same

[165]

<^4 History of Printing in Colonial *3&ary land

\ Month Anno Domini 1706. In the Fifth Year of the Reign of Our Most | Gracious Sover-
eign Lady Queen Anne, &c. His Excellency | John Seymour Esq- [sic] being Governour,
were Enacted these | Laws following viz. | [Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading. 1706.]

Fol. B-C2, D1; 5 leaves; pages i-io: text, with heading as above; p. 10: "Finis".

Leaf measures: 145 x 9^ inches. Type page, p. 2: 304 x 151 mm.

No copy of the separate issue of the session laws of April 1706 is known to exist, but the bibliographical evi-
dence gives clear indication that a separate issue did exist at one time, and that when this separate issue was
printed a number of extra sheets were run off and held for later inclusion in their proper chronological order in
the volume of collected laws described below as All the Laws of Maryland Now in Force, of which volume the
sheets described in this entry form a part. This point is discussed below in the collation and note of No. 17.

1707

17. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. [All the Laws of Maryland Now in Force. Published by
Authority of the General Assembly. Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading. 1707.]

Fol. The single known copy is imperfect. The collation of the remaining leaves is as follows: B-U2, X1, B-C2,
D1, Aa-Ee2; 54 leaves; pages 1-77, [78]; i-io; 95-114; pp. 1-3: laws of April session 1704, with session heading;
pp. 4-65: laws of September session 1704, with session heading; pp. 65-75: laws of December session 1704, with
session heading; pp. 75-77: laws of May session 1705, with session heading; p. 77: "Errata"; p. [78]: blank; pp.
i-io (second series, signatures B-C2, D1): laws of April session 1706, with session heading; p. 10: "Finis"; pp.
95-106: laws of March session 1707, with session heading; pp. 106-113: "Several Acts of Assembly formerly made
and declared to be in force"; p. 113: note by the Printer in two paragraphs, the first of which is given below in
note to this entry, and the second, containing evidence that Thomas Reading was the printer of the volume, is
quoted here: "These are to give Notice to all Gentlemen &c. that are any ways interested in private Acts of As-
sembly, that they may have them printed at Inrge [sic, for 'large']: And may likewise be furnished with blank
Bills, Bonds, Writts Bills of Exchange, Bills of Lading, Administration Bonds, Testamentary Bonds, Letters of
Administration, Letters Testamentary, Warrants for Appraisers &c. with any other Matters printed at reason-
able Rates by Thomas Reading living in the Town and Port of Annapolis."; p. 114: "The Index".

Leaf measures: 14! x 9 inches. Type page, p. 2: 300 x 151 mm.

An explanation of the irregular pagination and signature sequence of this volume is found in the first para-
graph of the note on p. 113, wh'jh reads as follows: "The Reader is hereby desired to take Notice that in the
Assembly made Anno 1706 the Pages are Folio'd i 2 3 &c by reason the Laws made that Sessions were ordered
to be first Printed so that they could not be truly ascertained, and instead thereof add 80 8 1 82 &c. otherwise the
Index will be false." One assumes from this note that the printer had issued separately the session laws of April
1706 at some time previous to the publication of the present "collection," and that having, as the records show,
the printing of the "collection" in view at this time he had planned to save himself a great deal of extra composi-
tion in the future by running off, without change of pagination or signatures, a number of extra sheets of these
laws to be held and later to be bound in their proper chronological order in the "collection." If this assumption
be correct, it follows that the signatures [X i] and [Y-Z2] of the first series were never printed, and that the earlier
printed sheets just described, B-C2 and D1, pp. i-io, were substituted for them.

In spite of Reading's note, there exists an actual discrepancy in the pagination, by which pp. 93-94 remain
unaccounted for, a fact which does not necessarily mean that a leaf has been lost from the volume, but rather
bears out certain other evidence that the printer was thoroughly confused by his own expedient for bringing his
pagination into accord with his index. This is seen to be the case from an examination of the "Index", which, in
spite of his pains, is "false", for therein p. i of the second series appears not as p. 81 but as p. 78, and a similar
discrepancy occurs for all pages in the second series i-io. Whoever made the Index considered that as p. I was
the first page of type after p. 77, it should accordingly be called p. 78, even though it was a recto page.

The title under whic!. this work is entered here is that given to it in the preface of Trott's Laws of the Plan-
tations, London, 1721. See the foregoing narrative (Chapter Three) for a more extended historical and biblio-
graphical discussion of this, the second collection of Maryland laws.

The presumably unique copy of the volume has been deposited for safe keeping in the Peabody Library of
Baltimore by a descendant of Robert Goldsborough, its earliest owner. The first two leaves are torn away in
the lower right hand corner destroying a portion of the text; corners and edges are gnawed throughout; last leaf
is worm-eaten, making Index imperfect, but except for that portion of the first two leaves already referred to the
text is complete. See Plate III for photographic reproduction of page 113, containing the two notes quoted above.

[166]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, l68g-IJj6

1 8. — [Acts of the Province of Maryland made and passed at a Session of Assembly begun
and held at the City of Annapolis on the twenty-sixth day of March, 1707. Annapolis:
Printed by Thomas Reading. 1707.]

No copy recorded. See below, note to No. 19.

1708

19. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of the Province of Maryland made and passed at a
Session of Assembly begun and held at the City of Annapolis on the twenty-ninth day of
November, 1708. Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading. 1708.]

No copy recorded. For authorization to print the laws of the sessions from Sept. 1704 to Nov. 1708, omitting
the^ession of Sept. 1708 at which no laws were passed, see L. H. J. Sept. 12, 1704, April 8, 1706, April 15, 1707.
For evidence that the printing was done, see "Petition of Thomas Reading", L. H. J. Nov. n, 1709. For full
discussion and quotation of these references, see preceding narrative, Chapter Three.

20. — His Excellency's Speech to the General Assembly. | Mr. Speaker and you Gentlemen
Delegates,! . . . [Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading. 1708.]

Broadside. isj x 6f inches.

The address of his Excellency, John Seymour, delivered Nov. 29, 1708, at the session of Nov. 29- Dec. 15,
1708. See below, note to No. 21.

Broadside. io£ x 5^ inches.

This is the reply delivered Dec. 2, 1708, to the Governor's address noted above in No. 20. See Archives of 'Mary-
land', v. 27, where the two speeches are printed in connection with the Assembly Proceedings, Nov. 29-Dec. 15,
1708, and where on p. 277, the following transaction is recorded: "By the House of Delegates 2nd December
1708. This House return your Excellency thanks for the Satisfaction you exprest to have received by our Answer
to your Excellency's Speech and are desirous to have the Speech printed if your Excellency thinks fit".

On the same day the following reply to the foregoing message was received by the House: "Gentlemen, His
Excellency will give Directions that both his Speech and your Answer thereto be forthwith printed for the better
Satisfaction of the good People of this Province."

These two broadsides, Nos. 20 and 21, appeared as item No. 452 in the catalogue of the Anderson Galleries,
No. 1546. They were sold on Jan. n, 1921, to Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach for #1,260. Copies were at one time in the
Maryland State Library, as appears from an incomplete list of governmental publications in that library, now
in the compiler's possession, which was made about the year 1904 by Mr. L. H. Dielman of the Peabody Insti-
tute. Mr. Dielman was at that time cataloguer in the MDSL., and his list begins with the entry of these two
broadsides. Nos. 244 and 245 of this bibliography were also on Mr. Dielman's list, but none of these items can
now be found in the Maryland State Library.

1709

22. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of the Province of Maryland made and passed at a
Session of Assembly begun and held at the City of Annapolis on the twenty-fifth day of
October, 1709. Annapolis: Printed by Thomas Reading. 1709.]

No copy recorded. For authorization to print, see L. H. J. Nov. n, 1709. No evidence that the printing was
done appears in succeeding Lower House Journals.

1718

[I67]

*A History of Printing in Colonial *3&ary land

Fol. If2, a-b2, A-Z2, Aa-Zz2, Aaa-Iii2; 116 leaves; pages [i-xii], 1-220; p. [i]: title; pp. [iii-iv]: "The Publisher
to the Reader", signed, "Evan Jones"; pp. [v-xi]: "An Index to the following collection of Laws"; pp. 1-218: text
of laws of Mary land from 169210 1718; pp. 2 18-220 rone law of May 1705; pp. 17, 2oand 125 wrongly numbered.

Leaf measures: \i\ x 7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 261 x 140 mm.

Hildeburn, No. 1 50. See foregoing narrative, Chapter Four.

PI. LC.

1719

24. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. His Excellency's | Speech,] to | the Upper and Lower-
Houses of Assembly | of | Maryland.) [Philadelphia: Printed by Andrew Bradford. 1719.]

Fol. A-B2, [C]1, 5 leaves; pp. i-io: text, with heading as above and ornamental initial; contains also addresses
of both houses to the Governor.

Leaf measures: iaf x ~j\ inches. Type page, p. 2: 247 x 155 mm.

Address delivered at session of May i4-June 6, 1719. For authority to print see L. H. J. June 5, 1719. It was
issued probably as part of the laws of this session, but its separate pagination and signature sequence entitle it to
individual entry, especially as it is not accounted for in the contents of the volume of session laws with which it
was issued. It is not recorded in Hildeburn. See below, No. 25.

PI. LC.

Fol. i preliminary leaf, Kkk-Qqq2; 15 leaves; preliminary leaf: title as above, verso: "The Contents"; pp.
221-248: text, with session heading; p. 228 wrongly numbered; p. 248: "Finis".

Leaf measures: I2| x 7! inches. Type page, p. 222: 245 x 156 mm.

For authority to print, see L. K. J. June 5, 1719. In both this book and in the collected laws printed by Brad-
ford in 1718, there occurs on the second leaf of each gathering the signature symbol of that gathering followed by
the figure "3". Thus consecutive leaves read: A, Ag, B, B8, etc. The signatures and pagination of this work are in
continuation of the signatures and pagination of the collected laws of 1718. The work is not mentioned in Hilde-
burn. See above, No. 23.

The two known copies seem to have been issued with "His Excellency's Speech," delivered at this session,
bound between the first and second leaves, but as the pagination and signature sequence of the "Speech" are
separate and as the Contents does not take account of it, the "Speech" has been given individual entry above,
No. 24.

PI. LC.

1720

26. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. The Laws of the Province of Maryland, made and passed
at a Session of Assembly begun and held at the City of Annapolis, on the fifth day of April,
Anno Domini 1720. Annapolis: Printed by John Peter Zenger. 1720.]

No copy known. For authorization to print, see L. H. J. April 12, 1720. For evidence that the printing was
done, see L. H. J. Oct. 27, 1720: "Resolved that the Printer be Allowed five hundred pounds of tobacco for the
Printing the Laws for the Counties &c as last Sessions, . . .", [»'. e. session of April, 1720.]

27- — [Acts of a session of Assembly begun and held at the City of Annapolis, on the elev-
enth day of October, Anno Domini 1720. Annapolis: Printed by John Peter Zenger. 1720.]
No copy known. For authorization to print, see L. H. J. Oct. 27, 1720. For evidence that the printing was
done, see L. H. J. Aug. 5, 1721: "Resolved that John Peter Zenger print the Body of Laws this Sessions as
usual . . ."

[168]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-

1721

28. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of a session of Assembly begun and held at the City
of Annapolis, on the eighteenth day of July, Anno Domini 1721. Annapolis: Printed by
John Peter Zenger. 1721.]

For authorization to print, see L. H. J. Aug. 6, 1721. No evidence has been discovered that the printing was
done. For a discussion of Zenger 's printing activity in Maryland, see foregoing narrative (Chapter Five).

29. — The I Speech | of His Excellency | Coll. Charles Calvert, | Governour of the Province
of Maryland,] to both Houses of Assembly, Febr. 2o.| 1721.! Gentlemen of the Upper and
Lower Houses of Assembly;| . . . [Philadelphia: Printed by Andrew Bradford. 1721.]?

Fol. A2, B1, only, in single known copy; pp. 1-6: text, with head-piece and heading as above; p. 3, wrongly
numbered "4"; all after p. 6, lacking.

Leaf measures: I2f x 7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 220 x 134 mm.

Contains Governor Calvert's reasons for discharging Thomas Bordley from the Council, and Bordley's de-
fence. In this Session, (see L. H. J., Feb. 28, 1721-22, Archives of Maryland, 34: 328), the journal reads: "Mr. Jones
has the liberty of printing the Tobacco Laws." This collection of speeches and papers, however, is the only re-
corded printed document of the session, and as it seems that Jones was acting as the Provincial printing agent
again, it is likely that it was printed by Bradford, who customarily printed the papers which Jones undertook
to publish for the Assembly.

MdHS. (in Miscellaneous State Papers.)

Fol. Full collation of this volume is found in the Benedict Catalogue, item No. 3. It contains thirty-one stat-
utes at large of Maryland relating to the matters specified, as follows:

This compilation contains in its preface much valuable information regarding the bibliography of American
colonial statutes. Grateful reference has been made to it more than once in the narrative portion of this work,
where is given also in Chapter Four a brief account of its learned compiler. The collection was reissued in 1725
with no changes except in the title-page, which bore the following imprint:

London:] Printed for John Clarke, at the Bible under the Royal-Exchange. | M.DCC.XXV.)

A copy of this issue is in NYPL. The Benedict and the MDioc. copies are the only recorded copies of the
edition of 1721.

1723

31. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts | of | Assembly,! passed in the | Province of Maryland,]
from 1692, to 1715.) [Royal Arms, surmounted by G. R.] London,! Printed by John Bas-
kett, Printer to the King's most Ex-| cellent Majesty, MDCCXXIII.)

Fol. a-e2, *A-*Z2, *Aa-*Zz2, 102 leaves; pp. [i-ii], iii-xi, [xii], [I-VIII], 1-183, fl84l; PP- 81, 82, 83, wrongly num-
bered; p. [i]: title; pp. iii-xi: His Majesty's Royal | Charter | to the | Lord Baron of Baltemore.j, with head and
tail pieces; pp. [I-VII]: "Index to Maryland Laws", with head and tail pieces; pp. 1-183: text, with head-piece
and heading, The | Laws | of | Maryland.], running heads.

Leaf measures: i4j x 9 inches. Type page, p. 2: 265 x 146 mm.

Description and discussion of this work in foregoing narrative, Chapter Four.

MdHS. HSP. NYPL. NYBA. BA. LC.

[I69]

*A History of Printing in Colonial <3tfary land

1724

32. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Address and Resolves of the Lower House of Assembly at
a Session begun and held at the City of Annapolis on the tenth day of October, 1722. Phil-
adelphia: Printed by Andrew Bradford. 1724.]?

No copy recorded. See L. H. J. Oct. 13, 1724: "Several printed Copys of the Address and the Resolves of the
Lower House in October Assembly 1722 being produced to this house are well approved of in the manner as they
are now printed." Not in Hildeburn. For discussion, see foregoing narrative, Chapter Five.

1725

33. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. The | Charter | of | Maryland,! Together with the | De-
bates and Proceedings | of | the Upper and Lower Houses of Assembly,) in the Years 1722,
1723 and 1724. Relating to the | Government and Judicature of that Province. | [Royal
arms, surmounted by G R; four lines of quotation from Wisdom, chap. 9. Verses 5, 6.]
Collected from the Journals, and Published by Order of the Lower-House.) Philadelphia,
Printed and Sold by Andrew Bradford, at the Bible in the | Second-Street. 1725.)

Leaf measures: 11^x7 inches. Type page, p. 2 of the Charter: 240 x 120 mm. Type page, p. 6 of the Pro-
ceedings: 240 x 145 mm.

General title from American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Collation from Maryland Historical So-
ciety copy, which lacks general title. See Archives of Maryland, 35: 149; also 35: 303 where occurs the following
entry: "Thomas Bordley Esqr pursuant to the request of the Lower House last Sessions of Assembly brings into
the House Severall printed Copies of the proceedings of the Lower House in the years 1722-1723: 1724 relating
to the Government and Judicature of this province, which were delivered to the severall members of thib House.

Of which printed Copies Together with the printed Copy of the Charter of this Province and the Epistolary
preface annext thereto all bound together this House approves . . . , And unanimously return their thanks to the
said Thomas Bordley Esqr for his extraordinary care and pains in making a Collection of the said proceedings
and Composing the preface thereto and getting them printed for the publick service. Thereupon the said Thomas
Bordley Esqr expresses his Satisfaction in the House's kind acceptance of his Endeavour in the publick service."
See foregoing narrative, Chapter Five.

1726

34. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,) enacted | at a Session of Assembly, be-
gun and held at the | City of Annapolis, March the I5th, 1725.) [Annapolis: Printed by
William Parks. 1726.]

Sm. fol. Known copy lacks title-page. Has [A]1, B-E2; 9 leaves; pages 3-20: Acts of Session of Mch. 15-Mch.
23> 1725/26> with heading as above; p. 20: "Advertisement" (of collected laws soon to be issued, see below, No.
38, and other matters pertaining to Parks's duty as printer to the Province).

Leaf measures: 12 x yj inches. Type page, p. 5: 253 x 133 mm.

The only known copy of this, the earliest recorded issue of the press of William Parks, is that in the Mary-
land Diocesan Library. See Chapter Six in the foregoing narrative.

[I70]

tJXCary land Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

land and Avalon, &c. Annoq; Dom' 1726.] [Baltimore arms] By Authority:] Annapolis:
Printed by W. Parks.) [1726.]

Fol. [A]-B2; 4 leaves; pages [i]-8; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-8: Acts of session of July 12-25, J726, with session heading.

Leaf measures: II J x 7J inches. Type page, p. 7: 232 x 131 mm.

MDioc.

36. Proposals | for a | Tobacco-Law,) in the Province of Maryland.) Humbly offered to the
Consideration of | the Legislature, and all Lovers of their | Country. | In a Letter from a
Gentleman to William Parks, Printer | in Annapolis.) [Type device] Annapolis: Printed in
the Year, 1726.) (Price One Shilling.) |

Sm. 410. [A]-B4, C3; u leaves; pages [i]-2i, [22]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-21: text, with head-piece and heading,
The Necessity of a Tobacco-Law consider'd.|, signed at end, "A Lover of his Country", and dated, "Nov. 19,
1726"; p. 21 : "Advertisement", (announcing the publication of the "Compleat Body of Laws" in the following
March. See below, No. 38.)

Leaf measures: 7! x 6 inches. Type page, p. 4: 5J x 4! inches.

See below, Nos. 37 and 51.

NYHS. MdHS. (photostat copy).

1727

363. Advertisement to the Reader.] In the 237th Page of this Volume, there is | printed by
Mistake, An Act Entituled,) An Act for Limitation of Trespass and E-| jectment. But the
said Act is not in Force,) being dissented to by the Right Honourable | the Lord Proprie-
tary: Therefore the Reader | is desired to cross it out with a Pen.) [Annapolis: Printed by
William Parks. 1727.]

Broadside. 3! x 3^ inches, with head and tail pieces.

Volume referred to is No. 38, entered below, which in many copies, as for example MdHS. and MDioc. have
this "Advertisement to the Reader" pasted on the inside back cover.

Sm. 410. [A]-C2, [D]1; 7 leaves; pages [i]-i3, [14]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-13: text, with head-piece and heading, A Let-
ter from a Freeholder, to a Member | of the Lower House of Assembly.)

Leaf measures, p. 5: 7! x 5^$ inches. Type page, p. 5: 154 x 112 mm.

"Sir," writes the Freeholder, "I am very glad that a Gentleman who is a Friend to his Country, (as I am firmly
perswaded the Author of the late Letter to the Printer really is) has communicated his thoughts to the Publick,
concerning a thing so much desired and so much wanted as a Tobacco-Law, . . ." It is probable that the "Letter
to the Printer" on the subject of a "Tobacco-Law" which the Freeholder here refers to was Proposals/or a To-
bacco-Law, published late in 1726. See above, No. 36; see also No. 51.

NYPL. MdHS. (photostat copy).

38. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. A | Compleat Collection | of the | Laws of Maryland.) With )
an Index, and Marginal Notes, directing | to the several Laws, and the chief Matters | con-
tained in them.) Collected and Printed by Authority.) [Baltimore arms] Annapolis:]
Printed by William Parks. MDCCXXVII.]

Sm. fol. [A]-Z2, Aa-Zz2, Aaa-Zzz2, Aaaa-Gggg2, Gggg-Hhhh2, (signature Gggg repeated); 156 leaves; pp. [I-
IV], 1-300, [i-viii]; p. [I]: title; p. [Ill]: dedication to Charles Lord Baltimore, Governor Benedict Leonard Cal-
vert and the two houses of Assembly, signed, "William Parks"; pp. 1-300: text, with heading, "Laws of Mary-
land", running heads; pp. 297-300: two private laws relating to the City of Annapolis; pp. [i-vi]: index; last leaf
is blank but genuine. (Pasted on inside back cover of one copy in Maryland Historical Society is "Advertisement
to the Reader" calling attention to act on p. 237. See above, No. 36a.)

Leaf measures: iii%x "j\ inches. Type page, p. 2: 244X 130 mm.

*A History of Printing in Qolonia l^Caryla nd

Known in Bacon's day as the "Old Body of Laws." See foregoing narrative, Chapter Six.

Copies in many libraries, as for example:

MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. LC. HSP. NYPL. NYBA. MassHS. HU. AAS.

39. — Laws of Maryland,! enacted | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held | at the City
of Annapolis, on Thursday, the | Tenth Day of October, in the Thirteenth Year | of the
Dominion of the Right honourable | Charles, Lord Baron of Baltemore,| Absolute Lord
and Proprietary of the Provin-| ces of Maryland and Avalon, &c. Annoq;| Domini 1727.)
To which are added, | Some Laws that were omitted to be Collected | in the bound Volume.
As also the Speech | of his Excellency the Governour, and the | Addresses of both Houses,
and the Answers | thereto, at the Opening this Session.] [Baltimore arms] By Authority.)
Annapolis:] Printed and Sold by W. Parks. MDCCXXVII. Price Two Shillings.]

Sm. fol. i preliminary leaf, A-G2; 15 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-32 [28], pp. 17 to 28 wrongly numbered 21 1032; p.
[i]: title; pp. 1-4: "The Speech of His Excellency ... to both Houses . . .", with tail-piece; pp. 5-29 [25]: text of
Acts of Oct. 1727, with session heading and running heads; p. 29 [25]: resolution regarding prisoners for debt; pp.
3032 [26-28]: "The following laws, made in October Assembly 1722, being omitted to be collected in the last
Volume, are thought proper to be added hereto"; p. 32 [28]: "Advertisement".

Leaf measures: ii& x 7$ inches. Type page, p. 2: 240 x 127 mm.

Session lasted from Oct. 10-30, 1727. In the Addenda to this bibliography are given title-page transcript and
description of a later issue of this book in which various errors were corrected.
MdHS. LC. NYBA. HU. BM.

40. — Proceedings of Assembly,] of the Province of | Maryland,! Containing | the Speeches
of the Right Honourable the Lord | Proprietor, His Honour the Governour, &c. With | the
Addresses and Answers thereto. Also several | Messages, Debates, and other material Pro-
ceedings I of the Three last Sessions of Assembly.] [Baltimore arms] Collected (by Order of
the Honourable the Lower-House of Assembly) by John | Beale, and Vachel Denton,
Esqrs. And Publish'd by Order of the same House.| Annapolis:] Printed by William Parks,
Printer to the Right Honourable the Lord | Proprietor, and the Province. 1727.!

Sm. fol. [A]1, B-I2, [K]1; ([A] is probably imposed as second leaf of [Kl); 18 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-33, [34]; p-
[i]: title; pp. 1-33: text, with heading, The | Speech | of | the Right Honourable Charles, Absolute Lord | and
Proprietor of the Provinces of Maryland and | Avalon, Lord Baron of Baltimore; and of His | Honour Charles
Calvert, Esq; Governor | of Maryland; to the Members of the Upper | and Lower Houses of Assembly; with
their Ad-| dresses, by way of Answer thereto. Together | with the Debates and Proceedings of the Upper | and
Lower Houses of Assembly, in the Years \ 1725 and 1726, relating to the Government,] Constitution and Judica-
ture of that Province.]; (the several sections are headed as follows:) pp. 1-25: "In October Assembly, 1725"; pp.
26-30: "In March Assembly, 1725 [1725/26]"; pp. 31-33: "In July Assembly, 1726"; p. 33: tail-piece.

Leaf measures: 11^x7 inches. Type page, p. 2: 243 x 138 mm.

Contains I ower House proceedings on the subjects named of sessions of Oct. 1725, March 1725/26 and July
1726, and is a continuation of the "Debates and Proceedings" on the English statutes published with the "Char-
ter" in 1725. ks history is discussed in Chapter Six of the foregoing narrative. See Nos. 33 and 42.

MdHS.

41. [The Maryland Gazette. Sept. 12-Dec. 26, 1727, Nos. 1-16. Annapolis: Printed by

IT7M1* T* i i 919* r J

William Parks.]

No copies recorded. The first issue of this newspaper which has been located is that of Dec. 10, 1728, No. 65,
a date and number which would make the date of No. i, assuming that there had been no interruptions, Sept.
12, 1727. Brigham, American Newspapers, calls attention to a news item in the American Weekly Mercury (Phil-
adelphia) of Sept. 28, 1727, dated Annapolis, Sept. 16, 1727, and refers to occasional quotations from the Annap-
olis paper in 1727 and 1728. Mr. Brigham's note on Path's Mary land Gazette is an excellent summary of the his-
tory of this early newspaper, the seventh to attain regular publication in the colonies. The substance of it, with
some additional matter, appears in this bibliography under the above title for the years 1728-1734.

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, l68g-IJj6

1728

42. DULANY, DANIEL, M<? Elder. The | Right | of thf [sic] \ Inhabitants of Maryland,] to thf
[sic] | Benefit of the English Laws.) [Four lines of Cato, translated; type device.] Annapolis:
Printed by W. Parks. MDCCXXVIII.|

Sm. 410. [A]-I2, (B, repeated; C, omitted); 18 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-4, 1-31, [32]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-4: To all
true Patriots, and sincere | Lovers of Liberty.], signed, "D. Dulany"; head-piece; pp. 1-31, second series: text,
with head-piece and heading worded as in title, tail-piece.

Leaf measures: 8^ x 6^ inches. Type page, p. 3, second series: 162 x 1 17 mm.

Advertised as "lately published" in Maryland Gazette, Dec. 17, 1728. Price 2 s. Reprinted with a full discus-
sion in Sioussat, St. G. L., The English Statutes in Maryland, (J. H. U. Studies in Historical and Political Science,
Series XXI, Nos. 11-12, Balto. 1903). See also in same series and by the same author, Nos. 6-7, Economics and
Politics in Maryland, 1720-1750, and the Public Services of Daniel Dulany, the Elder.)

MdHS. (Calvert Papers, 294).

43. HOLDSWORTH, EDWARD. Muscipula,| sive I Kambpomyomaxia.l Authore E. Holds-
worth,] E Coll. Magd. Oxon.| [Space left between rules for quotation is blank, except for
words, "OMHPOY BATPAXOM", in Roman capitals in lower right hand corner.] An-
napoli:| Impensis R. L. Typis W. P. M.DCC.XXVIII.| [Second title:] The | Mouse-Trap,]
or the | Battle of the Cambrians | and Mice.] A Poem.] Translated into English,) By R.
Lewis.] [Four lines translated from Homer's "Battle of the Frogs and Mice", and four
lines from Roscommon, "Ess. Trans. Verse".] Annapolis:] Printed for the Author, by
W. Parks. M.DCC.XXVIII.|

Sm. 8vo. [a]2, b4, c2, [A]4, (B, omitted) C-G4, H2; 34 leaves; pages [i-iv], v-xvi, [i]~52; p. [i]: blank,-verso: first
title as above; p. [iii]: second title as above,-verso blank; pp. v-ix: "To His Excellency Benedict Leonard Cal-
vert, . . .", (poetical dedication, with head and tail pieces); pp. x-xiii: "The Preface", with head and tail pieces;
pp. xiv-xvi: "A List of the Subscribers Names", with head-piece; p. [i]: blank; p. 2: Muscipula,| sive | Kambpo-
myomaxia.l, as heading of Latin text, with head-piece; p. 3: The Mouse-Trap,! or the | Battle (a) of the Cam-
brians | and Mice. |, as heading of English text, with head-piece; pp. 2-41: text of poem in Latin and English,
Latin on verso, English on recto of pages throughout; pp. 40 and 41 : "Finis", and tail-piece, "The End", and
tail-piece, respectively; pp. 42-52: "Notes to the foregoing Piece", with head and tail pieces; running heads to
each section except "Notes."

Leaf measures, p. vii: 6| x 4^ inches. Type page, p. xi: 135 x 80 mm.

Reprinted by Bernard C. Steiner in Early Maryland Poetry, (Maryland Historical Society Fund Publica-
tions No. 36, Baltimore. 1900). For information concerning the poem and its translator and contemporary refer-
ences to this edition see Chapter Six of the foregoing narrative. Copy in MdHS. lacks both title-pages which have
been supplied by photostat from the copy in LC., which has pages 3-6 mutilated and supplied by photostat
copies of these pages in the MdHS. copy. Both title-pages of this choice volume are printed in red and black, the
only example known to the compiler of a rubricated title-page from a colonial Maryland press. See Plate IV for a
photographic reproduction of these title-pages.

LEWIS, RICHARD, translator, see above, No. 43.

44. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,] enacted | at a Session of Assembly,] be-
gun and held at the City of | Annapolis, on Thursday the Third | Day of October, in the
Four-] teenth Year of the Dominion of | the Right Hon. Charles,] Lord Baron of Balte-
more, Abso-| lute Lord and Proprietary of the | Provinces of Maryland and Ava-| Ion, &c.
Annoq; Domini 1728,] [ Baltimore arms] By Authority.] Annapolis:] Printed and Sold by
William Parks, MDCCXXVIII. Price Two Shil-| lings, to those who bought the whole Body
of Laws, and Two | Shillings Six Pence to others.]

Sm. fol. [A]1, B-G2, H1, H2; 16 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-28 [30], wrongly numbered 1-28; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-28 [30]:
text, with heading; p. 28 [30]: "Advertisement", (notice of acts repealed, list of useful blanks to be had of printer,
etc.)

Leaf measures: UTE x 7$ inches. Type page, p. 2: 262 x 137 mm.

[173]

*A History of Printing in £olonial<Maryland

A leaf with pagination 25 and 26, with signature H, was inserted between signatures G and H after the book
had been made up, or possibly after the sheets had been printed, for the page numbers were not changed to take
the insertion into account. The signatures and pagination of this portion run: G2, H1, HJ; pp. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 25, 26, 27, 28.

MdHS. MDioc. BBL. (imp.) LC. NYBA. HU. HLS. BM.

45. — To his Excellency Benedict Leonard Calvert,| Governour and Commander in Chief,
in and over the | the [sic] Province of Maryland,) The Humble Address | of the | Upper
House of Assembly.) . . . To which His Excellency was pleas'd to make the following
Answer.) . . . Benedict Leonard Calvert.) [Annapolis: Printed by William Parks. 1728.]

Single leaf, printed both sides; tail-piece.

Leaf measures: I2j x yf inches. Type page, p. [i], including heading: 246 x 140 mm.

Contains addresses of session of Oct. j-Nov. 2, 1728.

MDSL.

46. — Votes and Resolves,) of the | Lower House of Assembly, of the Province of | Mary-
land.) Maryland ss.| (Oct. 3-Nov. 2, 1728.) [Annapolis: Printed by William Parks. 1728.]

Fol. Issued separately in numbered parts, without signature; each part, except Nos. I and XIV, has at con-
clusion imprimatur as follows: "I Do (by order of the Lower House of Assembly, of the Province of Maryland)
appoint William Parks, to Print the Votes and Resolves of the said House. John Mackall, Speaker." No. I: pp.
1-4, with heading as above and session heading of five lines; No. II: pp. 1-7 ,-p. 8, blank; No. Ill: pp. 1-2; No. IV:
p. i,-p. 2, blank; No. V: pp. 1-2; No. VI: pp. 1-2; No. VII: pp. 1-2; No. VIII: pp. 1-2; No. IX: pp. 1-2; No. X:
pp. 1-4; No. XI: pp. 1-4; No. XII: pp. 1-2, No. XIII: pp. i-3,-p. 4 blank; No. XIV: pp. I-I2.

Leaf measures: 12^ x 7! inches. Type page, p. 2, No. I: 249 x 136 mm.

The imprimatur of No. II has "by Order of the House of Delegates" instead of "Lower House of Assembly"
as quoted above.

MDSL.

47. [Cut] The | Maryland Gazette | [Cut] (Jan. 2, 1727/28-Dec. 31, 1728; Nos. 17-68.)?
[Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Will. Parks. By whom Advertisements, and Subscrip-
tions | for this Paper, are taken in.)

ill x 7 inches. In remaining issues, two leaves to each number, two columns to a page.
MdHS. has Dec. lo-Dec. 31, 1728, Nos. 65-68, the only known copies for this year and the earliest recorded
copies of this newspaper. See Plate Va for title arrangement.

48. [WARNER, JOHN. An Almanack for the Year 1729. Calculated more exactly for these
Parts, than any has been publish'd yet. By John Warner, Philom. living near Pattow-
mack. Printed and Sold by William Parks, in Annapolis. [1728.] Price 6 Pence a Piece, or
^.. shillings per Dozen to those who buy them to sell again.]

No copy recorded. Advertised as "Lately Published" in Parks 's Maryland Gazette for Dec. 17, 1728.

1729

Sm. 410. [A]-E2, F1; ii leaves; pages [i-iv], [i]-i8; p. [i]: title; p. [iiij: dedication to the Reverend Mr. Cum-
mmgs, and five others of the Pennsylvania clergy; pp. [i]-i8 : text, with heading and tail-piece.

Leaf measures: 7! x 5& inches. Type page, p. 2: 150 x 117 mm.

The Rev. William Beckett, a "pious, faithful and orthodox Pastor" received the King's Bounty on March
25> I?21- (Fothergill). Coming to Pennsylvania, he was given charge of the Church of England congregation at

[174]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

Lewes, Delaware, about Sept. i, 1721, and in this place he remained until his death on Aug. 20, 1743. The facts
of his life and ministry in America are found in the following sources: his letters to the Venerable Society are
printed in Perry, Collections, vols. 2 (Pennsylvania) and 5 (Delaware); important letters and documents in
Turner, C. H. B., Some Records of Sussex County, Delaware. Phila. 1909; there are references to him in the Classi-
fied Digest of the Records of the S. P. G. Lond. 1 893; and there is an account of his ministry in Humphreys, David,
An Historical Account of the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Lond. 1730.
PP- I73-I79- Various writers on Pennsylvania and Delaware Church history have sketches of him drawn in the
main from the sources named. The sermon here described is entered in Hildeburn, No. 393.
NYHS. (in Hawks-Niblo Collection).

Leaf measures 17! x 5^ inches. Type page, p. 4: 157 x 118 mm.

The Rev. Archibald Cummings received the King's Bounty on Jan. 24, 1725/26, (Fothergill), and coming to
Pennsylvania served as rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia from 1726-1741, and for the greater part of this
time as the Bishop of London's Commissary in Pennsylvania. He was married on April 8, 1728 to Jane Elizabeth
Assheton, and died in 1741. Perry, Wm. S. History of the American Episcopal Church, i: 237-239, gives an ac-
count of this excellent incumbent of Christ Church; his letters to the Bishop of London and to the Venerable
Society are printed in Perry, Collections, v. 2 (Pennsylvania) and Bishop Perry says that an account of him is
to be found in Dorr's "History of Christ Church", and that his obituary is in "Coll. of the Pa. Hist. Soc'y.", I:
358. The sermon described above is entered in Hildeburn, No. 397.

NYHS. (in Hawks-Niblo Collection).

Sm. 8vo. A-C8, D3; 27 leaves; pages [i]-54; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-53: text, with head-piece and heading, "A just
Account of the Transactions of the Merchants, for the Advancement of the Tobacco-Trade, &c.", tail-piece; p.
53: conclusion of text, signed, "Henry Darnall"; p. 54: "Postscript", with head-piece, and at end: "To all the
Inhabitants in Maryland".

Leaf measures 16x3! inches. Type page, p. 4: 1 29 x 72 mm.

It was announced in the Maryland Gazette for Jan. 14, 1728/29 that this pamphlet would be published on the
following day. At this time, as at present, almost the only market for Maryland tobacco was in France, and as
the French government maintained a monopoly in the tobacco trade, its agent in England had no competition
in his dealings with the merchants who represented the Maryland planters. In his "Just and Impartial Account",
Mr. Darnall relates the failure of the attempt on the part of these merchants to fix and adhere to a price below
which none should sell to the French agent. The price was fixed easily enough, but the "combine" fell to pieces,
and once more and for many years afterwards the French agent bought Maryland tobacco at his own price. A
continuation of the discussion, including a defence of their action by the London merchants, is to be found in
several issues of the Maryland Gazette for 1728/29 and 1729, (copies in MdHS. only), in which Mr. Darnall, Mr.
Nicholas Ridgely, an anonymous "P. P." and others took an active part. This pamphlet together with the Pro-
posals for a Tobacco-Law of 1726 and A Letter from a Freeholder of 1727 form valuable sources for the history of
the Maryland tobacco trade. The Virginia planters too, had their troubles; see Clayton-Torrence, Nos. 109,
1096, 120, 122 and 123.

JCB. MdHS. (photostat copy).

52. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,] enacted | at a Session of Assembly,
begun | and held at the City of Annapo-] lis, on Thursday the Tenth Day of | July, in the

[175]

*A History of Printing in Colonial <Mary land

Sm. fol. [A]1, B-K2, L1; 20 leaves; pages [i-ii], i-fjS]; p. p]: title; pp. l-tjS]: text, with session heading and tail-
piece; page [38]: "Advertisement".

Leaf measures: njxyj inches. Type page, p. 2: 252 x 137 mm.

Advertised as "lately published" in the Maryland Gazette for Oct. 21-28, 1729.

MdHS. MDioc. (lacks t. p.) Pleasants (lacks t. p.) BBL. MDSL. LC. NYBA. HU. HLS. BM.

53. — To His Excellency | Benedict Leonard Calvert, Go-| vernor and Commander in
Chief, in and over | the Province of Maryland,! The | Humble Address | of the | Upper
House of Assembly. | [Address delivered July n, 1729 on general matters, Court of Chan-
cery, Act against Engrossing and Regrating, etc., and his Excellency's answer.] [Type de-
vice]. [Annapolis: Printed by William Parks. 1729.]

Single leaf, printed both sides, ornamental initial.

Leaf measures: nif xyf inches. Type page, p. [i], including heading and rules: 260 x 133 mm.

NYPL.

54. — Votes and Resolves,] of the | Lower House of Assembly of the Province of | Mary-
land.] (July lo-Aug. 8, 1729.) [Annapolis: Printed by William Parks. 1729.]

Sm. fol. No signatures. Issued in numbered parts, each part with separate pagination, and each with imprima-
tur at end, as in V. & P. of Oct. 1728; No. I: pp. 1-4, with heading as above and session heading of nine lines;
No. II: pp. i-3,-p. [4]: blank; No. Ill: pp. 1-4; No. IV: pp. 1-4; No. V: pp. 1-4; No. VI: pp. 1-4; No. VII: pp. 1-4;
No. VIII: pp. 1-4; No. IX: pp. 1-6; No. X: pp. 1-4; No. XI: pp. i-5,-p. [6]: blank; No. XII: pp. 1-6; No. XIII:
pp. 1-2; No. XIV: lacking in NYPL. copy, but present in BM. copy.

Leaf measures: 115x7? inches. Type page, p. 2, No. I: 270 x 135 mm.

Each group of numbers as indicated above has a separate heading, and was published at its appropriate time
in the course of the session. Also bound together and sold complete at close of session. See Maryland Gazette,
July 8-15, 1729.

NYPL. BM.

55. [Cut] The | Maryland Gazette | [Cut] (Jan. 7, 1728/29-Dec. 30, 1729, Nos. 69-120.)
[Colophon, Nos. 69-93 as m I728; beginning with No. 94, as follows:] Annapolis: Printed
by William Parks; By whom Subscriptions are taken for this Paper, at Fifteen Shil-| lings
? Year; and Advertisements to be inserted in it, at Three Shillings for the first Week, and
Two Shillings for | every Week after. N. B. Old Books are well bound by him.)

I if x 7 inche?, two leaves each number except Nos. 69-71 which have one leaf each; two columns to a page.

MdHS. has Nos. 69-74, last leaf probably of 75, 77-86 (No. 80, wrongly numbered 79, which is used twice),
89, 91, last leaf of 92, 93-97. No. 97 probably had a supplement devoted to the conclusion of "A Modest Enquiry
into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper-Currency", for end of second leaf stops in middle of a sentence in this
article and has catch-word "who". NYPL. has Oct. 21-28, No. 1 1 1. See Plate Va for title arrangement.

56. [A Primer, containing a most Easy Way to attain to the True Reading of English. In-
structing children in the Grounds of the Christian Religion. In a Catechism compiled by
the Assembly of Divines. With Proper Lessons, Prayers and Graces. Annapolis: Printed
by William Parks. 1729.]?

No copy recorded of what seems to have been a Presbyterian catechism. Advertised as "just publish'd" in
Maryland Gazette, for July i, 1729. See note to No. 59. "Primers" were advertised among Parks's importations
in the Maryland Gazette for Oct. 20, 1730.

[176]

tJWa ryla nd Imprints of the Colonial Period,

57. [The Primer or Catechism, set forth agreeable to the Book of Common-Prayer: Author-
ized by the King, to be used throughout his Dominions. Containing Godly Prayers and
Graces. Annapolis: Printed by William Parks. 1729.]?

No copy recorded. Advertised as "just publish'd" in Maryland Gazette, July I, 1729. See notes to Nos. 56
and 59.

58. [WARNER, JOHN. The Virginia and Maryland Almanack. Shewing the Times of Sun-
Rising and Setting, Length of Days, New and Full Moon, Eclipses, Fixt and Moveable
Feasts, Seven Stars Rising and Setting, Weather, Days of the several Courts, &c. For the
Year of our Lord Christ, 1730. By J. Warner, Philomath. Annapolis: Printed by William
Parks. 1729. Price 6 d. or 4 s. per Dozen.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Parks 's Maryland Gazette for Oct. 21-28, 1729, as "Just Published."

59. [The Weeks Preparation, towards a worthy receiving of the Lord's Supper, after the
warning of the Church for the celebration of the Holy Communion. . . . (Also) The
Church of England-Man's Private Devotions . . . (Also another book, entitled) an Ex-
planation of the Feasts and Fasts as they are observed in the Church of England, . . .
Printed on a good letter and Paper; and all Three bound up together, and Sold by W.
Parks, Printer, in Annapolis, Price 2 s. 6 d. And considerable allowance to those that buy
a Quantity.]?

Advertised in Maryland Gazette, May 6, 1729, as "This week will be published"; and afterwards as "Lately
published", but the advertisement does not state specifically that Parks had reprinted these old favorites. It is
probable that he imported them in sheets and bound them for local sale; indeed "The Weeks Preparation" and
"Primers," see Nos. 56 and 57, are advertised in the Maryland Gazette for Oct. 20, 1730, as among his late im-
portations.

1730

60. C., E., GENT. (CooKE, EBENEZER)? Sotweed Redivivus:| Or the Planters | Looking-
Glass.j In Burlesque Verse.) Calculated for the Meridian of | Maryland.] By E. C. Gent.|
[One line from Juvenal.] Annapolis:] Printed by William Parks, for the Author.) M,DCC,

XXX.)

Sm. 4to. A-I2; 18 leaves; pages [i]-viii, [i]-28; p. [ij: title; p. [iii]: "The Preface to the Reader", with head-
piece, and at end, "Vale."; pp. [iv]-viii: "To the Generous Subscribers, &c.", with head and tail pieces and run-
ning head; pp. [i]-28: text, with head-piece and heading, "The Looking-Glass", in three cantos, tail-piece; p. 28:
"Finis".

Leaf measures: 8x 6J inches. Type page, p. 2, height: 145 mm.

Reprinted in Early Maryland Poetry, (Maryland Historical Society Fund Publication, No. 36, Baltimore.
1900) ed. by Bernard C. Steiner, with notes and photographic reproduction of the title-page.

JCB. NYPL.

61. HENDERSON, Jacob. The | Case | of the | Clergy of Maryland.) [Annapolis: Printed by
William Parks. 1730]?

4to. A, 4 leaves; pages 1-8; pp. 1-6: text of "Case"; pp. 6-8: "To the King's Most Excellent Majesty, The
Petition of Jacob Henderson, Clerk, Rector of Queen Anne's Parish, in Prince George's County, in Maryland,
in behalf of the Clergy of the said Province"; p. 8: "Finis".

Leaf measures: 9r5 x 75 inches. Type page, p. 2: 191 x 119 mm.

"The Case of the Clergy of Maryland", was a protest against the "Act for Improving the Staple of Tobacco",
(Act of Oct. 3, 1728, Archives of Maryland, 36: 275), by the terms of which a fourth of the 'V^per poll" was taken
away from the clergy. The Rev. Jacob Henderson was sent to England to present the "Case" to Lord Baltimore
and the King, and while there he drew up the "Petition" attached to the printed case as noted above, or at least
one assumes this to be so from the following assertion in a letter from him to the S. P. G. dated London, Sept.
18, 1729: "The case at large I have by the advice of our Rt Rev'd Diocesan drawn up in a petition to his most

[177]

*A History of Printing in Colonial <3<Cary land

Excellent Majesty, of which I am very desirous to have the Venerable Society's approbation . . ." (Perry, Col-
lections, v. 4). Whether he had the "Case" and the petition printed in England, or whether he had it printed in
Annapolis on his return to Maryland in 1730 is not clear, but the general appearance of the pamphlet and the
probabilities point to the Parks establishment as its place of origin. The political situation which brought it forth
may be studied in Perry, Collections, v. 4, and in Hawks, Francis L. Contributions to the Ecclesiastical History of
the United States of America, v. 2, (Maryland).

Another important source in the study of this controversy is:

A part of this pamphlet, the Dr. Wildfire vs. Th. Extinguisher letters, first appeared in the American Weekly
Mercury (Phila.) for April 6 and 13, 1732. Additional material is to be found in this paper and in the Pennsyl-
vania Gazette during the spring of 1731/32. An important source also of original documents concerning the "case"
is Calvert Papers, No. 295$, Ms. in Maryland Historical Society. For an account of "Mr. Commissary Hender-
son", see article by Allen, Ethan, D. D. in Sprague, Annals (Epis.) pp. 34-38. Jacob Henderson died Aug. 21,
1751, leaving his property, or a large part of it to the S. P. G. (Maryland Gazette, Aug. 27, 1751.) The Classified
Digest of the Records of the S. P. G. Lond. 1893, p. 851, says that the amount of the legacy was £1,000.

A generation later the controversy over the "Two-penny Act" provided in Virginia a condition of affairs
analogous to that which arose in Maryland at this time as the result of the "Tobacco Act" of 1728. See tne Rev.
John Camm's pamphlet, No. 243 of this bibliography.

JCB.

62. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,) enacted | at a Session of Assembly,)
begun and held at the City | of Annapolis, on Thursday, the | Twenty First day of May,
in | the Sixteenth Year of the Do-| minion of the Right Honourable | Charles, Lord Baron
of Bal-| temore, Absolute Lord and Pro-) prietary of the Provinces of Ma-| ryland and
Avalon, &c. Annoq;) Domini 1730.) [Baltimore arms] By Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed
and Sold by William Parks. M,DCC,XXX. Price | Two Shillings, to those who bought the
whole Body of Laws, and | Two Shillings Six Pence to others. |

Sm. fol. [A]1, B2, B-L2, M1, (Sign. B repeated); 24 leaves; pages [i-ii], i-U-6]; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-45: text, with
heading; p. [46]: titles of private laws, etc.

Leaf measures: 11 & x j\ inches. Type page, p. 2: 252 x 137 mm.

Advertised as "lately published" in Maryland Gazette for Oct. 20, 1730.

MdHS. MDioc (imp.) BBL. (imp.) MDSL. LC. NYBA. NYSL. HU. HLS. BM.

63- —[The New Tobacco Law, Made this Present Session of Assembly. Printed and sold
by William Parks in Annapolis. 1730.]

No copy recorded. Evans, No. 3299, gives title and imprint as above, exactly as the work was advertised in
the Maryland Gazette for June 16, 1730. The actual title of the act is long and begins: "An Act for Improving the
Staple of Tobacco . . .", (Archives of Maryland, 37: 138-151). It is probable that Parks published it under its
formal title and not as given in the entry above.

64- — The | Speech | of his Excellency | Benedict Leonard Calvert,) Governour and Com-
mander in Chief, in and | over the Province of Maryland, to | both Houses of Assembly: at
a Session of | Assembly, begun and held at the City | of Annapolis, on Thursday the
Twenty | First Day of May, in the Sixteenth Year of [ the Dominion of the Right Hon.
Charles,) Lord Baron of Baltemore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the Provinces of
Maryland and | Avalon &c. Annoq; Domini 1730.) [Baltimore arms] By Authority.) An-
napolis: Printed by William Parks, M.DCC.XXX.)

Fol. 4 leaves, without signature; pages unnumbered; p. [i]: title; pp. [3-4]: "The Speech of His Excellency",
etc., with head and tail pieces; pp. [5-6]: address of the Lower House to the Governor; pp. [7-8]: address of the
Upper House to the Governor.

Leaf measures: 12! x 7! inches. Type page, p. 3, including head-piece: 243 x 132 mm.
MDSL.

^Caryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

65. — To His Excellency | Benedict Leonard Calvert, Go-| vernour and Commander in
Chief in and over | the Province of Maryland,! The j Humble Address | of the | Upper
House of Assembly.) [Address delivered May 22, 1730 on "settling a Correspondency with
the Government of Virginia" in the matter of tobacco legislation. The need of a new
tobacco law, etc. His Excellency's Answer.] [Annapolis: Printed by William Parks. 1730.]

Single leaf, printed both sides, ornamental initial.

Leaf measures: 1 1 Jf x yf inches. Type page, p. [i], including heading and rules: 251 x 134 mm.

NYPL.

66. — To the Honourable | Benedict Leonard Calvert, Esq;| Governour of Maryland,! the |
Humble Address | of | the House of Delegates.) [Address in regard to concerting an agree-
ment with Virginia in relation to the common staple, tobacco.] Sign'd per Order of the
House,) John Mackall, Speaker.) May 22, 1730.) [With the Governor's reply.] [Annapolis:
Printed by William Parks. 1730.]

Single leaf, printed both sides, ornamental initial.

Leaf measures =300 x 195 mm. Type page: 256 x 134 mm.

NYPL.

67. — Votes and Resolves,) of the | Lower House of Assembly of the Province of | Mary-
land.) (May 21, prorogued from Aug. 8,-June 16, 1730) [Annapolis: Printed by William
Parks. 1730.1

Sm. fol. Issued separately in numbered parts, without signature; each number, except IX, has the following
imprimatur at end: "By Order of the Lower House of Assembly, I do authorize and appoint William Parks to
print the Votes and Proceedings of the said House, John Mackall, Speaker."; No. I: pp. 1-7, with heading as
above and session heading of ten lines,-p. [8] blank; No. II: pp. 1-2; No. Ill: pp. 1-8; No. IV: pp. 1-4; No. V:
pp. 1-4; No. VI: pp. 1-4; No. VII: pp. i-UJj-p. [4], wrongly numbered "8"; No. VIII: pp. 1-4; No. IX: pp. 1-8;
No. X: pp. 1-4.

Leaf measures: nH x yj inches. Type page, p. 2, No. I: 257 x 135 mm.

MDSL. MdHS. (Nos. I-VII only). NYPL.

68. [Cut] The | Maryland Gazette | [Cut] [Colophon as in issue No. 94 under year 1729.]

u f x 7 inches; two leaves each recorded issue except issue No. 144, which has one leaf; two columns to a
page.

NYPL. has issues as follows: Nos. 129 (Feb. 24-Mch.3, 1729/30), 131 (Mch. lo-Mch. 17, 1729/30), 133 (Mch.
24-Mch. 31, 1730), 141 (May ig-May 26, 1730), 143 (June 2-June 9, 1730), 144 (June g-June 16, 1730), 162 (Oct.
13-Oct. 20, 1730), 168 (Nov. 24-Dec. i, 1730), 170 (Dec. 8-Dec. 15, 1730), 171 (Dec. if-Dec. 22, 1730), the only
copies of this year located.

See Plate Va for title arrangement.

69. [WARNER, JOHN. The Virginia and Maryland Almanack. Shewing the Time of Sun-
Rising and Setting, Length of Days, New and Full Moon, Eclipses, Fixt and movable
Feasts, Seven Stars Rising and Setting, Weather, Days of the several Courts, &c. For the
Year of our Lord Christ, 1731. By J. Warner, Philomath. Annapolis: Printed by William
Parks. 1730. Price 6 d. or 4 s. per Dozen.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Parks's Maryland Gazette for Oct. 13-20, 1730, as "Just Published."

173 1

70. COOKE, EBENEZER. The | Maryland Muse.) Containing | I. The History of Colonel
Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion | in Virginia. Done into Hudibrastick Verse, from | an old
Ms.) II. The Sotweed Factor, or Voiage to Maryland.) The Third Edition, Corrected and

[179]

<iA History of Printing in £o/onia!<JfrCary/a nd

Amended.) By E. Cooke, Gent.| Let Criticks that shall discommend it,| . . . mend it.|
[Type device] Annapolis:) Printed in the Year M,DCC,XXXI.|

Fol. [A]1, B-G2, [H]1; 14 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-25, [26]; p. [ij: title, as above.-verso: "To the Author" (twenty-
four lines of verse, three stanzas of 6, 8 and 10 lines respectively, see note below); pp. 1-16: text of "Bacon's Re-
bellion", with head-piece and running heads; pp. 17-25: text of "The Sotweed Factor", with head and tail pieces,
running heads; p. 25, beneath type device: "N. B. The Author of these Poems intending to publish his Works
annually, under the same Title, hopes The Second Part (when ready for the Press) will meet with the like En-
couragement from his Friends and Benefactors."; type device at end same as on title page; text of poems in
double column throughout.

Leaf measures: 12^ x 7! inches. Type page, p. 9: 260 x 169 mm.

No record remains of any copies of a first or second edition of The Maryland Muse, nor of any edition of "the
second part" proposed by the author in his note on p. 25. "The Sotweed Factor" had been published first in Lon-
don in 1708, but not in combination with "The History of . . . Bacon's Rebellion." Mr. Wilberforce Eames thinks
that the words "Third Edition" as used on the title-page refer only to the poem "The Sotweed Factor." If this be
true, there is no need to look further for earlier editions of the collection, The Maryland Muse, but only tor a
second edition of "The Sotweed Factor," published sometime between 1708 and 1731.

The twenty-four lines of verse on the verso of the title-page, initialed "H. J.", begin: Old Poet,| As you may
remember,| You told me sometime in September | Your pleasant Muse was idly sitting,], and continue with the
information that "H. J." was sending to Cooke "an old, authentick Book", never before printed, for him to put
into "Doggrel Verse". This, as appears later, was the "old Ms." of Bacon's Rebellion referred to in the title.
Who was its author, and who was "H. J." who wrote this pleasant address, adjuring our poet to "Cook this
Bacon"? For a description of "The Sotweed Factor", see foregoing narrative, Chapter Six. The London edition
was reprinted in Shea's Early Southern Tracts, No. II, 1866, with introduction by Brantz Mayer, and in Early
Maryland Poetry, (Maryland Historical Society Fund Publications No. 36, Baltimore. 190x3), edited by Bernard
C. Steiner, with notes and photographic reproduction of the title-page.

See Plate V for a photographic reproduction of the title-page of The Maryland Muse.

BM. (press mark, 11686. 1).

71. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,) enacted | at a Session of Assembly,)
begun and held at the City of | Annapolis, on Tuesday the Thir-| teenth Day of July, in
the Se-| venteenth Year of the Dorni-) nion of the Right Honourable | Charles, Lord Baron
of | Baltemore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the Provinces | of Maryland and Avalon,
&c.| Annoq; Domini 1731.) [Baltimore arms] By Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed and Sold
by William Parks, M,DCC,XXXI. Price | Two Shillings, to those who bought the whole Body
of Laws, and | Two Shillings and Six Pence to others.)

Sm. fol. [A]-B2; 4 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-6; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-6: text, with session heading.
Leaf measures: II ^ x 7} inches. Type page, p. 2: 249 x 137 mm.

The dates of this session were July 13-29, 1731. The printing of the V. & P. was not provided for by the cus-
tomary resolution.

MdHS. MDioc. BBL. (dup.) MDSL. Pleasants. LC. NYBA. NYSL. HU. HLS. BM.

M,DCC,XXXI.|

Sm. fol. [A]-I2, (omitting B and C); 14 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-27, [28]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-27: text, with session
heading; p. 25 is wrongly numbered 21, which is repeated.

Leaf measures: iij x 7J inches. Type page, p. 5: 252 x 136 mm.

MdHS. MDioc. BBL. (dup.) Pleasants. MDSL. LC. NYBA. HU. HLS. BM.

[180]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, l68g-IJj6

73. —Votes and Proceedings,! of the | Lower House of Assembly, of the Province of j
Maryland. | (Aug. 19, prorogued from July 29,-Sept. 6, 1731) [Annapolis: Printed by Wil-
liam Parks. 1731.]

Fol. No signatures, 16 leaves; pp. 1-32: text, with heading as above and session heading of eight lines; tail-
piece. Numbered I- VIII, but is a compilation, not a collection of the separately issued parts.
Leaf measures: 12} x yf inches. Type page, p. 2: 288 x 147 mm.
MDSL. NYPL. (imp.)

74. [The Maryland Gazette (1730/31-1731)].

No issues of the Maryland Gazette remain for the year 1731, but from the sense of the following extracts from
the Vestry Proceedings of St. Anne's Parish, Anne Arundel County, noted in Brigham, American Newspapers,
it is clear that it was continued at least throughout March 1730/31:

"Tuesday March 9th, 1730. . . . Ordered that advertizement be Inserted and Continued in the Maryland
Gazette relating to the parishioners Registring the births, Burialls & Marriages, &c: and that such advertize-
ment be also sat up at the Mills Gate house, Court house and publick houses within this parish and that the
printing such advertizements be paid for by this Vestry."

Again on Jan. 4, 1731/32:

"Mr. Parks produces to this Vestry the following account and prays allowance for the same (Viz)
1730 i [i. e. 1730/31] March. To an advertizement in the Gazette thrice o. . 7. .

April 3d To Printing separate Advertizements about Registering o.. 4..

Errors Excepted per Wm. Parks o. . u . .

Which Acct being read is allowed off and ordered that the Regr draw an order for the same on Mr. John
Beale payable to the said Parks." (Maryland Historical Magazine, 8: 158, 163).

The three issues here referred to would have been those of Mch. 16 and 23, 1730/31 and Mch. 30, 1731. It
is generally believed that soon after this date Parks became so busily engaged with his Williamsburg press that
he allowed his Maryland newspaper to lapse. He asserted in the (Phila.) American Weekly Mercury of July 15,
1731, that he was at this time residing in the Virginia capital. It is possible that the "Gazette" lapsed soon after
the issue of Mch. 30, 1731, and was resumed only with a changed title in Dec. 1732. (See under that year.)

1732

75. [GREW, THEOPHILUS. The Maryland Almanack, for the Year of our Lord God, 1733.
Being the First after Bessextile [sic]. Wherein is contained, the Lunations, Conjunctions,
Eclipses; the Increase, Decrease, and Length of the Days and Nights, with the Rising,
Southing, Setting, and Places of the Heavenly Bodies throughout the Year; the true Sys-
tem of the visible World explain'd; and many other Things both pleasant, useful, and
necessary. Calculated according to Art, and referred to the Horizon of 39 Degrees North
Latitude, and 75 Degrees West Longitude from the famous City of London, fitting the
Province of Maryland, and without sensible Error, Virginia, New-Jersey, PensyJvania
[sic], and New- York. By Theophilus Grew, Student in the Mathematicks. Printed and
Sold by William Parks, and Edmund Hall, at their Printing Office in Maryland. 1732.]

No copy recorded. Advertised as "Just Publish'd" in Park's Maryland Gazette for Jan. 26-Feb. 2, 1732/3.

Leaf measures: 14! x 95 inches. Type page, p. [i], including heading: 262 x 168 mm.

Poetic address to Charles, Lord Baltimore, on the occasion of his visit to the Province to assume its govern-
ment in person. Reprinted in American Museum for 1789, 6: 413, under title of "A Description of Maryland."
See also note to No. 77.

MdHS.

[181]

*A History of Printing in £olonial<3xCaryland

77. [LEWIS, RICHARD.]? March 1, 1731-2 | A | Rhapsody.] [Four lines quoted, "Tacitus, vel
ut aliis placet Quintil. in Dialogo de Oratoribus."] [Annapolis: Printed by William Parks.

Fol. i leaf, printed both sides, with head-piece, tail-piece and heading as above.

Leaf measures: 14! x 9$ inches. Type page, p. [i], including head-piece: 277 x 170 mm.

Reflective poem, probably by Richard Lewis, see under 1728. The name of Parks does not appear either on
this sheet or in Lewis's Carmen Seculare of this year, but circumstantial and typographical evidence render rea-
sonably certain the attribution to Parks. A Rhapsody was reprinted in Parks s Maryland Gazette for Feb. 9, 17327
33. See foregoing narrative, Chapter Six, for a brief account of Richard Lewis.

MdHS.

78. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,] enacted | at a Session of Assembly,]
begun and held at the City of | Annapolis, on Tuesday, the Ele-|venth Day of July, in the |
Eighteenth Year of the Domi-| nion of the Right Honourable] Charles, Lord Baron of |
Baltemore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the Provinces | of Maryland and Avalon,
&c.| Annoq; Domini 1732.] [Baltimore arms] By Authority.] Annapolis:] Printed and Sold
by William Parks, and Edmund Hall, M,DCC,XXXII.| Price Two Shillings to those who
bought the whole Body of Laws,] and Two Shillings and Six Pence to others.]

Sm. fol. [A]-M2; 24 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-43, [44], should be, I-U6], pp. 37 and 38 repeated; p. [i]: title; pp.
1-43 [45]: text, with session heading.

Leaf measures: 11^x7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 243 x 137 mm.
MdHS. BBL. MDSL. LC. BM.

79. — The | Speech | of His Excellency | Samuel Ogle,] Governor and Commander in Chief,
in and | over the Province of Maryland, to | both Houses of Assembly: at a Session,] begun
and held at the City of Annapolis,] ou[j;V] Tuesday, the Eleventh Day of July, in | the Eight-
eenth Year of the Dominion of | the Right Honourable Charles, Lord | Baron of Balte-
more, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland | and Avalon, &c.
Annoq; Dom' 1732.] [Baltimore arms] By Authority.] Annapolis:] Printed by William
Parks and Edmund Hall. M,DCC,XXXII.|

Fol. No signatures or pagination; 4 leaves; p. [i]: title; pp. [3-4]: head-piece and heading, "The Speech of
His Excellency", etc; pp. [5-6]: address of Upper House; pp. [7-8]: address of Lower House.

Leaf measures: I2i x 7§ inches. Type page, p. A 2 recto, including head-piece: 246 x 136 mm.
MDioc.

80. — Votes and Proceedings,] of the ] Lower House of Assembly of the Province of | Mary-
land.] (July ii-Aug. 8, 1732). [Annapolis: Printed by William Parks and Edmund Hall.
1732.]

Fol. No signatures; pages 1-57, [58]: text, with heading as above and session heading of seven lines; Nos. I
and 2: pp. 1-4; Nos. 3 and [4]: pp. 5-8; Nos. 5, 6 and 7: pp. 9-12, (p. 9, misprinted 5); Nos. 8 and 9: pp. 13-16;
Nos. 10 and u: pp. 17-20; Nos. 12 and 13: pp. 21-24; No. 14: pp. 25 and 26; No. 15: pp. 27-30; Nos. 16 and 17:
PP- 3I-345 No. 18: pp. 35-38; Nos. 19 and 20: pp. 39-42; Nos. 21, 22, 23, 24 and [25]: pp. 43-57.

Leaf measures: 12$ x 7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 265 x 137 mm,

MDioc. MDSL.

81. [The Maryland Gazette Reviv'd. Dec. 5-Dec. 26, 1732, Nos. 1-4. Annapolis: Printed
by William Parks and Edmund Hall.]

No issues of this year have been located, but the issue of Feb. 2, 1732/33, has title and imprint as above and
is No. 9. It is probable that with Edmund Hall as a partner, Parks found himself able to resume his Maryland
newspaper. Sometime between Apr. 20 and Dec. 28, 1733, Nos. 19 and 51, Parks again became sole publisher.
See under 1733.

[182]

rints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

82. [GREW, THEOPHILUS. Crew's Almanack; for the Year of our Lord God, 1734. Being the
Second after Bissextile. Wherein is contained, the Lunations, Conjunctions, Eclipses; the
Increase, Decrease, and Length of the Days and Nights, with the Rising, Southing, Setting
and Places of the Heavenly Bodies, throughout the Year; the true Reasons of Eclipses,
and the Increase and Decrease of the Moon, explained and demonstrated, with many
other Things pleasant, useful and necessary. Calculated according to Art, and referred to
the Horizon of 39 Degrees North Latitude and 75 Degrees West Longitude from the fam-
ous City of London, fitting the Province of Maryland, and without Sensible Error, Vir-
ginia, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New- York. By Theophilus Grew, Student in the
Mathematicks.

God gave to Man an upright Heart, that He
Might view the Stars and learn Astronomy.
Printed and Sold by William Parks, at his Prin ting-Office, in Maryland. 1733.]

No copy recorded. Advertised as "Lately Published" in Parks 's Maryland Gazette for Dec. 28, 1733.

83. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,] enacted | at a Session of Assembly,
begun and held | at the City of Annapolis, on Tuesday | the Thirteenth Day of March, in
the | Eighteenth Year of the Dominion of | the Right Honourable Charles,) Lord Baron of
Baltimore, Absolute | Lord and Proprietary of the Proving ces of Maryland and Avalon,
&c. An-| noque Domini, 1732.) [Baltimore arms] By Authority.] Annapolis:) Printed and
Sold by William Parrs, [sic] M,DCC,XXXIII.| [Price Two Shillings to those who bought the
whole Body of | Laws, and Two Shillings Six Pence to others.] |

Sm. fol. [A]-L2; 22 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-44; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-44: text, with session heading; p. 44: contents,
tail-piece.

Leaf measures: n| x 7! inches. Type page, p. 6: 255 x 137 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. BBL. (imp.) MDSL. LC. HLS. BM.

84. — Votes and Proceedings,) of the | Lower House of Assembly, of the Province | of Mary-
land. | (March 13, 1732/33-April 12, 1733) [Annapolis: Printed by William Parks. 1733.]

Sm. fol. A-I2; 18 leaves; pages 1-36: text with heading as above, session heading of seven lines and tail-piece
of three separate ornaments.

Leaf measures: nj x 6J inches. Type page, p. 2: 253 x 13$ mm.
NYPL.

85. [Cut] The | Maryland Gazette | Reviv'd.| [Cut] [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by W.
Parks, and E. Hall: By whom Subscriptions | are taken for this Paper, at 15 s. a Year; and
Advertisements at 3 s. the first Week,] and 2 s. every Week after.)

NYPL. has Nos. 9 (Jan. 26-Feb. 2, 1732/33), 10 (Feb. 2-Feb. 9, 1732/33), and 15 (Mch. 9-Mch. 16, 1732
[sic].) Soon after No. 15, the former style of the title was resumed as follows:

[Cut] The | Maryland Gazette | [Cut]. [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by W. Parks, and
E. Hall. |

NYPL. has Nos. 19 (Apr. 6-13, 1733) and 51 (Dec. 21-28, 1733).

In No. 51, the colophon reads as follows: Annapolis: Printed by William Parks: By whom Subscriptions are
taken in for this Paper, at | Fifteen Shillings a Year; and Advertisements to be inserted in it, at Three Shillings
for the first Week, and | Two Shillings for every Week after. N. B. Old Books are well bound by him.|

See Plate Va for title arrangement. When the word "Reviv'd" was added to the title, it was placed in the
space immediately beneath the words "Maryland Gazette" in this reproduction.

[183]

<iA History of Printing in

'734

86. [GREW, THEOPHILUS. Crew's Almanack, for the Year of our Lord God, 1735. Being the
third after Bissextile. Wherein are contained, The Lunations, Conjunctions, Eclipses; The
Increase, Decrease, and Length of the Days and Nights, the Rising, Southing, and Setting
of the Heavenly Bodies; with many other Things, both pleasant, useful and necessary.
Calculated according to Art. And referred to the Horizon of 39 Degrees North Latitude,
and 75 Degrees, West Longitude, from the famous City of London, fitting Virginia, Mary-
land, Pennsylvania, New-Jersey, and New- York. By Theophilus Grew, Student in the
Mathematicks. Printed and Sold by William Parks, at his Printing-Offices in Virginia and
Maryland. 1734.]

No copy recorded. Advertised as "Just Published" in Parks's Maryland Gazette for Nov. 22, i?34-

MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. (There were no acts passed at the convention of Assembly
of March 19, 1733/34-March 25, 1734, nor was the printing of the V. & P. provided for by
the customary resolution.)

87. [Cut] The | Maryland Gazette | [Cut]. [Colophon as in issue No. 51 under year 1733.]
NYPL. has Nos. 54 (Jan. 11-18, 1734), 64 (May 17-24, 1734), 71 (July 11-19, 1734)} 73 (July 26-Aug. 2,

1734), 74 (Aug. 2-9, 1734), 81 (Sept. 20-27, 1734)» 86 (Oct. 25-Nov. i, 1734), 89 (Nov. 15-22, 1734), 90 (Nov. 22-
29, I734)> t^e only known copies of this year's issues. Evidently this newspaper ceased publication soon after
this, for there are no traces of it in the year 1735 or later.
See Plate Va for title arrangement.

1735

88. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,) enacted | at a Session of Assembly, be-
gun and held | at the City of Annapolis, on Thursday,! the Twentieth Day of March, in
the | Twentieth Year of the Dominion of the | Right Honourable Charles, Lord | Baron of
Baltimore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the Provinces of Mary-| land and Avalon,
&c. Annoq; Domini 1734.) [Baltimore arms] By Authority.) Annapolis:] Printed and Sold
by William Parks. M,DCC,XXXIV. [sic] \ (Price Two Shillings to those who bought the whole
Body of | Laws, and Two Shillings and Six Pence to others.) |

La. 4to. I preliminary leaf, A-F2, G1; 14 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-[28]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-27: text, with session
heading; p. [28]: contents.

Leaf measures: 12^ x 8$ inches. Type page, p. 4: 256 x 139 mm.

The date of publication was printed as given above, but obviously should have been 1735.

MdHS. MDioc. BBL. (imp.) MDSL. LC. HLS. BM.

89- — Votes ana Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly, of the Province | of Mary-
land.) (March 20, i734/35-April 24, 1735) [Annapolis: Printed by William Parks. 1735.]

Sm. fol. A-I2; 18 leaves; pp. 1-36: text, with heading as above, session heading of seven lines and tail-piece.

Leaf measures: 11^x7 inches. Type page, p. 2: 247 x 136 mm.

This is a compiled edition, not a collection of the parts issued separately throughout the session.

MDSL.

1736

90. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,) enacted | at a Session of Assembly, be-
gun | and held at the City of Annapo-) lis, on Friday, the Nineteenth Day j of March, in
the Twenty First Year of | the Dominion of the Right Honourable | Charles, Lord Baron
of Baltimore,) Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the | Provinces of Maryland and Avalon,

[184]

<Mary land Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

&c.| Annoque Domini 1735.! [Baltimore arms] By Authority.! Printed by William Parks,
and Sold at his Printing-| Office in Annapolis. M,DCC,XXXVI.|

Fol. [A]1, B-G2, H1; 14 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-26; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-25: text, without heading; p. 25: titles of
three private laws; pp. 25-26: contents, tail-piece.

Leaf measures: I2| x 85 inches. Type page, p. 2: 253 x 144 mm.

The dates of this session were March 19, 1735/36-April 10, 1736. Although the printing of the V. & P. was
ordered, no copy for this Session has been recorded.

In Archives oj Maryland, v. 40, is to be read the story of Parks's neglect to print on time the laws passed in
the Session of April 2o-May 6, 1736, and in the Acts for the Session of April 26-May 28, 1737 appears the Act
by which it was attempted to render negligence on the part of the printer less likely to occur in the future. It
appears from the proceedings of the Lower House, May 27, 1737, that although too late to avoid criticism, Parks
had finally printed the laws of the previous session. Copies of this set of session laws (April 2o-May 6, 1736) have
often been regarded as non-existent, but the truth is that they were published with a misleading title-page; that
is, although no laws received the governor's signature at the first convention of this Assembly (Mch. 19, 1735
/36-April 10, 1736), those which passed the houses at this convention were signed at the close of the session of
April 2o-May 6, 1736 and together with the laws properly belonging to the last named session were published by
Parks with the title as given above, as being the laws of the session beginning March 19, 1735/36. As the ses-
sion beginning April 20, 1736 was by prorogation from the earlier convention, it is likely that technically this
title was correct, but the procedure was unusual, and it has resulted in a general belief that the laws of the ses-
sion of April 2o-May 6, 1736 were not printed.

MdHS. MDioc. BBL. MDSL. BM.

(The printing of the V. & P. for the Session of April 2o-May 6, 1736 was ordered, but no copy of the volume
has been recorded.)

1737

91. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws of Maryland,] enacted | at a Session of Assembly,! be-
gun and held at the City of Annapolis,) on Tuesday, the Twenty Sixth Day of April, in the |
Twenty Second Year of the Dominion of the Right | Honourable Charles, Lord Baron of
Balti-| more, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces | of Maryland and Avalon,
&c. Annoq; Domini 1737.) [Baltimore arms] By Authority.) Printed by William Parks,
and Sold at his Printing-) Office in Annapolis. M,DCC,XXXVII.|

Fol. [A]1, B-E2; 9 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-15, [16]; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-15: text, without heading; p. [16]: contents.
Leaf measures: 12^ x 7^ inches. Type page, p. 3: 256 x 144 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. BBL. MDSL. NYBA.

92. — Laws of Maryland,) enacted | at a Session of Assembly, begun and | holden at the
City of Annapolis,) on Thursday, the Eleventh Day of August, in | the Twenty Second
Year of the Dominion | of the Right Honourable Charles,! Lord Baron of Baltimore, Abso-
lute Lord | and Proprietary of the Provinces of Ma-| ryland and Avalon, &c. Annoque
Domi-| ni 1737.! [Type device] By Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed and Sold by William
Parks. M,DCC,XXXVH.|

Fol. [A]1, B-C2; 5 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-8; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-8: text, without heading; p. 8: contents.
Leaf measures: 12 x ~]\ inches. Type page, p. 2: 250 x 145 mm.

The dates of this session were Aug. 1 1-16, 1737. The printing of the V. & P. was not provided for by the cus-
tomary resolution.

MDioc. MdHS. BBL. NYBA.

93.— Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly of the Province of | Mary-
land.) (26 April, 1737, prorogued from 6 May, i736,-28 May, 1737.) [Annapolis: Printed
by William Parks. 1737.]

Sm. fol. A-C2, C2, E-F2, only ("C" repeated, "D" omitted); 12 leaves; pages 1-24+: text, with heading as
above and session heading of eight lines; concludes with proceedings of May 26, 1737.
Leaf measures: 11^x7 inches. Type page, p. 2: 237 x 131 mm.
MDSL. (imp.)

[185]

*A History of Printing in

1738

MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. (There were no acts passed at the convention of Assembly
of May 3-23, 1738, nor was the printing of the V. & P. provided for by the customary reso-
lution. Although Jonas Green was in Annapolis in this year and employed by the Govern-
ment (see Chapter Seven of the preceding narrative), no imprint of this year has been re-
corded bearing his name.)

1739

94. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. A | Collection | of the Governor's several | Speeches,) and
the | Addresses of each House;) Together with several | Messages and Answers thereto,)
which Passed between each House,) at a Convention of an Assembly, begun the First of
May, 1739.) To which is added,) the Copy of an Order of Council, made | on Occasion of
some Members being stiled, and Acting | after the Prorogation of the Assembly, as a Com-)
mittee of the House of Delegates.) [Baltimore arms] Maryland:) Printed and Sold by Jonas
Green. 1739.)

Sm. fol. [A]1, B-K2, L4, M-X2; 43 leaves; pages [i-ii], [i]-8o, (should be 84, pagination runs: 37, xxxviii, xxxix,
xl, xli, 38, 39, 40, 41); p. [i]: title; pp. [i]-72 [76]: text of speeches and replies to and from Governor Ogle, with
heading, head and tail pieces; pp. 73-80 [77-84] : text, with heading, At a Council,! Held in the Council Chamber,!
On Wednesday the First Day of August, Anno Domini, 1739-!, with head and tail pieces.

Leaf measures: i if x 7 inches. Type page, p. 3: 236 x 138 mm.

"At a Council," etc. pp. 73-80 [77-84], was reprinted with other matters in the following year. See below, No.
loo. The "Collection" was not printed until after Aug. i, 1739, the date of the Council record included in its
contents.

MDSL. LC. (title-page defective).

Sm. 410. Issued in unnumbered parts with continuous paging and signatures; p. [i]: title, serving as general
title for series until new pagination was begun in Sept. 1742; pp. [3]- 197, [198]: text as follows:

[No. i]: A3, B4, C1, D2,-pp. bl-as; [No. 2]: E4, FVpp. 23-134]; [No. 3]: G4, H2, IVpp. 35-48; [No. 4]: K4, L4,
M2,-pp. 49-68; [No. 5]: N4,-pp. 69-76; [No. 6]: O4, P3, Q-Z4, Aa-Ee4, Ff2,- pp. 77-197, [198]. [Colophons of sepa-
rate numbers read:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by J. Green. 1739.!

Leaf measures: 81 x6J inches. Type page, p. 4: 189 x 139 mm.

On May 3, 1739, the Lower House "Resolved, that the Votes and Proceedings of this House this Session be
Printed: Mr. Jonas Green allowed to Print them; and Ordered, that he be Allowed Twelve Shillings per Day for
s. doing, and that he have them finished every Monday and Thursday." The accumulated edition described
above was late in attaining publication, AS appears from the following note on p. 197: "The foregoing Votes and
Proceedings, &c. v. ould have been Published a considerable Time Since, had not Sickness, with which myself
(and Family) have lately been afflicted, prevented it; which is the only Reason that has kept them so long from
the Publick. Sept. 20. J. Green." This note may refer only to the last section [No. 6], pp. 77-1198]. The earlier
numbers probably were issued throughout the session as prescribed, and accumulated and issued by the printer
with the general title-page given above at the time of publication of the last section, [No. 6].
There were no Acts passed at this convention of Assembly.

MDSL. NYPL. MdHS. (lacks tide page).

96. —To his Excellency | Samuel Ogle, Esq;| Governor and Commander in Chief in and
over the Province of | Maryland: | The humble Address of the | Upper House of Assembly.)
May it please your Excellency,) . . . [Address and his Excellency's answer]. Annapolis:
Printed and Sold by J. Green. 1739.)
Single leaf, printed both sides, head-piece.

[186]

rints of the (Colonial Period, 1689-1776

Leaf measures : I \\ x 7^ inches. Type page, p. 2, including imprint: 226 x 140 mm.

This single leaf seems to be the earliest extant specimen of Jonas Green's Maryland Press, although unques-
tionably he had printed for the Assembly before this time. A Collection of the Governor's Several Speeches of this
year was not printed until after Aug. i, 1739, (see note to No. 94, above); the earliest number of the V. & P. of
this session beginning May i, 1739 was not issued certainly until May loth, (see note to No. 95, above). This
address "To his Excellency" on the contrary was doubtless printed and published as a current document during
the early days of the May Session, at which Assembly it was delivered.

NYPL.

1740

97. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. An Act | made and passed at a Session of Assembly begun
and held at the City of Annapolis,! on Wednesday the Twenty third Day of April, in the
Twenty sixth Year of the | Dominion of the Right Honourable Charles, Lord Baron of
Baltimore,! Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon, &c.|
Annoque Domini 1740.)

An Act for Issuing and Paying out of the Office of the Commissioners or Trustees | for
Emitting Bills of Credit established by Act of Assembly the Sum of Two | Thousand Five
Hundred and Sixty Two Pounds Ten Shillings Current Money | in Bills of Credit to be
applied for the Encouragement of Persons voluntarily | Inlisting themselves in his Majes-
ty's Service. | [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by Jonas Green. MDCCXL.|

Fol. 2 leaves; pp. [i]-4: text, with heading as above; p. 4: colophon.
Leaf measures: 13 x 8| inches. Type page, p. 2: 279 x 169 mm.
MdHS. BBL.

98 — Acts of Assembly | of the | Province of Maryland:) made and passed | at a Session of
Assembly, begun and held at the City | of Annapolis, on Monday the Seventh Day of July,
in | the Twenty sixth Year of the Dominion of the Right | Honourable Charles, Lord Baron
of Baltimore,! Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of | Maryland and Avalon,
&c. Annoque Domini 1740.! [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.! Annapolis: Printed
by Jonas Green, Printer | to the Province, and Sold at his Printing-Office.| M,DCC,XL.|

Sm. fol. [A]-F2, G1; 13 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-24; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-23: text, without heading, running head; p.
24: contents.

Leaf measures: 12x8 inches. Type page, p. 2: 233 x 139 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. BBL. (dup.) MDSL. LC. NYPL. (imp.) HLS.

99. — [Advertisement. In Pursuance of an Act of Assembly of this Province for Encourage-
ment of his Majesty's Levies within the same . . . Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.
1740.]

No copy of this item, doubtless a broadside, has been located. It was a recruiting poster, setting forth the
bounty and remission of taxes, etc. to those who should enlist in the West Indian Expedition, in accordance with
the Act of Assembly of April 23, 1740. (See above.) By the terms of the act Jonas Green was ordered to print 600
copies of this "Advertisement", of which 50 copies were to be sent to each county. The "Advertisement is
printed in full in Archives of Maryland, 40: 573 and 574.

ico. —At a Council.! Held in the Council Chamber,! on Wednesday the First Day of
August, Anno Domini, 1739.) Present,] His Excellency the Governor,! The Honourable
[in a bracket the following names:] Col. Ward, | Benjamin Tasker, Esq;| Philip Lee, Esq;|
George Plater, Esq;| Edmund Jenings, Esq;| James Hollyday, Esq;| Col. Hammond,] Col.
Gale,| James Harris, Esq;| [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by Jonas Green.
I740.|

Fol. *, **, V, ****, two leaves each; 8 leaves; pages 1-15, [16]; pp. 1-8: text, with head-piece and heading .as
above, and at end "Copy", "J. Ross, CL Con.", tail-piece; pp. 9-15= tort, with heading, Maryland, ss.

[I87]

<^4 History of Printing in

more arms] At a Council,] Held at the House of his Excellency Samuel Ogle, Esq;| in the City of Annapolis, on
Tuesday the 22d Day | of January, in the Twenty-fifth Year of his Lord-| ship's Dominion. Annoque Domini,
I7.iq.| Present,| His Excellency Samuel Ogle, Esq; Governor,)

{Benjamin Tasker, Esq;
Edmund Jenings, Esq;
Col. Levin Gale.

Leaf measures: 12$ x 7! inches. Type page, p. 3: 234 x 139 mm.

The first eight pages, containing the Council minutes of Aug. i, 1739, had been printed previously as part of
"A Collection of the Governor's Several Speeches" in 1739. See No. 94.

MdHS. (Portfolio No. 11). Henry E. Huntington Library (Church Cat. No. 935).

101. — The | Speech | of his Excellency | Samuel Ogle, Esq;| Governor and Commander in
Chief in and over the | Province of Maryland;] to both Houses of Assembly:] at a Session
of Assembly, begun and held at the City of | Annapolis, on Monday the Seventh Day of
July, in the | Twenty sixth Year of the Dominion of the Right Honourable | Charles, Lord
Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord | and Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and
Avalon,| &c. Annoque Domini 1740.! [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority. | Annapo-
lis:) Printed and Sold by Jonas Green. 1740.)

Sm. fol. 2 leaves, without signature; pages unnumbered; p. [i]: title; pp. [3-4]: text, with head-piece and head-
ing, "The Speech . . . July 7, 1740".

Leaf measures: 12 x 7! inches. Type page, p. [3], including head-piece: 232 x 138 mm.
HU.

1 02. — Votes and Proceedings | of the Lower House of Assembly of the Province of Mary-
land.) (23 April-5 June, 1740). [Colophons of separate parts read:] Annapolis: Printed and
Sold by Jonas Green. 1740.)

Sm. 410. Issued in unnumbered parts. Paging is continuous with V. & P. of 1739 but signatures begin new
series. [No. i]: A4, B2,-pp. i99-[2io] with heading as above and session heading of seven lines; [No. 2]: C4, D2,-
pp. iii-[222]; [No. 3]: E-F4, G3,-pp- 223-1244]; [No. 4]: H-O4, PVpp. 245-304; [No. 5]: Cj-R4,-pp. 305-320; [No.
6]: S-T4, V3,-pp 321-1342]; p. 341 : three lines correcting error on p. 233.

Leaf measures: 8i x 6ft inches. Type page, p. 200: 193 x 139 mm.

MdHS.

103. — Votes and Proceedings | of the Lower House of Assembly of the Province of Mary-
land.) (7 July-29 July 1740) [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by J. Green, Printer
to the Province.) [1740].

Sm. 410. A-H4, 12; 34 leaves; paged continuously with V. & P. of former session; pp. 343-410: text, with head-
ing as above and session heading of seven lines.

Leaf measures: 8J x 6^ inches. Type page, p. 344: 188 x 139 mm.
MdHS.

1741

104. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the | Province of Maryland :| made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the | City of Annapolis, on Tues-
day the Twenty sixth Day of | May, in the Twenty seventh Year of the Dominion | of the
Right Honourable Charles, Lord Baron | of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of
the | Provinces of Maryland and Avalon, &c. Annoque | Domini, 1741.) [Baltimore arms]
Published by Authority.) Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer | to the Province,
and Sold at his Printing-) Office in Charles-Street. 1741.)

Fol. [A]-D2, E1; 9 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-15, [16]; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-14: text, with running heads; p. 15: contents.
Leaf measures: I2j x 8J inches. Type page, p. 2: 228 x 137 mm.
MDSL. MDioc. BBL. Pleasants. MdHS. (Calvert papers.)

[188]

rints of the Colonial Period,

105. — Votes and Proceedings | of the Lower House of Assembly of the Province of Mary-
land.) (26 May-22 June, 1741) [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1741.]

Sm. 4to. A-G4, H2, 12 only, in single known copy; pp. 41 1-474+: text, with head-piece, heading as above and
session heading of seven lines.

Leaf measures: 8i x 6j3j inches. Type page, p. 412: 189 x 138 mm.
MdHS. (imp. ends, p. 474, with proceedings of June 20, 1741.)

1742

Sm. fol. a4, B-R2, S1; 37 leaves; (sign, "a" is two sheets "quired"); pages [I-II], [i]-iii, [iv], [i]-68; p. [I]: title;
pp. [i]-iii: The | Preface.], with head and tail pieces; pp. [i]-36: text, with head-piece and heading in words of title,
signed at end: By order of the Trustees,] Benj. Martyn, Secretary.]; pp. 37-68: "Appendix", (Numbers i-n),
with head and tail pieces; p. 68: "Finis".

Leaf measures: 1 1 J x 7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 221 x 136 mm.

It has been suggested that the New York Public Library copy of this work, because of its lack of a preface,
is an earlier issue than that which is here described. This is possible. The collation of signature "a", which is
two sheets "quired", making "a4", is as follows: a I recto: title,-verso blank; a 2 recto-a 3 recto: "The Preface",-
verso blank; a 4 recto and verso: first two pages of text. "The Preface", therefore, occupies the inner sheet of the
gathering "a4", and, without disturbing the signature sequence, could have been added to all later copies after
there had been published an issue (see the NYPL. copy), which had [a]2 as its first gathering. Without further
evidence, however, it seems more reasonable to assume that the inner sheet of the quire, containing the Preface,
has been lost from the NYPL. copy. The two copies in the MdHS. and the one in LC. all have the Preface, and
the copy from which Peter Force reprinted in 1835 na^ its preface, although it lacked, or Force omitted in his
reprint, pp. 61-68, containing appendices Nos. 9, 10 and II. See Force's Tracts, i: v.

The pamphlet was reprinted in Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, Savannah. 1842, 2: 265-325, in
which reprint Nos. 3 and 8-1 1 of the original Appendix were omitted, and no account taken of the omission of
No. 3 in the enumeration of the appendices. A note by the editor of this Georgia Historical Society reprint as-
serts that the pamphlet was written by Benjamin Martyn, Esq., Secretary of the Trustees, and that the Preface
to the American edition was composed by "a gentleman of Georgia, and defends Oglethorpe with much zeal and
ability." It is declared in this American Preface that the "Account" is now reprinted here as an answer to that
scandalous production, "A True and Historical Narrative of the Colony of Georgia in America," printed for the
authors by Peter Timothy in Charleston, S. C., in 1741, reprinted in Force's Tracts, i : iv, and thence in Collec-
tions of the Georgia Historical Society, 2: 163-263. The "Account" is a document of the greatest importance in the
history of colonial Georgia, and in addition to the editions noted above, it was reprinted from the London edition
with all appendices in The Colonial Records of the State of Georgia, 3: 367-432, vol. 3, Atlanta. 1905; and from
Peter Force's edition as No. 5 of the American Colonial Tracts Monthly. Published by George P. Humphrey.
Rochester. 1897-98.

MdHS. (has one perfect copy and another in Portfolio No. 9, lacking appendices 4-11). LC. NYPL.

107. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the | Province of Maryland,) made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the City | of Annapolis, on Tues-
day the Twenty-first Day of Sep-| tember, in the Twenty-eighth Year of the Dominion
of the | Right Honourable Charles, Lord Baron of Baltimore, | Absolute Lord and Pro-
prietary of the Provinces of Mary-) land and Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini, 1742.) [Balti-
more arms] Publish'd by Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the
Province; and are to be Sold | at his Printing-Office in Charles-Street, 1742.)

Fol. [A]1, B-P2; 29 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-56; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-55: text, without heading, running heads; pp.
55-56: contents.

Leaf measures: 13 x 8| inches. Type page, p. 2: 225 x 133 mm.
MdHS. BBL. MDSL. LC. HLS.

<iA History of Printing in Colonial <3xCary land

Sm. fol. i preliminary leaf, a-o1; 29 leaves; pages [i-ii], [i]-55, [56]; p. [i]: title; pp. [i]-SS: text, with head-
piece and heading, "To the Honourable the Upper House of Assembly", tail-piece.
Leaf measures: ioH x 7 A inches. Type page, p. 2: 207 x 135 mm.
NYPL.

1743

109. HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, M. D. Advertisement. | September 29, 1743.! The Sub-
scriber intending soon for Great-Britain, de-| sires all Persons indebted to him to discharge
their | respective Debts; and likewise such as have Demands upon | him, to come and re-
ceive what is due. [ [signed] Alexander Hamilton. | [Annapolis : Printed by Jonas Green. 1 743.]

Broadside. 6J x 8J inches.

For account of Dr. Alexander Hamilton, see the introduction and prefatory note of Hamilton's Itinerarium,
ed. by Albert Bushnell Hart and published for private distribution by William K. Bixby, Esq. in St. Louis, 1907.
MdHS. (Dulany Papers. Box 5.)

Sm. 410. A-L4 only; 44 leaves; pages [i]-88-|-; p. [i]: title as above; pp. 3-15, 17-88 + : text, with head-piece and
heauing; head-piece at the beginning of each week's proceedings; p. [16]: blank.

Leaf measures: 9x7 inches. Type page, p. 5: 183 x 137 mm.

This is the first copy of the V. & P. since that of May 1739 which the compiler has found bearing a title-
page, although Mr. Evans gives title-pages to those for April and July 1740 and May 1741, and locates copies in
the Massachusetts Historical Society. No such copies exist in that Library, however, nor has the compiler met
elsewhere with any that have title-pages. The four sets of V. & P., May 1739, April and July 1740 and May 1741
have continuous pagination and were evidently issued to be bound together. This pagination came to an end
with the issue of May 1741 when it had reached nearly five hundred pages, and the next collection of V. & P.,
that described above, began a new pagination and bore a title-page. The title-page of the copy here described is
defective, as is indicated in the entry above by the enclosure of several words in round brackets.

Pleasants. MdHS. (lacks title-page.)

(There was no session of Assembly held in the year 1743).

1744

in. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the | Province of Maryland,! made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the City | of Annapolis, on Tues-
day the First Day of May, in the | Thirtieth Year of the Dominion of the Right Honour-
able | Charles, Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the Provinces
of Maryland and Avalon, &c.| Annoque Domini, 1744-! [Baltimore arms] Published by
Authority.] Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are to be
Sold | at his Printing-Office in Charles-street.) [1744].

Sm. fol. [A]1, B-L2, [M]1; 22 leaves; pages [i]-43, [44]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-42: text, with running heads; pp.
42-43: contents, tail-piece.

Leaf measures: 12 x yf inches. Type page, p. 4: 230 x 137 mm.
MDSL. MdHS. (lacks t. p.) BBL. Pleasants (lacks t. p.)

<Mary land Imprints of the Colonial Period,

112. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland,! at a Session begun and held May i, 1744.! (-4 June, 1744). [Annapolis: Printed
by Jonas Green. 1744.]

Sm. fol. A2, B1, 0, D1, E-P, G1, H2, 11, K2, [L]2, M1, N-S2, T1, V-Z2, Aa-Ee2, only; 48 leaves remaining in
single known copy which lacks sign. [L]2, pages 33-36, and whatever originally came after Ee2; pages 1-100+:
text, with head-piece, heading as above and session heading of seven lines; pp. 12 and 58 blank; pp. 33-36 lack-
ing; probably had originally Ff1, pp. 101 and 102, of which p. 102 was blank.

Leaf measures: nf x yi inches. Type page, p. 2: 239 x 137 mm.

MDSL.

'745

113. [JONES, HUGH. A Protest against Popery, shewing i. The Purity of the Church of
England. 2. The Errors of the Church of Rome. And 3. The Invalidity of the most plausi-
ble Objections, Proofs, and Arguments of the Roman Catholics: Humbly addressed to the
Inhabitants of Maryland. By Hugh Jones, Master of Arts, of the University of Oxford.
Colos. ii.8. Beware lest any Man spoil you through Philosophy and vain Deceit, after the
Tradition of Men, after the Rudiments of the World, and not after Christ. Annapolis:
Printed by Jonas Green. 1745.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in the Maryland Gazette for Jan. 17, 1745, and frequently thereafter as "Just
Published and to be Sold by the Printer hereof. [Price Three Shillings.]" Evans, No. 5615 records but does not
locate a copy.

On Dec. 2, 1746 and thereafter in Maryland Gazette, Hugh Jones, under date of Sept. 15, 1746, writing from
Bohemia (Manor) addresses a letter "To the Jesuits established in Maryland, and Pennsylvania: Learned Sirs,"
in which he asks that he be shown a copy of the "applauded answer to my Protest against Popery," which he
has tried in vain to procure. In his History of the Society of Jesus in North America, Text, 2: 514, 515 and 538,
Father Thomas A. Hughes refers to Jones's work and the Jesuit reply to it as part of a long-continued contro-
versy between the Rev. Hugh Jones and the Jesuits of Bohemia Manor, which lay in his Cecil County Parish.
Father Hughes does not describe either book. He refers to Shea, i: 406 and to Records XXIII. no, in, E. I.
Devitt, "Bohemia."

Hugh Jones was a man of attainments. One of the advertisements of Abraham Milton's Farmer's Companion,
(see No. 234, contained an endorsement of the surveying methods described in that book signed "H. Jones, Phil-
omath.", and in the same advertisement (Maryland Gazette Sept. 27 and Oct. 25, 1759) Milton congratulates
himself on having secured a favorable testimonial from so distinguished a scholar. In Sprague, Annals (Epis.),
the Rev. Ethan Allen, D. D. contributes an account of Mr. Jones in which it is asserted that he came to Mary-
land in 1696, was Rector of Christ Church Parish, Calvert County, until 1702 or 1703 when he went to Virginia
and held charges in Williamsburg and Jamestown. He went back to England about 1722, and published in Lon-
don in 1724 a book called The Present State of Virginia. . . From which is inferred a short view of Maryland and
North Carolina (See Clayton-Torrence, No. 105). Returned to Virginia and became rector of St. Stephen's Parish
in King and Queen County, which he left in Feb. 1726, returned to Maryland, was rector for five years of Wil-
liam and Mary Parish, Charles County, became rector in 1731 of North Sassafras Parish, Cecil County, and died
there twenty-nine years later, Sept 8, 1760, venerated throughout the Province, in the ninety-first year of his
age. His obituary appeared in the Maryland Gazette for Sept. 18, 1760.

There is a possiblity that Dr. Allen's account of Mr. Jones is incorrect in some particulars. On the Ms. of his
sketch of him, preserved in the Maryland Diocesan Library, there is written in an unknown hand words to the
effect that there were three persons of the name of Hugh Jones mixed up in the sketch within.

114. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the | Province of Maryland,) made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the City | of Annapolis, on Mon-
day the Fifth Day of August, in the | Thirty-First Year of the Dominion of the Right
Honourable | Charles, Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the
Provinces of Maryland and Avalon, &c.| Annoque Domini, 1745.! [Baltimore arms] Pub-
lished by Authority. | Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and
are to be sold at | his Printing-Office in Charles-Street, 1745-1

[191]

zA History of Printing in Colonial <JtCary land

Sm. fol. [A]1, B-E2, F1; 10 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-18; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-17: text, without heading, running head;
p. 18: contents.

Leaf measures: nj xyj inches. Type page, p. 3: 222 x 139 mm.
MdHS. BBL. MDSL. HLS.

115. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland,] at a Session begun and held August 5, 1745.] (-Sept. 28, 1745) [Colophon:]
Annapolis: Printed and Sold by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province, 1745.!

Fol. A-B2, C1, D-Z2, Aa1; 47 leaves; pages [i]-93, [94]: text, with heading as above and session heading of
seven lines; issued in unnumbered parts throughout session, as follows: [No. i]: A-B2, C*,-pp- [i]-9> P- [ioj, blank;
[No. 2]: DVpp. 11-14; [No. 3]: E2,-pp. 15-18; [No. 4]: FVpp. 19-22; [No. 5]: G-KJ,-pp. 23-38; [No. 6): L-M2,-pp.
39-46; [No. 7]: N-Z2, Aa2,-pp. 47-93.-P- l94l> blank.

Leaf measures: I2j x 7! inches. Type page, p. 3: 251 x 141 mm.

Last number has colophon with date; all other numbers have same colophon lacking date.

MDioc. MDSL Pleasants.

116. The | Maryland Gazette.] Containing the freshest Advices Foreign and Domestic.)
(Jan. 17, Apr. 26-Dec. 31, 1745, Nos. i, 1-36.)

Although the first issue of the Maryland Gazette was published on Jan. 17, 1745, headed No. i, there seems
to have been a discontinuance of the paper until April 26, 1745, on which day appeared an issue likewise headed
No. I. The Gazette continued with only one serious interruption (Dec. 25, 1777 to April 30, 1779) from this time
until its final cessation with the issue of Dec. 12, 1839.

In the year 1745, the following three colophons were used:

Colophon No. i. On preliminary issue of Jan. 17, 1745, headed No. I: Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green,
Post-Master, at the Printing (-Office) | in Charles-Street.)

Colophon No. 2. Beginning with issue of April 26, headed No. I, and including No. 6: Annapolis: Printed by
Jonas Green, Post-Master, at his | Printing-Office in Charles-street, where Advertisements are taken in, and |
any Persons may be supplied with this Paper. |

Colophon No. 3. With the issue of No. 7, "any Persons" was changed to "all Persons", and with No. 8 a new
type size and lining was adopted for the colophon, as follows: Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Post-Master,
at his Printing-Office in | Charles-Street; where Advertisements are taken in and all Persons may be supplied
with this Paper. |

<)\ x 73 inches; 2 leaves each number; two columns.

MDSL (complete). MdHS. lacks No. i of Jan. I7th, the first leaf of No. I of April 26th, but has the remaining
issues with Nos. 7, 8, 30 and 35 imperfect. Photographic reproduction of first page of No. I (Jan. 17, 1745) is in
Scharf, J. T., History of Maryland, vol. 2, facing page 24.

1746

i Ty. [GORDON, JOHN. A Thanksgiving Sermon, on Occasion of the Suppression of the Un-
natural Rebellion, in Scotland, by his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, preach'd
at the City of Annapolis, before his Excellency Thomas Bladen, Esq; Governor of Mary-
land. By the Rev. Mr. Gordon. (Exodus XIV. 13.) Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.
1746.]

Sm. 410. Fragment in NYHS. has A2, B-D4, E3; pp. [v-viii], 1-30 only; (lacks first two leaves of sign. A, con-
taining probably half-title and title); pp. [v-viii] : dedication to Governor Bladen; pp. 1-30-)-: text, with head-
piece and heading, A Thanksgiving | Sermon | on the | Defeat of the Rebels. |, tail-piece, running heads.

Leaf measures: 7! x '\ inches. Type page, p. 2: 4^$ x 3! inches.

The above work, only a single imperfect copy of which is known to exist, was advertised in the Maryland
Gazette for Oct. 14, 1746 as "Now in the Press, and speedily will be Published." On Oct. 28, it was advertised as
"Just Published." The "Defeat of the Rebels" referred to was the Battle of Culloden, April 16, 1746.

The Rev. John Gordon was inducted as rector of St. Anne's Parish, Anne Arundel County, on May 7, 1745
and remained in this charge certainly until March 27, 1749. Soon after this he became rector of St. Michael's
Parish, Taibot County. He was a stanch Whig in the Revolution and in 1785 he received the degree of D. D.
from Washington College. He died April 12, 1790. (Allen, St. Ann's Parish.)

NYHS.

[I92]

tftCary land Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-17*76

1 1 8. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the | Province of Maryland,] made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the City | of Annapolis, on Tues-
day the seventeenth Day of June, in | the thirty-second Year of the Dominion of the Right
Ho-| nourable Charles, Lord Baron of Baltimore, Abso-| lute Lord and Proprietary of the
Provinces of Maryland and | Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini 1746.! [Baltimore arms] Pub-
lished by Authority. | Annapolis :| Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and
are to be Sold at | his Printing-Office in Charles-Street; 1746.!

Sm. fol. [A]-E2, F1; 1 1 leaves; pages [i]-22; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-22: text, without heading, running heads; p. 22:
contents.

Leaf measures, last leaf: n| x 7! inches. Type page, p. 4: 216 x 137 mm.
MdHS. BBL. MDSL. NYBA. (imp.) HLS.

Sm. fol. A-F2; 12 leaves; pages [i]-23, [24]: text, with head-piece, heading as above and session heading of
eight lines; p. 23: colophon.

Leaf measures: i if x 7 j inches. Type page, p. 2: 245 x 140 mm.
There were no acts passed at this convention of Assembly.
MDSL.

1 20. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.] (17 June-8 July, 1746.) [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green,
Printer to the Province.] [1746].

Sm. fol. A-K2, L1; 21 leaves; pages [i]-42: text, with head-piece, heading as above and session heading of
seven lines, tail-piece; p. 42: colophon.

Leaf measures: iif x 7$ inches. Type page, p. 3: 241 x 140 mm.
MDSL.

121. The I Maryland Gazette.] Containing the freshest Advices Foreign and Domestic.]
(Jan. 7, 1746-Dec. 30, 1746, Nos. 37-88.) [Colophon, same as No. 3 under year 1745.]

9^ x 7^ inches, 2 leaves each number, double column.
No. 48 has an appendix of one leaf.

MdHS. has all numbers, Nos. 40 and 69 imperfect. MDSL. lacks Nos. 65, 66, 80 and 88. For location of scat-
tered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

1747

122. CRADOCK, THOMAS. Two | Sermons,] with a | Preface | shewing | the Author's Rea-
sons for publish-] ing them.] By Thomas Cradock, A.M. Rector of St. Thomas's | in Balti-
more County.) [Four lines from Horace.] Annapolis:] Printed and Sold by Jonas Green,
MDCCXLVII.]

Sm. 8vo. A-B4, C2; 10 leaves; pages [I-II], [i]-vi, [i]-u, [12]; p. [I]: title; pp. [i]-vi: The | Preface |, signed,
"T. Cradock", and dated, "Baltimore, November 22, 1746", head and tail pieces, running heads; pp. [i]-6: text,
with head-piece and heading, Innocent Mirth not inconsistent with Re-| ligion.| A | Sermon | Preach'd April the
23d, 1745, in St. Paul's | Church.| [Baltimore], (quotation from Proverbs XVII. 22), tail-piece, running heads; pp.
[7]-! i : text, with head-piece and heading, A | Sermon | Preach'd at St. Thomas's Church, on the Day set apart
by his Ex-| cellency the Governor and his Council, to give God Thanks | for the Conquest of the Rebels by his
Royal Highness the Duke | of Cumberland. | (three lines quoted from Psalm CXXII. 6, 7.), tail-piece, running
heads.

Leaf measures: 6-fa x 4 inches. Type page, p. 5: 133 x 89 mm.

[193]

zA History of Printing in Colonial *3&ary land

Published on Monday, Feb. 9, 1747. See Maryland Gazette for Feb. 3d and loth. Sold at is. 6d. The only
known copy, the British Musuem copy, has the "A. M." after the author's name on the title-page inked out,
and on page [i] the date on which the sermon was preached in St. Paul's Church has been changed from 1745 to
1746; that is, the "6" has been written in with a pen over what was doubtless a "5". In the advertisement above
referred to this date is given as 1745.

The Rev. Thomas Cradock was born at Wolverham in Bedfordshire, England in 1718; ordained deacon Sept.
20, 1741, priest Sept. 25, 1743; received the King's Bounty Feb. 28, 1743/44 (Fothergill), and coming to Mary-
land became the first rector of St. Thomas's Parish, Garrison Forest, in which incumbency he remained until his
death on May 7, 1770. For an account of this fine old parish priest see The Garrison Church. Sketches of the His-
tory of St. Thomas' Parish, Garrison Forest, Baltimore County, Maryland. 1742-1852. By the Rev. Ethan Allen
D. D. Ed. by the Rev. Hobart Smith, M. A. with Additional Sketches. N. Y. 1898. (Illus). There should be
mentioned also the broadside, A | Friendly | Character | of the late | Revd. Thomas Cradock,] Rector of St.
Thomas's Baltimore County, | Maryland.] Who departed this life, May 7, 1770, in the Fifty Second | year of his
Age. | [Thirteen lines of encomium] [London:] Printed by Thomas Worrall, No. 99, Bishopsgate without.], a copy
of which is in the Maryland Diocesan Library. The only recorded copy of the "Two Sermons" described above
is that in the British Museum. Dr. Allen, however, had by him a copy when he was writing "The Garrison
Church " referred to in this note. See No. 189.

BM. (press mark, 4476 a 37).

123. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. [Baltimore arms] An | Act of Assembly | of the Province of
Maryland,) made and passed at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the City of An-
napolis, on Thursday the 6th | Day of November, in the Thirty-second Year of the Domin-
ion of the Right Honourable Charles,) Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Pro-
prietary of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon,| &c. Annoque Domini 1746.) An Act
for issuing . . . the Sum of Nine Hundred Pounds Current Money, in Bills of Credit: . . .
[Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1747.]

Sm. fol. A, 2 leaves; pages [i]-4: text, with heading as above; p. 4: "Finis"; running head.

Leaf measures: ii^f x 7^ inches. Type page, p. 2: 232 x 137 mm.

The dates of this Session were Nov. 6-12, 1746. The act described above was the only one passed. No copy
of V. & P. for the session has been recorded, none was advertised in the Maryland Gazette, and it is believed that
none was printed.

MDSL. BBL.

124. — An Act to remedy some Defects in an Indenture of Bargain and Sale,) made and
executed by Michael Curtis, and Sarah his Wife, late of | St. Mary's County, deceas'd, to
Charles Carroll, Esq; late of the | City of Annapolis, deceas'd. | [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas
Green. 1747].

Broadside. 13 x 8| inches.

Private law bound in volume containing the Acts of Assembly of May 1747, Maryland Historical Society
:opy. Contains at end printed mandate: "On Behalf of the Rt. Hon. the Lord Proprietary of this Province, I
Will this be a Law," signed, "Sam. Ogle."

MdHS.

125. — Acts of Assembly | of the Provinceof | Maryland,) made and passed | at a Session
of Assembly, begun and held at the City of | Annapolis, on Saturday the Sixteenth Day
of May, in the | thirty-third Year of the Dominion of the Right Honourable | Charles,
Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and I Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland
and Avalon, &c. An-| noque Domini 1747.) [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.)
Annapolis:j Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are to be Sold at his j
Prin ting-Office in Charles-street, 1747.)

Fol. [AJ-O2, P1; 29 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-57, [58]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-57: text, without heading, running head;
p. 57: contents.

Leaf measures: 13 x 8J inches. Type page, p. 4: 278 x 152 mm.
MdHS. BBL. MDSL. LC. Pleasants. NYSL. HLS.

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

4to. A-Q2, R1; 33 leaves; pages [i]-65, [66]: text, with heading as above and session heading of seven lines.
Leaf measures: 9! x yi inches. Type page, p. 2: 202 x 152 mm.

Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Jan. 6, 1748, as "This Day is Published ... at the usual Price of Three
Pence for each Day's Proceedings."
MdHS. MDSL. NYPL. Pleasants.

127. The | Maryland Gazette.) Containing the freshest Advices, Foreign and Domestic. |
(Jan. 6-Dec. 30, 1747, Nos. 89-140.) [Colophon, same as No. 3 under year 1745.]

12 x 8J inches, except No. 89 which is 9$ x 7^ inches; 2 leaves each number; double column.

Green normally began his year with Jan. 1st, N. S. but sometimes an error crept in; No. 91 for example, is
dated Jan. 20, 1746 instead of Jan. 20, 1747.

No. 112 has a "Postscript" of one leaf.

MDSL. (complete) MdHS. lacks 89-92, 115, 117, 124-125, 130-133, 135-136, 140, and has 119 and 122 im-
perfect.

1748

128. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the Province of | Maryland,! made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the City of | Annapolis, on Tues-
day the Tenth Day of May, in the thirty-) fourth Year of the Dominion of the Right Hon-
ourable | Charles, Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the Prov-
inces of Maryland and Avalon, &c.| Annoque Domini, 1748.) [Baltimore arms] Published
by Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are to |
be Sold at his Printing-Office in Charles-Street. 1748.)

Fol. [A]-H2; 16 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-32; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-32: text, without heading, running head; p. 32:
contents.

Leaf measures: 12^ x 8 inches. Type page, p. 4: 269 x 143 mm.
MdHS. BBL. MDSL. LC. HLS.

129. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) At a Convention begun and held, December 22, 1747.) (-23 December, 1747)-
[Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.) [1748].

4to. A2, B1; 3 leaves; pages [i]-6: text, with head-piece, heading as above and session heading of seven lines;
p. 6: colophon.

Leaf measures: 9^ x 6J inches. Type page, p. 2: 216 x 150 mm.

Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Jan. 27, 1748, as "Tomorrow will be published, Price 6d."

There were no acts passed at this convention of Assembly.

MDSL. NYPL.

130. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) At a Session begun and held, May 10. 1748.) (-11 June, 1748). [Colophon:]
Annapolis: Printed and Sold by J. Green, Printer to the Province.) [1748].

Sm. 4to. A-V2, X1; 41 leaves; pages [i]-82: text, with head-piece, heading as above and session heading of
eight lines; tail-piece; p. 82: colophon.

Leaf measures: 8J x 6 inches. Type page, p. 2: 168 x 124 mm.
MDSL. NYPL.

131. — Maryland, the 1748. Exchange for £ Sterling.) Pursuant to an
Act of Assembly of this Province for Emitting and | making Current Ninety Thousand

[195]

*A History of Printing in (Colonial ^Maryland

Pounds Current Money of Maryland:] At Forty Days Sight of this our Fourth Bill of Ex-
change, (First, Second or Third, of the same Tenor | and Date, not Paid) Pay unto
or order, the Sum of | Sterling Money of Great Britain, and place the same to the

Accompt of the Province of Maryland,] without further Advice from, Gentlemen,]

Your humble Servants,] | To Messieurs William Hunt,] Joseph Adams, and John j

Hanbury, Merchants in | London.] Annapolis. Printed by Jonas Green.] [1748.]

4! x 9! inches.

Bill of exchange with imprint traversing the left end.

MdHS.

132. The | Maryland Gazette,] Containing the freshest Advices, Foreign and Domestic.]
(Jan. 6-Dec. 28, 1748, Nos. 141-192.) [Colophon, same as No. 3, under 1745.]

iaj x 8i inches, 2 leaves each number, double column.

No. 152 has "Supplement" of one leaf, as have also Nos. 156, 158, 159. No. 160 has "Postcript" of one leaf.
No. 162, June 1st, has the following extra number, containing two leaves with two columns to a page:

Saturday June 4, 1748. | The Maryland Gazette Extraordinary;! or,| An Appendix to No. 162.)

No. 175 has a supplementary leaf, printed on one side only, unheaded, with head and tail pieces.

MDSL. (complete). MDHS. lacks 149-152, 154-159, 162-163, 171, 173-174, 177-181, 183-186, 189-192, and
has 187 imperfect. For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

133. Prince George's County is so very large, that a Division of it is abso-| lutely neces-
sary; . . . [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1748.]

Broadside. 13$ x 8J inches.

Relates to division of Prince George's County whereby Frederick County was formed, by Act of May 1748.
Protests against establishment of county seat at Kennedy Farrell's instead of at Frederick-Town in case the
division is made.

MdHS.

134. The Situation of Frederick-Town.] [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1748.]

Broadside. 6| x 81 inches.

Tells of advantages of Frederick-Town as county seat in case the division of Prince George's County is car-
ried out, as it was finally by an Act of May 1748.
MdHS.

8vo. Imperfect copy in Boston Athenaeum contains signatures: B3, C-E4 only; pages 1-30: text, with head-
piece, heading as above and cuts.

Leaf measure : 7^x4! inches. Type page: 81 x 53 mm.

These extracts were reprinted from the Maryland Gazette for July 5 and 26, 1745, Nos. 1 1 and 14. In the year
J737y the Royal Dublin Society had devoted especial attention to flax culture and manufacture. Its papers on
this subject were published in the "Dublin Society's Weekly Observations" in the Dublin News Letter in the year
J737- (Berry, Henry F. A History of the Royal Dublin Society. Lond. 1915.) It was probably from the "Weekly
Observations" that Green reprinted his articles, which he headed in the issues of his paper above mentioned as
"From the Essays of the Dublin Society," (Nos. XLIV and XLV, respectively). He had announced in the very
first issue of his journal, Jan. 17, 1745, that in order to make his newspaper useful as well as entertaining, he
would present his readers with the best directions for the culture of flax and hemp, especially of flax, instructions
which he considered would prove to be of good public service because of the uncertainty of supplies and of the
prevailing high prices. He kept his word, as has been seen, and three years later republished the articles in the
book described above, which on March 2, 1748 was advertised in the Maryland Gazette as "Just Published," and
in addition to the title as entered above, this further description v/as given of the work: "With Cuts, representing
the principal Instruments used in Flax-Dressing." Some of these cuts are present in the Boston Athenaeum frag-
ment. This is probably the first illustrated book printed in Maryland. It was issued at is. 6d. The typographical

[I96]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

features of the fragment also aid in its identification with the book which Green advertised as cited above. Evans
No. 6127, gives title and imprint as in entry above, but does not locate a copy. See also, Nos. 350 and 351 of this'
bibliography.

1749

136. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the Province of | Maryland,] made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the City of | Annapolis, on Wed-
nesday the Twenty-fourth Day of May, in | the Thirty-fifth Year of the Dominion of the
Right Honourable | Charles, Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of
the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon, &c.| Annoque Domini, 1749.! [Baltimore arms]
Published by Authority.] Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province;
and are to be Sold at his | Printing-Office in Charles-Street, 1749.]

Sm. fol. [A]-E2; 10 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-20; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-20: text, without heading, running head; p. 20:
contents.

Leaf measures: 12x7$ inches. Type page, p. 4: 257 x 140 mm.
MdHS. MDSL. Pleasants. LC.

Sm. fol. A-B2; 4 leaves; pages [i]-8: text, with head-piece, heading as above and session heading of seven
lines, tail-piece of two separate strips between which is the colophon.
Leaf measures: nix 7} inches. Type page, p. 2: 231 x 141 mm.
There were no Acts passed at this convention of Assembly.
MDioc. MDSL. NYPL.

138. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.] [24 May (by prorogation from 11 May)-24 June, 1749]. [Colophon:] Annapolis:
Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province, 1749.]

Sm. fol. A-[O]2; 28 leaves; pages [i]-56: text, with head-piece, heading as above and session heading of four
lines; p. 56: three lines of errata, and colophon.

Leaf measures: 1 1 J x 7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 239 x 142 mm.
MDioc. MDSL.

139. The | Maryland Gazette,] Containing the freshest Advices, Foreign and Domestic.]
(Jan. 4-Dec. 27, 1749, Nos. 193-244.) [Colophon as No. 3, under 1745.]

11} x 7$ inches, 2 leaves each number, double column.

No. 193 dated Jan. 4, 1748 instead of Jan. 4, 1749. See note to this title under year 1747.

MDSL. (complete).

1750

140. BROGDEN, WILLIAM. Freedom and Love.] A | Sermon | Preached before the | Ancient
and Honourable Society | of | Free and Accepted | Masons,] in the Parish Church of St.
Anne, in the City of | Annapolis,] on Wednesday the 27th of December, 1749.] By the
Rev. Mr. William Brogden,] Rector of Allhallows Parish.] Published at the Request of the
Society.] [Three lines quoted from Cicero, Parad.; one from Cicero, de Leg,; two from
Minut. Felix.] Annapolis: Printed, and Sold by Jonas Green, in Charles-Street, MDCCL.|

Sm. 410. i preliminary leaf, [A]-E2; 11 leaves; pages [i-vi], [i]-i6; p. [i]: half-title, Mr. Brogden 's | Sermon |
Preached before the | Ancient and Honourable Society | of | Free and Accepted Masons.|, head and tail pieces;
p. [iii]: title as above,-verso: "In the Lodge, held at the Indian King, in Annapolis in Maryland, on Thursday
the 28th of December, 1749. Agreed, that the Thanks of this Ancient and Honourable Society be given to our
Brother, the Reverend Mr. William Brogden, for his Sermon preached yesterday, before the said Society; and

[197]

tA History of Printing in Colonial <^frCary land

that he be requested to give a Copy of the same for the Press. J. Green, Seer.", head and tail pieces; p. [v] : dedi-
cation, "To the Right Worshipful Alexander Hamilton, M. D. Master; Mr. Samuel Middleton, and Mr. John
Lomas, Wardens; and others the Worshipful Brothers and Fellows of the Ancient and Honourable Society of
Free and Accepted Masons, in Annapolis; This Sermon, Preached and Published at their Request, is Dedicated
by their faithful Brother, and most affectionate humble Servant, William Brogden."; pp. [i]-i6: text, with head-
piece and heading, Galat. V. 13. | . . .| . . .| . . .|; p. 16: at conclusion of text, "Amen".

Leaf measures: 7ix 5 finches. Type page, p. 3: 159 x 107 mm.

The Rev. William Brogden, son of William Brogden of Calvert County, Md., went to England to obtain
holy orders. He was ordained deacon on Aug. 6, 1735 and priest doubtless very soon afterwards, for he received
the King's Bounty (Fothergill) for his passage to Virginia on Sept. 1 1, 1735. Soon after this date he is found in
Maryland where he served successively as rector of All Hallows Parish, Anne Arundel County, and of Queen
Anne's Parish, Prince George's County, retaining the incumbency of the latter until his death in 1770. He was
possessed of a comfortable estate and left a good memory and many descendants. A sketch of him by the Rev.
Ethan Allen, D. D. appears in Sprague, Annals (Epis.) pp. 85-88. See below No. 177.

BM. (press mark, 4486 aa 77).

141. [GORDON, JOHN. Brotherly Love Explain'd and enforc'd: A Sermon preached at the
Parish Church of St. Anne, in the City of Annapolis, on Monday the 25th of June, 1750,
before a Society of Free and Accepted Masons. By John Gordon, A.M. Rector of St.
Michael's Parish, in Talbot County. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1750.]

No copy recorded. Advertised as "Just Published" at is. 6d. in Maryland Gazette for Oct. 3, 1750. For brief
notice of the author, see No. 117.

142. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the Province of | Maryland,] made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the City of | Annapolis, on Tues-
day, the Eighth Day of May, in the Thir-| ty-Sixth Year of the Dominion of the Right
Honourable | Charles, Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the
Pro* inces of Maryland and Avalon, &c.| Annoque Domini, 1750.! [Baltimore arms] Pub-
lished by Authority.] Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and
are to be Sold at his | Prin ting-Office, in Charles-Street. 1750.!

*Fol. [A]-I2; 18 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-34, (should be 3-36, pp. 28 and 29 repeated); p. [i]: title; pp. 3-33 [35] :
text, without heading, running heads; pp. 33-34 [35-36]: contents.
Leaf measures: I2fj x 8 inches. Type page, p. 5: 253 x 140 mm.

In addition to its letter, each signature page has at foot in square brackets: [May, 1750.]
MdHS. BBL. MDSL. NYBA.

143. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (8 May-2 June 1750). [Colophons of separate numbers read:] Annapolis:
Printed, and Sold by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province, 1750.]

Sm. fol. 28 lea/es; pages [i]~56: text, with general heading as above and session heading of eight lines; issued
in unnumbered parts, as follows: [No. i]: A-B2,-pp. [i]-8; [No. 2]: C-DVpp. 9-[i6], p. [16], blank; [No. 3]: E2,
FVpp. 17-22; [No. 4]: G-K2, L1, M-PVpp. 23-56.

Leaf measures: 10^ x 7$ inches. Type page, p. 4: 238 x 143 mm.

Colophon of last number has date in Roman numbers.

MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. NYPL. Pleasants.

144. [The Maryland Almanack for the Year of our Lord 1751, containing the Motions of
the Sun and Moon, true Places and Aspects of the Planets, Rising and Setting of the Sun
and Moon, Lunations, Conjunctions, Eclipses, Judgment of the Weather, Rising and Set-
ting of the Planets, Rising, Setting and Southing of the seven Stars: together with useful
Tables, the Value of Coins in Philadelphia: of the Four Quarters of the Year; Negro
Caesar's Cure for Poison, and the Bite of a Rattle Snake; Roads South-Eastward as far

[198]

<Maryland Imprints of the (Colonial Period, 1680-1776

as Boston; and South Westward, as far as Charles Town; the Courts in This Province, Vir-
ginia, and Pennsylvania; Quakers General Meetings, &c. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas
Green. 1750.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Dec. 19, 1750 as "Just Published." Before this rime
Green had advertised various almanacs for sale, but never his own.

145. The | Maryland Gazette,| Containing the freshest Advices, Foreign and Domestic.|
(Jan. 3-Dec. 26, 1750, Nos. 245-296.) [Colophon as No. 3 under 1745.]

i \\ x yf inches; 2 leaves each number; double column.
MDSL. complete.

1751

146. [ANNAPOLIS, (Mo.) CITY OF. The Bye-Laws of the City of Annapolis, in Maryland.
To which is prefixed the Charter of the said City granted by her late Majesty Queen Anne,
of glorious Memory, in the Year of our Lord 1708. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.
I751-]

No copy recorded. Advertised in the Maryland Gazette for Feb. 13, 1751, as "Just Published" at 5 shillings.

147. [GREAT BRITAIN. The Act of Parliament, passed the last Session at Westminster,
Entituled, An Act for the more effectual securing the Duties upon Tobacco. Annapolis:
Printed by Jonas Green. 1751.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Nov. 6, 175 1, as "Just Published (Containing 24 Pages
in Folio, very necessary to be known by all Dealers in Tobacco) Price 2s 6d."

148. — [An Extract of a Law relating to Tobacco; which had passed the Honourable the
House of Commons, and lay before the House of Lords in June last. Annapolis: Printed by
Jonas Green. 1751.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Sept. 18, 1751, as "Just Published" at 6d.

149. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the Province of | Maryland,) made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the | City of Annapolis, on Tues-
day the fourteenth Day | of May, in the thirty-seventh Year of the Domi-| nion of the
Right Honourable Charles,) Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Pro-| prietary
of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon,) &c. Annoque Domini 1751.! [Baltimore arms]
Published by Authority.] Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province;
and are to be Sold at his | Printing-Office in Charles-Street. 1751-!

Collation same as next entry, except that on p. 28 of this edition is: "Erratum. In the Title Page, for Tuesday
the fourteenth, read Wednesday the fifteenth." The corrected title-page of the later issue is the only point of dif-
ference The MDioc. copy of above entry is perfect as issued. Instead of "i preliminary leaf, A-G2; 15 leaves",
it has: "2 preliminary leaves, A-G2; 16 leaves". The first preliminary leaf is blank and pasted down to the cover.

MDioc. MDSL. LC.

150. — Acts of Assembly | of the Province of | Maryland,! made and passed | at a Session
of Assembly, begun and held at the | City of Annapolis, on Wednesday the fifteenth Day |
of May, in the thirty-seventh Year of the Domi-| nion of the Right Honourable Charles,)
Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Pro-| prietary of the Provinces of Maryland
and Avalon,| &c- Annoque Domini 1751. | [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.]
Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are to be Sold at his |
Printing-Office in Charles-Street. 1751-!

*Sm. fol. i preliminary leaf, A-G2; 15 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-[29], [30]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-28: text, with running
heads; p. [29]: contents.

[199}

*A History of Printing in Colonial ^Caryland

Leaf measures: i ij x 8 inches. Type page, p. 4: 249 x 144 mm.
For variant title page, see preceding entry.
MdHS. BBL. HLS.

151. — Acts of Assembly | of the Province of | Maryland,] made and passed | at a Session
of Assembly, begun and held at the | City of Annapolis, on Saturday the seventh Day | of
December, in the first Year of the Dominion of ) the Right Honourable Frederick, Lord |
Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Proprieta-| ry of the Provinces of Maryland and
Avalon, &c.| Annoque Domini 1751.! [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.) Annap-
olis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are to be Sold at his | Printing-
Office in Charles-Street. 1751.)

*Sm. fol. No signatures; 4 leaves (first leaf is blank and pasted to front cover); pages [i-ii], [1-2], 3-6; p. [i]:
title; pp. 3-6: text; p. 6: contents.

Leaf measures: nj x 7! inches. Type page, p. 5: 238 x 141 mm.
MDioc. (imp.) BBL. MdHS. MDSL. HLS.

152. — [The Charter of the Province of Maryland, granted by his late Majesty King
Charles the First, to Caecilius, Lord Baron of Baltimore, in the Year 1632. Annapolis:
Printed by Jonas Green. 1751.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for May 15, 1751, as "Just Published" at is. 6d.

153. — [A Collection of all the Laws of this Province, relating to the Inspection of Tobacco,
made and passed in the years 1747, 1748, 1749 and 1750. With a very accurate Index pre-
fixed, for Direction to the Reader to turn readily to any Particular he may want to know.
Printed by Order of the last Session of Assembly, for the particular Use of the several In-
spectors and Vestries in the Province. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1751.]

Nr copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Apr. 17, 1751, as "Just Published, (In large Quarto,
containing 80 pages,)" and concluding: "Some few Copies more are Printed, and may be had of the Printer hereof.
Price 53."

154. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (15 May-8 June 1751). [Colophons of separate numbers read:] Annapolis:
Printed and Sold by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province. 1751.!

Sm. fol. 26 leaves; pages [i]-52: text, with general heading as above and session heading of seven lines; issued
in unnumbered parts, as follows:

[No. i]: A-B2,-pp. [i]-8; [No. 2]: C-D2,-pp. 9-16; [No. 3]: E-NVpp. 17-52.
Leaf measures: 10^ x 7} inches. Type page, p. 2: 235 x 143 mm.
MDSL. MdHS. NYPL.

155. [The Maryland Almanack for the Year of our Lord, 1752, calculated according to
the late Act of Parliament for altering the Stile, wherein is contained, the Motions of the
Sun and Moon; the true Places and Aspects of the Planets; Rising and Setting of the Sun
and Moon; Lunations; Conjunctions; Eclipses; Judgment of the Weather; Rising and Set-
ting of the Planets; Rising, Setting and Southing of the seven Stars; a Table of Interest;
a Table of Expences; Receipts, for curing a Flux, a Burn, a Pleurisy, an Ague, the Cholick,
and Rheumatism or Pain in the Bones; a Description of the Roads; Courts in Maryland,
Pennsylvania, and Virginia, &c. &c. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1751.]

No copy recorded. Advertised as "Just Published" in the Maryland Gazette for Nov. 27, 1751.

156. The | Maryland Gazette,] Containing the freshest Advices, Foreign and Domestic.)
(Jan. 2-Dec. 25, 1751, Nos. 297 to 348.) [Colophon as No. 3 under 1745.]

1 1 J x 7 \ inches; 2 leaves each number; double column.
MDSL (complete.)

[200]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

1752

157. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly | of the Province of | Maryland,) made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the | City of Annapolis, on Wed-
nesday the third Day | of June, in the Second Year of the Dominion of | the Right Hon-
ourable Frederick, Lord | Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Proprieta-| ry of the
Provinces of Maryland and Avalon, &c.| Annoque Domini 1752.) [Baltimore arms] Pub-
lished by Authority.] Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and
are to be Sold at his | Printing-Office in Charles-Street. 1752.)

Sm. fol. [A]1, B-E2, F1; ([A] is imposed as the second leaf of F); 10 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-19, [20]; p. [i]: title;
PP- 3-19= text; p. [20]: contents.

Leaf measures: 12x8 inches. Type page, p. 4: 246 x 144 mm.
MDioc. MdHS. BBL. (imp.) MDSL. Pleasants. LC. HLS.

158. — To the Honourable | Benjamin Tasker, Esq;| President and Commander in Chief
of the Province | of Maryland;) The humble Address of the Upper House | of Assembly.)
Sir,) . . . [Address, signed "J. Ross, Cl. Up. Ho.", and dated "June 5, 1752". His Hon-
our's answer, signed, "Benja. Tasker."] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to
the Province.) [1752.]

Broadside. 10 j x 9 A inches.
NYPL.

1 59. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (7 December-i4 December 1751). [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold
by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province. 1752.)

4to. A-D2, E1; 9 leaves; pp. [i]-i8: text, with heading as above and session heading of seven lines.
Leaf measures: ioi x yi inches. Type page, p. 2: 229 x 144 mm.
MdHS. MDSL. Pleasants. NYPL.

1 60. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly ) of the | Province of
Maryland.) (3 June-2j June 1752). [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by Jonas
Green, Printer to the | Province. 1752.)

*Sm. 410. A-K2; 20 leaves; pages [i]-4<D: text, with heading as above and session heading of seven lines.
Leaf measures: 8H * 6J inches. Type page, p. 2: 190 x 142 mm.
MdHS. MDSL. NYPL.

161. [The Maryland Almanack, for the Year 1753. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.
1752.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Green's Maryland Gazette for Dec. 14, 1752, as "Just Published."

162. The | Maryland Gazette,) Containing the freshest Advices foreign and domestic. |
(Jan. 2-Dec. 28, 1752, Nos. 349-399.) [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green,
Post-Master, at his Office in Charles-Street;) by whom all Persons may be supplied with
this Paper; and where Advertisements of a moderate | length are taken in and inserted for
Five Shillings the first Week, and a Shilling per Week after for Con-) tinuance: And Book-
Binding is performed in the neatest Manner.)

13$ x 9 inches, 2 leaves each number, except Nos. 354, 358 and 399 which have one leaf each; three columns.

In the first issue of the year Green announces:

"The Printer of this Gazette, heartily wishes his Readers a happy New Year: The Size being now pretty
much enlarged, he hopes his Number of Good Customers will be enlarged also; for one good Turn deserves
another."

MdHS. (lacks 349 and 358, Nos. 359 and 376 imperfect.) MDSL. (complete.) LC. (incomplete.)

[201]

<zA History of Printing in (Colonial <;Mary I and
'753

163. [BACON, THOMAS. A Sermon, preached before the Ancient and Honourable Society of
Free and Accepted Masons, in Annapolis, in June last. By the Rev. Mr. Thomas Bacon, of
St. Peter's in Talbot County. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1753.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Oct. 1 1, 1753, as "Just Published," to be sold at is. 6d.

164. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. To His Excellency | Horatio Sharpe, Esq;| Governor and
Commander in Chief in and over the | Province of Maryland.) The humble Address of the
tipper House of | Assembly.] [Address, dated at conclusion, "October 3, 1753", and signed,
"B. Tasker, President." Then follows the Governor's answer, signed, "Horo. Sharpe".]
Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province. | [1753].

Broadside. iiH x 6f inches.
NYPL.

165. — An Act to Repeal an Act entituled, an Act for the | Confirmation of the Lands there-
in mentioned, to | Richard Bennett, Esquire. | Whereas, . . . On Behalf of the Right
Honourable the Lord | Proprietary of this Province, I will this | be a law.| [Signed,] Horo.
Sharpe. | [Signed also by Clerks of Upper and Lower Houses, and dated Nov. 16, 1753].
[Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1753.]

Two sheets, printed on one side only, 12$ x yf inches.

This was a private act and therefore not printed in the Session Laws of this Assembly. The copy here de-
scribed is the official copy with the Provincial seal of Maryland attached, sent by the Governor to Lord Balti-
more in England for his Lordship's approval. It was customary to sign and seal separately each Act passed at a
Session, and the Calvert Papers contain many of these official copies in the form described.

MdHS. (Calvert Papers, No. 835).

1 66. The I Maryland Gazette,! Containing the freshest Advices foreign and domestic.)
(Jan. 4-Dec. 27, 1753, Nos. 400-451.) [Colophon as in 1752.]

14 x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number, except Nos. 400, 402-403, 405-406, 408, 449, 450 and 451 which have
one leaf each; three columns.

MdHS. (complete.) MDSL. (complete.) LC. (incomplete.)

1754

167. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts,| of the Province of | Maryland,] made and passed |
at a Session of Assembly, begun and held | at the City of Annapolis, on Tuesday the Second
| Day of October, in the Third Year of the Domi-| nion of the Right Honourable Frederick,
| Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland
and | Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini, 1753.] [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.]
Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are to | be Sold at his
Printing-Office in Charles-Street, 1754.]

Sm. fol. I preliminary leaf, A-X2; 43 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-84; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-84: text, with running heads;
p. 84: contents.

Leaf measures: 12 x yf inches. Type page, p. 2: 258 x 142 mm.

Misprint occurs in "Act to prevent Masters of Ships and Vessels from clandestinely carrying Servants and
Slaves, or Persons indebted, out of this Province," which is corrected on page 4 of "Acts" of February and May
Sessions 1754. See collation of next entry.

MdHS. MDioc. BBL. HSP. NYBA. LC. HLS.

168. — Acts | of the Province of] Maryland,] made and passed ] at Two Sessions of Assem-
bly,) One begun and held at the City of Annapolis, on | Tuesday the 26th Day of February,
in the Third | Year of the Dominion of the Right Honourable | Frederick, Lord Baron of Bal-

[202]

rints of the (Colonial Period,

timore,| Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces | of Maryland and Avalon, &c.)
The Other, begun and held at the said City of An-| napolis, on Wednesday the 8th Day
of May,| in the Fourth Year of his said Lordship's Do-| minion, Annoque Domini 1754.]
[Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.] Annapolis:| Printed by Jonas Green, Printer
to the Province; and are to | be Sold at his Printing-Office in Charles-Street, 1754.]

Sm. fol. [A]2, B-C2, [D]2; 8 leaves; (first and last leaves are blank and pasted to covers); pages [i-ii], [1-2], 3-1 1,
[12-14]; P- I*]: title; pp. 3-11: text, with running heads; p. 4: "Advertisement" (making a correction in an Act
of October 1753, see preceding entry); p. II: contents.

Leaf measures: 11} x 7^ inches. Type page, p. 6: 233 x 142 mm.

MDioc. MdHS. BBL. LC. HLS.

Sm. fol. [A]-D2; 8 leaves; (first leaf is blank and pasted to front cover); pages [i-ii], [1-2], 3-13, [14]; p. [i]:
title; pp. 3-13: text, with running heads; p. [14]: contents.

Leaf measures: 1 1 ^ x 7fJ inches. Type page, p. 4: 241 x 143 mm.
MDioc. BBL. NYBA. HLS.

*4to. A-B4, C-S2, T1; 41 leaves; pages [i]-82: text, with heading as above and session heading of seven lines.
Leaf measures: 9! x 6J inches. Type page, p. 2: 186 x 143 mm.

Copy in MdHS. has on inside front cover an unsigned affidavit dated September 1756 in which Green de-
posed that he had printed the "following Votes and Proceedings."
MdHS. (dup.) MDSL. NYPL. HU.

Sm. 410. A-E2, [F]1; u leaves; pages [i]-2i, [22]: text, with heading as above, session heading of seven lines
and running heads.

Leaf measures: 8 J| x 6f inches. Type page, p. 2: 190 x 145 mm.
MdHS. MDSL. LC. NYPL.

Sm. 410. A-K2; 20 leaves; pp. [i]-4O: text, with heading as above, session heading of seven lines and running
heads.

Leaf measures: 8J x 6f inches. Type page, p. 2: 185 x 144 mm.
MdHS. MDSL. NYPL. HU.

Sm. 4to. A-C2, D1; 7 leaves; pages [i]-i4: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of seven
lines and tail-piece; p. 14: colophon.

[203]

*A History of Printing in Colonia

Leaf measures: 8j x 6J inches. Type page, p. 2: 186 x 144 mm.
MDSL. MdHS. (Calvert Papers.) NYPL. HU.

174. [The Maryland Almanack, for the Year 1754. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.
1754-1

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for the first time on Jan. 17, 1754.

175. The | Maryland Gazette,! Containing the freshest Advices foreign and domestic. |
(Jan. 3-Dec. 26, 1754, Nos. 452-503.) [Colophon as in 1752.]

13} x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number except Nos. 453-456, 458, 496-497 and 498, which have one leaf each;
three columns.

MdHS. (one complete copy, and another copy lacking No. 452.) MDSL. (complete.) LC. (incomplete.) For
location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

1755

176. [BRICE, JOHN. The Case between Philip Hammond and the late Vachel Den ton,
stated: By John Brice. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1755.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Nov. 20, 1755 as "Lately Published, and [now] to be
Sold by the Printer hereof, (Price is. 6d.)"

177. [BROGDEN, WILLIAM. Popish Zeal inconvenient to Mankind, and unsuitable to the
Laws of Christ. A Sermon preached in St. Barnabas Church, Queen Anne Parish, on the
5th of November, 1754, by William Brogden, Rector of the said Parish, in Prince George's
County. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1755.]

Sm. 410. 47 pages.

No copy known. The above title and description are given by the Rev. Ethan Allen, D. D. in his sketch of
the Rev. William Brogden in Sprague, Annals (Epis.) The place of publication is given in Dr. Allen's List of the
Publications of the P. E. Clergymen of Maryland, in Ms. in the Maryland Diocesan Library. Dr. Allen says that
the sermor was a "Gunpowder Plot" sermon. That he had a copy of the book by him when writing his biograph-
ical sketch for Sprague's "Annals" is sufficiently clear from the exactness with which he cites its title, and from
the fact that he quotes a passage irom its dedicatory address "to the Vestry, and other inhabitants" of Queen
Anne Parish. Dr. Allen concludes his account of the book with these words: "The Discourse shows Mr. Brog-
den to have been not only a man of piety, and an independent and unflinching spirit, but also to have been a
well read historian, a fine classical scholar, and conversant with the French language." See No. 140.

178. CALVERT, BENEDICT. Advertisement.) July 23, 1755.) Ran away, Yesterday Morning,
from the Plan-| tation of Benedict Calvert, Esq; at the Wood-| Yard in Prince-George's
County, . . . [Description, etc. of runaway servant, John Anderson, signed:] Benedict
Calvert.j [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1755.]

Broadside. 6J x 7$ inches.

Ridgway Branch of Library Co. of Philadelphia. Photostat copy in MdHS.

179. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Act of Assembly passed in December, 1754.) [Baltimore
arms] At a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the | City of Annapolis, on Thursday
the Twelfth Day | of December, in the Fourth Year of the Dominion | of the Right Hon-
ourable Frederick, lord Baron | of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the |
Provinces of Maryland and Avalon, &c. Annoque | Domini 1754, the following Act passed,

nz.j An Act for taking and detaining able-bodied Men for | His Majesty's Service.) [Colo-
phon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.) [1755]

Single leaf, printed both sides; pp. 1-2: text, with heading as above.

Leaf measures: I2| x 7} inches.

MdHS. (dup.) MDioc. BBL. LC. NYSL. (imp.) HLS. SLM.

[204]

and Imprints of the Colonial Period, l68Q-IJj6

1 80. — Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,! made and passed | at a Session of Assembly,
begun and held | at the City of Annapolis, on Saturday the Twenty-) Second Day of Feb-
ruary, in the Fourth Year of | the Dominion of the Right Honourable Fre-| derick, Lord
Baron of Baltimore, Absolute | Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of Mary- | land and
Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini 1755.! Published by Authority.) [Baltimore arms] Annapo-
lis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are to be | Sold at his Printing-
Office in Charles-Street, 1755.)

Fol. [A]1, B2, C1; ([A] is probably imposed as second leaf of signature C); 4 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-8; p. [i]:
title; pp. 3-8: text; p. 8: contents.

Leaf measures: I2§ x 7$ inches. Type page, p. 6: 254 x 143 mm.

MdHS. (dup.) MDioc. BBL. LC. NYPL. NYBA. NYSL. (imp.) HLS. SLM.

181. — Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,) made and passed | at a Session of Assembly,
begun and held | at the City of Annapolis, on Monday the Twenty | Third Day of June,
in the Fifth Year of the Do-| minion of the Right Honourable Frederick,) Lord Baron of
Baltimore, Absolute Lord and | Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and | Avalon,
&c. Annoque Domini 1755.) [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.) Annapolis:)
Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are to be | Sold at his Prin ting-Office
in Charles-Street, 1755.)

Fol. [A]1, B-C2, D1; 6 leaves; pages [i]-i2; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-12: text, with running head; p. 12: contents.
Leaf measures: I2i x yf inches. Type page, p. 7: 255 x 144 mm.
MDioc. MdHS. BBL. HLS.

182. — Votes and Proceedings | of | the Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (12 December-24 December, 1754). [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold
by Jonas Green,) Printer to the Province, 1755.)

Sm. 410. A-E2, F1; n leaves; pages [i]-22: text, with heading as above, session heading of seven lines and
running heads.

Leaf measures: 8J x 6f inches. Type page, p. 2: 185 x 145 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. LC. NYPL. HU. Pleasants.

183. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (22 February-26 March, 1755). [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by
Jonas Green,) Printer to the Province, 1755.)

Sm. 410. A-L2, M1; 23 leaves; pages [i]-46: text, with heading as above, session heading of seven lines and
running heads.

Leaf measures: 8H x 6f inches. Type page, p. 2: 183 x 144 mm.
MdHS. (dup.) MDSL. LC. NYPL. HU. Pleasants.

184. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (23 June-8 July 1755). [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by Jonas
Green,) Printer to the Province, 1755.)

Sm. 410. A-L2; 22 leaves; pages [i]-44: text, with heading as above, session heading of seven lines and running
heads.

Leaf measures: 8H x 6J inches. Type page, p. 2: 183 x 144 mm.
MdHS. MDSL. Pleasants (lacks last leaf.) LC. NYPL. HU.

185. The | Maryland Gazette,) Containing the freshest Advices foreign and domestic.)
(Jan. 2-Dec. 26, 1755, Nos. 504-555.) [Colophon, Nos. 504-541, as in 1752; beginning with
No. 542, as follows:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Post-Master, at his Office in

[205]

*A History of Printing in Colonial ^Maryland

Charles-street;] by whom all Persons may be supplied with this Gazette, at 12 s. 6 d. per
Year. Advertise-] ments of a moderate Length are taken in and inserted for Five Shillings
the first Week, and One Shilling | each Week after the First.)

14! x 9! inches; 2 leaves each number, except Nos. 505-506, 508, 510, 550-551, 553 and 555 which have one
each; three columns.

Note change in price this year from 145. to I2s. 6d. per annum.

MdHS. has two copies, one lacks No. 555, and has Nos. 545 and 554 imperfect; the other lacks 553, 554 and
555. MDSL. (complete.) LC. (incomplete.) For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

Sm. 410. [A]-F4; 24 leaves; pages [i-v], vi-vii, [viii], 9-48; p. [i]: half-title, Mr. Sterling's | Sermon,] Preached
before the Governor, and | both Houses of Assembly, De-| cember 13, 1754.!, head and tail pieces; p. [iii]t t-'He,
as above,-verso: "By the Lower House of Assembly, December 13, 1754. P. M. Ordered, That Col. William
Fitzhugh, Mr. Lloyd Buchanan, Col. John Henry, Mr. William Hicks, Mr. Henry Casson, and Capt. Alexander
Williamson, do wait upon the Reverend Mr. James Sterling, and return him the Thanks of the House, for his
Sermon preached this Day before his Excellency the Governor, and both Houses of Assembly, and request a
copy thereof that it may be Printed. M. Macnemara, Cl. Lo. Ho."; head and tail pieces; pp. [v]-vii: text of "The
Prayer", head and tail pieces; pp. 9-48 : text, with head-piece and heading, consisting of quotation from Gala-
tians, iv, 18; p. 48: "Finis".

Leaf measures: 1\ x 5$ inches. Type page, p. 13: 151 x 104 mm.

British Museum has also reprint of this same year, with the title "Zeal against the enemies of our country
pathetically recommended . . ." London. 1755. (Press mark, 225. h. 22. ( 18.)) (Evans, No. 7574). For order to
print the Annapolis edition, see Votes and Proceedings Dec. 14, 1754, by which 300 copies were to be printed, 5
for the Governor, 4 to each member of the two houses, the remainder to Mr. Sterling. Advertised for sale by
Jonas Green in Maryland Gazette of July 3, 1755.

The Rev. Mr. Sterling received the King's Bounty on Sept. 16, 1737, (Fothergill), was inducted rector of St.
Anne's Parish, Anne Arundel County on Aug. 5, 1739, and soon after May 7, 1740 became rector of St. Paul's,
Kent County, a charge which he retained until his death in 1763. (Allen, St. Ann's Parish.) His obituary notice
and poetical epitaph were published in the Mary land Gazette for Nov. 17, 1763. He died Nov. 10,1763. In addition
to his parish, Mr. Sterling held office in Maryland as "Collector of his Majesty's Customs at Chester," a fact
which the Rev. Bennet Allen used in extenuation of his own desire a few years later to employ himself in tem-
poral occupations. (See B. Allen to Sharpe, Nov. 25, 1767. Gilmor Papers, MdHS.)

British Museum (press mark, 694. e. 3. (n.))

187. TUESDAY CLUB OF ANNAPOLIS. By Permission of his Honour the President,) of the
Tuesday Club | Sir,| . . . [Notice from Jonas Green that there would be no meeting of the
Tuesday Club for that week. Signed, "Jonas Green, M.C.P.L. & H.S.", and dated, "An-
napolis, July 15, 1755."] [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1755.]

Broadside. 6J i 5! inches.

Printed on green paper. In the heading, the words "of the Tuesday Club" are interspaced with printers'
flowers." A brief account of this celebrated club is given in the foregoing narrative, Chapter Seven; fuller ac-
counts appear in Riley.E. S., The Ancient City, Annapolis. 1887, and in an article entitled "Old Maryland Man-
ners in Scribner's Monthly, 17: 315 (Jan 1879)

LC. (Ms. Div.)

— Sir,[I Hope 1 shall have the Honour of your Company,! at tne Tuesday Club, to be

this | livening in Charles-Street, at the Dwelling of,| Sir, Your very humble Servant,)

Jonas Green, H S.| Annapolis,) December 2, 1755.) [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.

Broadside. 41 x 69 mm.
See note to No. 1 87.
LC. (Ms. Div.)

[206]

<L%Caryland Imprints of the (Colonial Period, l68g-ljj6

1756

8vo. A-X4; 84 leaves; pages [i-viii], [i]-i6o; p. [i]: title; p. [iii]: dedication, to Governors Sharpe of Maryland
and Hamilton of Pennsylvania; p. [iv]: advertisement, see note below; pp. [v-viii]: "Subscribers", with head-
piece; pp. [i]-i6o: text, with head-piece and heading. The | Psalms | of | David.|, tail-piece, running heads.

Leaf measures: y{f x 4 if inches. Type page, p. 4: 149 mm. in height.

Mr. Cradock says in advertisement, p. [iv] : "He is sorry, that he could not comply with his Proposals as to the
Time; but he was twice disappointed of his Paper, and then thought it most expedient to wait a little longer for
the advantage of new Types." The apology was not uncalled for. Proposals for the publication of the "New Ver-
sion of the Psalms of David" by subscription at 6 shillings a copy had been advertised first by Mr. Cradock in
the Maryland Gazette for July 23, 1752. In Maryland Gazette for Aug. 4, 1757, he announced that some of the
original subscribers being dead, he had remaining a few copies for general sale. For personal particulars of the
Rev. Thomas Cradock, see references in note under No. 122.

MdHS. MDioc. (imp.)

190. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,) made and passed |
at a Session of Assembly, begun and held | at the City of Annapolis, on Monday the Twen-
ty | Third Day of February, in the Fifth Year of the | Dominion of the Right Honourable
Frede-j rick, Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord | and Proprietary of the Provinces
of Maryland and | Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini 1756.) [Baltimore arms] Published by
Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are | to be
Sold at his Prin ting-Office in Charles-Street, 1756.)

Fol. [A]1, B-I2; 17 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-33, [34]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-33: text; p. [34]: contents, and one line of
errata; running heads as follows: pp. 3-4: "March, 1756", all others: "May, 1756", while on last page printer
notes that all are wrong and should be "February, 1756".

Leaf measures: I2| x 7! inches. Type page, p. 6: 250 x 144 mm.

MdHS. MDioc. BBL. (dup.) LC. HLS.

191. — [At a Session of Assembly begun and held at the City of Annapolis, the 2jd Day of
February 1756, the following law was enacted: An Act Granting a Supply of Forty Thous-
and Pounds, for his Majesty's Service; and Striking Thirty-four Thousand and Fifteen
Pounds Six Shillings thereof, in Bills of Credit; and raising a Fund for sinking the same.
Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1756.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Aug. 12, 1756, as "Just Published (With all the other
laws passed last session.)" It is not clear that separate publication is meant.

192. — The following Bill (which | did not Pass into a Law last | Session) is published, in
Pur-| suance of an Order of the | Honourable Lower House of | Assembly, for the Perusal
of | their Constitutents.) An Act for regulating the Militia of the Province of | Maryland.)
[Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province, 1756.)

Sm. fol. A-C2; 6 leaves; pp. [i]-n, [12]: text, with head-piece, heading as above and tail-piece.
Leaf measures: 11-^x7 inches. Type page, p. 2: 265 x 143 mm.
Advertised in the Maryland Gazette for June 10, 1756 as "Just Published."
MDSL.

193. [The Maryland Almanack for the Year 1756. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.

1756.]

No copy recorded. Advertised as "Lately Published" in the Maryland Gazette for Jan. 15, 1756.

194. [The Maryland Almanack for the Year of our Lord 1757, containing the Lunations,
Conjunctions, Eclipses, &c. &c. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1756.]

No copy recorded. Advertised as "Just Published" in Maryland Gazette for Dec. 30, 1756.

[207]

*A History of Printing in Colonial tJxCary land

195. The | Maryland Gazette,] Containing the freshest Advices foreign and domestic.]
(Jan. i-Dec. 30, 1756, Nos. 556-608.) [Colophon, same as Nos. 542-555 in 1755.]

14 x 9$ inches; 2 leaves each number, except Nos. 557, 606 and 608 which have one only; three columns.
MdHS. (lacks 606-608.) MDSL (complete.)

1757

196. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,) made and passed)
at a Session of Assembly, begun and held | at the City of Annapolis, on Tuesday the Four-j
teenth Day of September, in the Sixth Year of the | Dominion of the Right Honourable
Frede-) rick, Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute | Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces
of Mary-| land and Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini 1756.) [Baltimore arms] Published by
Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are | to be
Sold at his Printing-Office in Charles-Street, 1757.!

Sm. fol. i preliminary leaf, A-B2; 5 leaves; pages [i-ii], i-[8]; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-7: text, with running heads; p.
7: contents.

Leaf measures: i if x 7 inches. Type page, p. 3: 246 x 144 mm.
MDioc. MdHS. (dup.) BBL. LC. HLS.

197. — Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,) made and passed | at a Session of Assembly,
begun and held at [ Baltimore-Town, on Friday the Eighth Day | of April, in the Sixth
Year of the Dominion of | the Right Honourable Frederick, Lord | Baron of Baltimore,
Absolute Lord and Proprieta-) ry of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon,) &c. Annoque
Domini 1757.! [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas
Green, Printer to the Province; and are | to be Sold at his Printing-Office in Charles-
Street, 1757.1

Sm. fol. i preliminary leaf, A-C2, [D]1; 8 leaves; (preliminary leaf is imposed as second leaf of signature [D]);
pages [i-ii], 1-13, [14]; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-13: text, with running heads; p. 13: contents.
Leaf measures: 11^x7 inches. Type page, p. 2: 245 x 143 mm.
MdHS. (dup.) MDioc. BBL. Pleasants. LC. HLS.

198. — Votes and Proceedings ) of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (23 February-22 May, 1756). [Colophon:] Annapolis:) Printed and Sold by
Jonas Green, Printer to the Province. MDCCLVII.)

4to. [A]-Z2, Aa2, [Bb]1; 49 leaves; pages [i]-97, [98]: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of
six lines, tail-piece and running heads.

Leaf measures: pA x 7 inches. Type page, p. 2: 186 x 146 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. LC. NYPL. HU.

199. —Votes and Proceedings ) of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (14 September-9 October, 1756). [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by
Jonas Green, Printer to the Province. MDCCLVII.J

4to. A-I2, [K]1; Cleaves; pp. (i]-37, [38]: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of six lines
and running heads.

Leaf measures: 9& x 7J inches. Type page, p. 2: 181 x 144 mm.
MdHS. MDSL. NYPL. HU. Pleasants.

4to. A-N*; 36 leaves; pp. [i]-52: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of six lines and run-
ning heads.

[208]

<Mary land Imprints of the Colonial Period,

Leaf measures: 9tV x f\ inches. Type page, p. 4: 186 x 145 mm.

Session held at "Baltimore-Town."

MdHS. MDioc. (imp.) MDSL. LC. NYPL.

201. [The Maryland Almanack, for the Year 1758. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.

No copy recorded. Advertised in the Maryland Gazette for Dec. 8, 1757, as "Just Published."

202. The | Maryland Gazette,) Containing the freshest Advices foreign and domestic.)
(Jan. 6-Dec. 29, 1757, Nos. 609-660.) [Colophon, same as Nos. 542-555 in 1755.]

14 x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number except Nos. 611, 613 and 615 which have one each; three columns.
MDSL. (complete.) For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

1758

203. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,) made and passed |
at a Session of Assembly, begun and | held at the City of Annapolis, on Wed-) nesday the
Twenty-eighth of September, in | the Sixth Year of the Dominion of the Right | Honour-
able Frederick, Lord Ba-| ron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Pro-) prietary of the Prov-
inces of Maryland and | Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini 1757.) [Baltimore arms] Published
by Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; |and are to
be Sold at his Printing-Office in | Charles-Street. 1758.!

Sm. fol. i preliminary leaf, A-B2, C1, i supplementary leaf; 7 leaves; (preliminary leaf, containing title, and
supplementary leaf, which is blank, are halves of the same sheet); pages [i-ii], i-io, [11-12]; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-9:
text, with running heads; p. 10: contents.

Leaf measures: iij x 7 inches. Type page, p. 2: 232 x 127 mm.

MDioc. MdHS. (imp.) BBL. NYBA. HLS.

204. — Acts I of the Province of | Maryland,) made and passed | at a Session of Assembly,
begun and | held at the City of Annapolis, on Tuesday | the Twenty-eighth of March, in
the Seventh | Year of the Dominion of the Right Honour-) able Frederick, Lord Baron of
Bal-| timore, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the | Provinces of Maryland and Avalon,
&c.| Annoque Domini 1758.) [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.) Annapolis:)
Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province;) and are to be Sold at his Printing-Office
in | Charles-Street. 1758.)

Sm. fol. i preliminary leaf, A-B2; 5 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-8; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-7: text, with running heads; p.
8: contents.

Leaf measures: nf X7| inches. Type page, p. 2: 233 x 128 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. HLS.

205. — Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,) made and passed | at a Session of Assembly,
begun and held at | the City of Annapolis, on Wednesday the Twen-|ty-second Day of
November, in the Eighth Year | of the Dominion of the Right Honourable | Frederick,
Lord Baron of Baltimore,) Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces | of Maryland
and Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini | 1758.) [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.) An-
napolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, 1758.)

Sm. fol. [A]1, B2, C1; ([A] is imposed as second leaf of signature C); 4 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-8; p. [i]: title; pp.
3-8: text, with running heads; p. 8: contents.

Leaf measures: 1 1 fj x 7 inches. Type page, p. 4: 239 x 141 mm.
MDioc. MdHS. LC. HLS.

206. — By the Lower House of Assembly,) December i, 1757.) On Motion,) Ordered, That
the Bill, entituled, An Act for | granting a Supply of Twenty Thousand Pounds for | his

[209]

<iA History of Printing in Colonial *J<Cary land

Majesty's Service, and the more immediate Defence and | Security of the Frontier In-
habitants of this Province; and | Emitting Ten Thousand Pounds thereof in Bills of Credit;
| and Raising a Fund for Sinking and Replacing the Whole,| by an equal Assessment on all
Estates, Real and Personal,] and Lucrative offices and Employments, returned this | Day
with a Negative from the Upper House, be Printed | by the i4th Day of January next,
with the several In-| dorsements thereon, and such Part of the Proceedings as | relate
thereto; and that Two Printed Copies be delivered | to each Member of the Upper and
Lower Houses of Assem-| bly, and One to every Clerk of the several County Courts | of
this Province, to be lodged in the respective County | Clerks Offices, for the Perusal of the
Inhabitants of each | County; and forwarded in the same Manner, by the Prin-| ter, as
the Laws, Votes and Proceedings, are directed to | be. Signed per Order,] M. Macnemara,
Cl. Lo. Ho.| [Colophon:] Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Pro-] vince.
1758.]

Fol. A-O2, P1; 29 leaves; pages 1-58; pp. 1-49: text, with heading as above; pp. 5058: text, with this heading
in square brackets: [Extract of the Votes and Proceed- 1 ings of the Lower House, relating to the | foregoing Bill]|;
p. 58 : colophon.

Leaf measures: I2^j x yf inches. Type page, p. 2: 232 x 1 12 mm.

Advertisement in Maryland Gazette Feb. 16, 1758: "Just Published, The (so-much talk'd of) Assessment Bill,
which Passed the Lower House last Session, and was Rejected by the Upper House; with all the Proceedings re-
lating thereto: Containing in the whole, Fifty-eight pages in Folio. A few Copies are to be Sold at the Printing-
Office. Price 3/6." The consequences of the lack of co-ordination between the two houses of the Maryland Assem-
bly during this period are discussed in Schlesinger, A. M. Maryland's Share in the Last Intercolonial War, in
Maryland Historical Magazine June and Sept. 1912, pp. 119 and 243, and in Mereness, N. D. Maryland as a
Proprietary Province. N. Y. 1901, Chapter 4, Military Affairs, in both of which the supply bill here described and
others of a similar character are spoken of. The whole subject of the dispute between the Proprietary and the
Assembly is fully treated in Maryland's Attitude in the Struggle for Canada, by J. W. Black (J. H. U. Studies in
Historical and Political Science, Tenth Series, No. 7. Baltimore. 1892.)

MDSL. MdHS. MDioc. (imp.) LC. HLS.

207. — [Charter of Maryland, and Laws from 1754 to 1758. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas
Green. 1758.] fol.

Evans, No. 8168, gives this title but does not locate a copy, nor has the compiler been able to find a copy. Is
it possible that here are a copy of the charter and separate editions of session laws from 1754 to 1758 bound to-
gether, and that this is a binder's title or a bookseller's descriptive title? If this be true it is likely that the "Char-
ter of Maryland" mentioned is that which Green printed in 1751, but of which no copy has been located.

208. — Votes and Proceedings | of the ] Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.] (28 Sept.-i6 December, 1757.) [Colophon]: Annapolis:] Printed and Sold by
Jonas Green, Printer to the Province. MDCCLVIII.)

Sm. 4to. A-Z2, Aa-Cc2, Dd1; 53 leaves; pages [i]-io6: text, with head-piece, heading as above and session
heading of seven Unes; p. 106: colophon.

Leaf measures: 8i x 6f inches. Type page, p. 2: 183 x 144 mm.
MDSL. MdHS. (dup.) HU.

209. —Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.] (13 February-9 March, 1758). [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by
Jonas Green.] [1758].

. *|to- A-F*; 12 leaves; pp. [i]-24: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of six lines and run-
Leaf measures: 9^ x 7| inches. Type page, p. 2: 185 x 144 mm.
There were no Acts passed at this convention of Assembly.
MdHS. MDSL. LC. HU.

[210]

^fCary land Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

*Sm. 410. A-Z2,Aa-Cc2,[Dd]1;53 leaves; pages [i]-io5,[io6]; pp. [i]-io5: text, with head-piece, heading as
above and session heading of six lines; p. 105: colophon; p. 65 has lower portion cancelled by a corrected printed
version of the last three paragraphs.

Leaf measures : 8J x 6{ inches. Type page, p. 2: 183 x 144 mm.

MDSL. HU. MdHS. (Calvert Papers).

*4to. A-D2; 8 leaves; pp. [i]-i5, [16]: text with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of seven lines
and running heads.

Leaf measures: 9^ x yi inches. Type page, p. 2: 184 x 143 mm.
There were no Acts passed at this convention of Assembly.
MdHS. MDSL. Pleasants (lacks first leaf.) HU.

212. [The Maryland Almanack for ... 1759. Annapolis: Jonas Green. 1759.]

I2mo. pp. 32.

No copy known. The above was recorded by Sabin, No. 45201.

213. The | Maryland Gazette,] Containing the freshest Advices foreign and domestic.| (Jan.
5-Dec. 28, 1758, Nos. 661-712). [Colophon, Nos. 662-702 same as 542-555 in 1755 with ex-
ception as noted below. Colophon, Nos. 703-712, as follows:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas
Green, and William Rind, at the Printing-) Office, the Sign of the Bible, in Charles-street;
where all Persons may be supplied with this Ga-| zette, at 12 s. 6 d. per Year. Advertise-
ments of a moderate length are taken in and inserted | for Five Shillings the first Week, and
one Shilling each Week after, and in Proportion for long Advertise-] ments.|

14 x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number, except Nos. 662-663, 665, 667 and 712, which have one each; three col-
umns.

No. 665 has colophon: Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. |
MDSL. (complete).

1759

214. [An Almanack for the Year 1760, fitted to this Meridian, containing, beside what is
common in an Almanack, a very famous Receipt, lately made public, and purchased of
Mr. Joseph Howard of South-Carolina, by the Assembly of that Government, for which
they gave him Three Thousand Pounds, for Curing the Lame-Distemper, Yaws or almost
any corrupt Blood, &c. Also a Receipt, by which Meat, ever so stinking, may be made as
sweet and wholesome, in a few Minutes, as any Meat at all, &c. &c. Annapolis: Printed by
Jonas Green. 1759.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Nov. 29, 1759 as "Just Published." Was this the
publication advertised in the Maryland Gazette for Oct. u, 1759, and afterwards, as "Now in the Press, And
will be published with all convenient speed, An Ephemeris for the Year of our Lord 1760. Being Bissextile or
Leap- Year. Or, An Almanack, containing, &c. &c. Fitted for the Province of Maryland. By Darius Marylander,
Philomath."?

[211]

tA History of Printing in Colonia

Printed by William Bradford, Printer, in Market-] Street, for the Author, 1759.! [Price
Bound, Twelve Shillings and Six Pence Currency.] |

8vo. 4 preliminary leaves, A-Z4, Aa-Zz4; (Qqa incorrectly given as Rr2, which is repeated in its proper place);
188 leaves; pp. [i-viii], [i]-366, [368]; pp. 361-366 wrongly numbered 561-566, p. 343 wrongly numbered 344; p.
[i]: title; p. [iii]: dedication to the Hon. Stephen Bordley, Esq; pp. [v-viii]: "Preface", with head and tail pieces,
running heads; pp. [i]-io: The | Charter | of | Maryland.!, with head and tail pieces, running heads; pp. 11-288:
text, with running heads and heading, Abridgment | of the | Acts of Assembly | of the | Province of Maryland | at
present in Force.|; p. 288: "Finis"; p. 289: half-title, Choice | and approved | Precedents | in | Law | and | Con-
veyancing:] alphabetically digested.] Calculated | for the Use of the Gentlemen of the Province | of] Maryland.];
pp. 291-338: text of Choice and Approved Precedents, etc. with heading; pp. 339-1343] (printed 344): "Index.";
P- b43l (p»nt:ed 344): "Finis"; pp. 345-353: Index.] To | the Body of Laws.]; pp. 353-1362] (printed 562): "Table
or list of the Acts of Assembly of the Province of Maryland inserted in this collection."; pp. [362-366] (printed
562-566): "Appendix. Of some material Laws, omitted to be inserted in the foregoing collection."; p. [366]
(printed 566): "Finis" and tail-piece.

Leaf measures: 8 x 55 inches. Type page, p. 12: 166 x 92 mm.

For discussion of the work, see foregoing narrative.

Proposals for subscriptions published first in Maryland Gazette for June 1, 1758. On Jan. 4, 1759, in the same
newspaper, Bissett thanks his subscribers for their generous response and announces early publication. It was
advertised as "just published" in Maryland Gazelle, June 28, 1759, "in large octavo."

MdHS. MDioc. HSP. NYPL. NYBA. and in many other law and reference libraries.

*4to. E-N2, [O]1; 19 leaves; pp. [171-53, [54]: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of six
lines and running heads; last leaf (O2, pp. 55-56) lacking, but doubtless blank.
Leaf measures: 9^x7^ inches. Type page, p. 18: i84X 143 mm.
Pagination and signatures continuous with those of the V. & P. of Oct. 1758.
MdHS. MDSL. Pleasants. HU.

217. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (4 April-i7 April 1759.) [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.
MDCCLIX.)

*Sm. 410. P-T2; 10 leaves; pages [571-76: text, with head-piece, heading as above and session heading of six
lines; p. 76: colophon.

Leaf measures: 8| x 6f inches. Type page, p. 58: 181 x 143 mm.

There were no Acts passed at this convention of Assembly. Pagination and signatures of V. & P. continuous
since Oct. 1758.

MDSL. HU.

ii8. The | Maryland Gazette,) Containing the freshest Advices foreign and domestic.]
(Jan. 4-Dec. 2^ 1759, Nos. 713-764.) [Colophon, same as in Nos. 703-712 in 1758].

14 x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number, except Nos. 714-715, 717 and 764, which have one each; three columns.

MDSL. (comrlete.) MdHS. (complete.)

1760

219. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,) made and passed |
at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at | the City of Annapolis, on Saturday the
Twen-| ty-second Day of March, in the Ninth Year | of the Dominion of the Right Hon-
ourable | Frederick, Lord Baron of Baltimore,) Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Prov-
nces | of Maryland and Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini | 1760.) [Baltimore arms] Published
by Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province, 1760.)

Sm. fol. [A]1, B2; 3 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-6; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-6: text, with running heads; p. 6: contents.

[212]

rints of the Colonial Period, i68q-iyj6

'^.20. — Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,] made and passed | at a Session of Assembly,
begun and held | at the City of Annapolis, on Friday the Twenty | Sixth Day of Septem-
ber, in the Tenth Year of | the Dominion of the Right Honourable Frede-| rick, Lord
Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord | and Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland | and
Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini 1760.! [Baltimore arms] Published by Authority.] Annapo-
lis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province; and are to be | Sold at his Printing-
Cm" ce in Charles-Street. 1760.)

Sm. fol. [A]1, B2, C1; 4 leaves; pages [1-2], 3-8; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-8: text, with running heads; p. 8: contents.
Leaf measures: nfj x f\ inches. Type page, p. 4: 253 x 122 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. HLS.

221. — At a Session of Assembly, began [sic] \ at the City of Annapolis, on the 22d | Day
of March, 1760, which conti-| nued until the nth Day of April, it | was Ordered by the
Honourable the | Lower House, That the following | Three Bills which did not Pass in-| to
Laws, with the Amendments pro-| posed to the first by the Lower House,) and Message
sent with the second,) should be Printed, and sent to the se-| veral Counties in this Prov-
ince.) [Colophon:] Annapolis:) Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.) M.DCC.LX.)

Sm. fol. A-O2, P1; 29 leaves; pages 1-58; pp. 1-5: "An Act for Naturalization"; pp. 5-1 1 : "An Act to continue
the several Taxes ... for granting a Supply of Forty Thousand Pounds for his Majesty's Service, . . ."; pp.
11-58: "An Act for granting a Supply of Sixty Thousand Pounds for his Majesty's Service, . . ."; p. 58: colophon.

Leaf measures : 1 1 J x 7 inches. Type page, p. 2 : 227 x 1 1 1 mm.

MDSL.

222. — By his Excellency Horatio Sharpe, Esq; Governor | and Commander in Chief in
and over the Province of | Maryland.) A Brief.) It having been represented to me, by his
Majesty's Governor of the Massachusetts-) Bay in New-England, that on the 2oth of
March last, a Fire broke out in | the Town of Boston, . . . Given at the City of Annapolis,
the Sixth Day of May, in the Tenth Year of his | Lordship's Dominion, and in the Year of
our Lord Christ, 1760.) [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1760.]

Broadside. 15 x 12-fj inches.

This broadside, testimony to close intercolonial relations, was distributed widely throughout the Province,
and the collections for the homeless fire sufferers of Boston made the responsibility of the clergy of all denomina-
tions. The Maryland Historical Society has more than a hundred copies of the broadside, many of them bearing,
either on separate sheets attached or on the backs, the names of the persons who contributed to the fund, in
many cases with the amounts contributed by each person or the total subscription of the parish.

MdHS. MDioc.

223. — [Baltimore arms] By His Excellency | Horatio Sharpe, Esq;| Governor and Com-
mander in Chief in and over the | Province of Maryland.) A Proclamation.) . . . Given
at Annapolis, this Day of | in the Year of his Lordship's Dominion,
Annoque | Domini 176 | Signed per Order,) [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.
1760-1768.]

Broadside. Approximately loj x 71 inches.

Form for prorogation of Maryland Assembly, with blank space for dates. The copy described here is dated
Jan. 4, 1768.
MdHS.

224. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (22 March-n April, 1760.) [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed and Sold by Jonas
Green, Printer to the Province, 1760.)

*A History of Printing in

*Sm. 410. V-Z2, Aa-Cc2; 14 leaves; pages [771-103, [104]; pp. [yyj-ioj: text, with head-piece, heading as above
and session heading of six lines; p. 103: colophon.

Leaf measures: 8^ x 6& inches. Type page, p. 78: 177 x 142 mm.

Page 103 has a notice beneath the colophon announcing that "The Three Bills" ordered printed by the House
this Session were in the press. See No. 221. Pagination and signatures of V. & P. continuous since Oct. 1758.

MDSL.

225. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.] (26 September-^ October, 1760.) [Colophon:] Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas
Green, Printer to the Province. MDCCLX.)

4to. Dd-Hh2, li1; n leaves; pages [1051-125, [126]: pp. [1051-125: text, with head-piece, heading as above,
session heading of six lines and running heads; p. 125: colophon; leaf Iiz, doubtless blank, lacking in known
copies, and not accounted for in pagination of the series. See collation of No. 231.

Leaf measures: loj x 7! inches. Type page, p. 1 06: 187 x 144 mm.

Pagination and signatures of V. & P. continuous since Oct. 1758.

MDSL. MdHS. (Calvert Papers, 808.)

226. [The Maryland Almanack, for the Year of our Lord, 1761. Being the First after Bissex-
tile or Leap- Year. Wherein is contained The Motions of the Sun and Moon; the true Places
and Aspects of the Planets, and Rising and Setting of the Sun and Moon. Likewise The
Lunations, Conjunctions, Eclipses, Judgment of the Weather, Rising and Setting of the
Planets; Rising, Setting, and Southing, of the Seven Stars: Together with the Courts of
Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia; Description of the Roads; an excellent Receipt
for the Cure of the Dysentery or Bloody-Flux, taken from the Edinburgh Medical Essays;
and several other useful and entertaining Particulars. Calculated for the Latitude of
Thirty-nine Degrees, and a Meridian of Five Hours West from London; but will very well
serve any of the neighboring Colonies. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1760.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Dec. 24, 1760 as "Just Published."

227. The | Maryland Gazette,] Containing the freshest advices foreign and domestic. | (Jan.
3-Dec. 24, 1760, Nos. 765-816.) [Beginning with Oct. 23d, No. 807, title changes from
"freshest" to "latest advices." Colophon, 765-815 as follows:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas
Green, and William Rind, at the Printing-] Office, the Sign of the Bible, in Charles-street;
where all Persons may be supplied with this | Gazette, at 12 s. 6 d. per Year. Advertise-
ments of a moderate length are taken in and inserted | for Five Shillings the first Week,
and One Shilling each Week after, and in Proportion for long Ones. | [Colophon to Numb.
816:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, and William Rind.|

14! x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number, except Nos. 767 and 768, which have one only; three columns.
Nos. 795 and 796 each have "Supplement" of one leaf.

MdHS. (one Complete copy and an imperfect duplicate.) MDSL. (complete.) For location of scattered
issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

1761

228. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. By his Excellency | the Governor | and | Council,] loth
July, 1761.1 [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province. 1761.]

4to. A-B2; 4 leaves; pp. [i]-8: text, with head-piece and heading as above; p. 8: colophon.

Leaf measures: ioi x 7$ inches. Type page, p. 2: 187 x 143 mm.

The Lower House having neglected the Governor's request to include in their journal the record of proceed-
ings undertaken to recover for the public the money due from Mr. Darnall, late Naval Officer of Patuxent, "It
is therefore Ordered, that Mr. Green Print and Publish them, and that he deliver a Copy thereof, with every
Copy that he shall deliver of the Journal of the Proceedings in the Lower House during the late Convention."
See p. [i], above pamphlet.

MdHS.

<i%Caryland Imprints of the (Colonial Period, l68g-IJj6

229. — To his Excellency | Horatio Sharpe, Esq;| Governor and Commander in Chief in
and over | the Province of Maryland:] The humble Address of | the House of Delegates. |
May it please your Excellency,) . . . April 14, 1761. [Signed,] H. Hooper, Speaker.) His
Excellency's Answer:) Gentlemen of the Lower House of Assembly,] . . . April 15, 1761.
[Signed,] Horo. Sharpe. | Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.)
[i?6i.]

Broadside. 12^ x 7^ inches; head and tail pieces; imprint beneath tail-piece.
MdHS. (Calvert Papers, No. 637^.)

230. — To his Excellency | Horatio Sharpe, Esq;| Governor and Commander in Chief in
and over | the Province of Maryland:) The humble Address of | the Upper House of Assem-
bly.) May it please your Excellency,) . . . April 15, 1761. [Signed,] B. Tasker, President.)
His Excellency's Answer:) Gentlemen of the Upper House of Assembly,) . . . i6th of
April, 1761. [Signed,] Horo. Sharpe.) Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the
Province.) [1761.]

Broadside. I2§ x 7^ inches; head and tail pieces; imprint beneath tail-piece.
MdHS. (Calvert Papers, No. 637!.)

231. — Votes and Proceedings ) of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) (13 April-6 May, 1761.) [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green,
Printer to the Province, 1761.)

4to. Kk-Ss2, [Tt]1; 19 leaves; pp. [1271-163, [164]: text with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of
six lines and running heads.

Leaf measures: loj x 7! inches. Type page, p. 128: 197 x 144 mm.

See note to No. 228, a title which is sometimes found bound with the V. & P. here described. With the above
item is concluded the pagination and signature sequence begun with V. & P. of Oct. 1758. There were no Acts
passed at this convention of Assembly.

MdHS. MDioc. (lacks last leaf) MDSL. Pleasants. (dup.)

232. The | Maryland | Almanack,) for the Year of our Lord,) 1762,) Being the Second after |
Bissextile or Leap- Year.) And from the Creation of the World, according to the | best of
Profane History, 5711 | But by the East and Greek Christians, 7270 | By the Jews, He-
brews, and Rabbins, 5522 | And by the Account of Holy Scriptures, 5771 | Since the Dis-
covery of America, 270 | Wherein is contained | the Motions of the Sun and Moon; the
true Places and | Aspects of the Planets, and Rising and Setting of the j Sun and Moon.)
Likewise | The Lunations, Conjunctions, Eclipses, Judgment ) of the Weather, Rising and
Setting of the Planets;) Rising, Setting, and Southing, of the Seven Stars:) Together with
the Courts of Maryland, Pennsyl-) vania, and Virginia; Description of the Roads;) and
several other useful and entertaining Particulars.) Calculated for the Latitude of Thirty-
nine Degrees,) and a Meridian of Five Hours West from London; but | will very well serve
any of the neighboring Colonies.) Annapolis:) Printed and Sold by Jonas Green.) [1761].
Price Eight Coppers, single.)

I2mo. A4, B2, C4, apparently; actually is A-B4, C2, (see note below) 10 leaves; pages unnumbered.

Leaf measures: 6| x 4^ inches. Type page, p. 2, including borders: 147 x 81 mm.

Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Dec. 24, 1761 as "Lately Published." The leaves in this copy are loose
enough to render possible a careful examination of the gatherings which compose the book. These are seen to be
as follows:

A4, B4,C2, the two leaves of signature "C" being quired between the first two and last two leaves of signature
"B", so that an examination of a bound copy would lead one to read A4, B2, C4.

LC.

*A History of Printing in (Colonial <Mary land

233. The | Maryland Gazette,! Containing the latest Advices foreign and domestic.] (Jan.
i-Dec. 31, 1761, Nos. 817-869.) [Colophon, as in Nos. 765-815 in the year 1760, except
Nos. 817, 8 1 8, 820, 822 which are as No. 816 in that year.]

14 x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number except 818, 820, 822, 824, 868 and 869 which have one each; three col-
umns.

MdHS. (two complete copies.) MDSL. (complete.)

Half-title, pp. 34, folding plate.

A copy of this work exists somewhere in private ownership. The compiler had a sight of it some years ago
when its title-page as above given was photographed for the Maryland Historical Society. No description was
taken of the book at that time, except the brief note given above. The photostat title-page in the Maryland His-
torical Society indicates Sm. 4to in size.

On Sept. 27 and Oct. 25, 1759, "Abraham Milton, Inspector at Chestertown" published in the Maryland
Gazette his proposals for issuing by subscription, provided 400 subscriptions at 20 shillings each were received,
The Farmer's Companion, withdrawing his former proposals. His advertisment was accompanied by testimonials
to his new method by well known farmers and gentlemen, among them the Rev. Hugh Jones of Cecil County,
who signed himself "H. Jones, Philomath." In Maryland Gazette for April 3, 1760, Milton announced a sliding
scale for the price of the book, based upon the number of subscriptions which should be received. It was to cost
10 s. down and 10 s. at delivery, but if 500 subscribers were received, then only 7 s. 6 d. at delivery; if 600, only
5 s.; if 700, only 2 s. 6 d.; if 800, nothing at delivery, the original 10 s. being sufficient. On Aug. 14, 1760, in the
same newspaper, Milton announced that although the prescribed number of subscriptions had not been re-
ceived, he proposed to publish the book within two months. It was not, however, until April 23, 1761, that the
book was advertised in the Maryland Gazette as "this day published," and to be Sold for "10 s. Ready money
only."

Evans, No. 8929, gives this title from Hildeburn, No. 1747:

235. MILTON, ABRAHAM. The Farmer's Companion; instructing how to run land without
a compass, and to plat the same in an easy manner. Also a supplement thereto, directing
how any person may tell the time of day by a walking stick, or a piece of board, and there-
by set off any course of the compass . . . Philadelphia: Printed by Andrew Steuart, 1761.

Hildeburn does not locate a copy of this edition nor give any description of it. It is possible that his entry
may be a title made up from a newspaper advertisement of the Annapolis edition, and that Andrew Steuart was
not the printer of a Philadelphia edition, but simply the agent employed by Milton to take subscriptions and
sell copies in that city.

1762

^.36. [GREEN, JONAS. A Letter to his Excellency Horatio Sharpe, Esq; Governor and Com-
mander in Chief, in and over the Province of Maryland; and to the Honourable the Upper
and Lower Houses of Assembly of the said Province; From Jonas Green, Printer. Annap-
olis: Printed bv Jonas Green. 1762.]

No copy recorded, but in his petition noted below, Jonas Green says: "That your Petitioner has, in a printed
Letter addressed to your Excellency and your Honours, set forth with strict Truth, many Particulars, relating
to his Situation with the Public, . . ."

237- — To his Excellency Horatio Sharpe, Esq;| Governor and Commander in Chief, in
and | over the Province of Maryland;] and | to the Honourable the Upper and Lower |
Houses of Assembly of the said Province;] The Petition of Jonas Green, Printer,] most
humbly sheweth,] . . . [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1762.]

Broadside. 18! x 14! inches.

Date determined by Cecilius Calvert's endorsement on back that it was noted in his letter of Mch. i, 1763.
That letter was in reply to various ones from Sharpe written in 1762. For the result of this petition see the report

mprints of the Colonial 'Period, 1689-1776

of committee on Jonas Green's petition in Votes and Proceedings of April 13, 1762, reprinted in Appendix to the
foregoing narrative, and the Act passed in that Session, Chap. 24, 1762, Bacon's Laws oj Maryland, also at large
in Acts of Assembly, March-April 1762.
MdHS. (Calvert Papers, No. 672.)

238. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts | of the Province of | Maryland,! made and passed |
at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at | the City of Annapolis, on Wednesday the
Seven-] teenth Day of March, in the Eleventh Year of the | Dominion of the Right Hon-
ourable Frede-| rick, Lord Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord | and Proprietary of the
Provinces of Maryland | and Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini 1762.] [Baltimore arms] Pub-
lished by Authority. | Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province, 1762.!

Sm. fol. i preliminary leaf, A-D2; 9 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-16; p. [i]: title, with running heads; pp. 1-15: text;
pp. 15-16: contents.

Leaf measures: u & x 7 inches (cut down). Type page, p. i: 238 x 142 mm.

Page 16 has a "cancel" containing "Also the following private Laws" pasted over the list of private laws as
originally printed on that page.

MdHS. Pleasants. HLS.

239. — A | Bill | for raising a | Supply | for | His Majesty's Service:) which was | Framed by
the Lower House of Assembly of the Pro-| vince of Maryland, at a Session held at the City
of Anna-| polis, in March 1762, and Rejected by the Up-| per House.| To which is prefixed,]
All the Messages which passed between the Two Houses,] relating thereto.] Published by
Authority, for the Perusal of the Inhabitants.] Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer
to the Province.] MDCCLXII.|

4to. [A]2, B-C2, *2 (inserted between Ci and €2) D-P2; 32 leaves; pages [1-3], 4-10, 4 unnumbered pages of
sign. *, [n]-59, [60]; p. [i]: title; pp. [3]-io: text of messages between the houses; head and tail pieces; pp. [***],
%*, *»*, *»*: text of address of Upper House, with head-piece and heading, To His Excellency | Horatio Sharpe,
Esq;| . . . signed on fourth page, "Benjamin Tasker, President", and dated "April 24, 1762", tail-piece; pp. [n]-
59: text, with head-piece and heading, An Act for granting a Supply of Forty Five Thou-| sand Pounds for his
Majesty's Service, and for de-| fraying the Expences heretofore incurred for the | Defence and Security of the
Frontier Inhabitants | of this Province, and for other Purposes therein | mentioned; and for raising the same by
an equal | Assessment upon all Estates, real and personal, and | lucrative Offices and Employments.], tail-piece.

Leaf measures: 9! x 7^ inches. Type page, p. 4: 193 x 145 mm.

In the Maryland Gazette for Oct. 21, 1762 the publication of this bill was announced, and further that a few
copies in addition to those ordered by the Assembly were for sale at five shillings each.

See the letter of Gov. Sharpe to Secretary Calvert in Sharpe Correspondence, Archives of Maryland, 14: 51.

MdHS. MDSL.

Sm. fol. A-O2; 28 leaves; pp. [i]-55, [56]: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of seven
lines and running heads.

Leaf measures: 12 x jft inches. Type page, p. 2: 241 x 141 mm.
MdHS. MDSL.

241. The | Maryland | Almanack,] for the Year of our Lord,] 1763,] Being the Third after |
Bissextile or Leap- Year.] And from the Creation of the World, according to the | best of
Profane History, 5712 | But by the East and Greek Christians, 7271 | By the Jews, He-
brews, and Rabbins, 5523 | And by the Account of Holy Scriptures, 5772 | Since the Dis-
covery of America, 271 | Wherein is contained | [etc. etc. exactly as in Maryland Almanack
for 1762.] Annapolis:] Printed and Sold by Jonas Green.] [1762]. Price Eight Coppers,
single.]

[217]

The M4RTLAND GAZETTE.

[XVIII//J Year.]

THURSDAY, OElober 21, 1762.

911.]

Grtct JO T to the Nation I
iPni-:cE-OF WALES is Born..
GOD Save the KING.

Jamcsffl,

12, 1762.

5HIS MORNING,
at half an Hour af-
ter VII, the Queen
was happily Deli-
vered of a PRINCE.
__ Her Royal High-
*>kPnnccfs Dowager of Wales,
*il Lords of his Majefty's nioft
Privy Council, "and the
er Majefty's Bedcham-

Newt was'im-
«»de kno\vii to the Town by the
*e Tower Guns ; and the infer

ike Th.rd

e Comrr

P E T E R S D U R C H, >/, 10.

THE Stint ifTcmbW YtftcrdiT, ind ifttr foltrn
Deliberation, it wal deie.mined i
Oioold be denoted. Count Rolamowlky, late
Chief of tbe ColTacki, Count Panin, Com*
Duke, Son to Pelet the Third, and Field Maiftil Bolterlin,
cmdertook to execute tbe Refolmion of Ibe Seoilt : In Con.
ftquenee whticof Count Rotamowdt. went to the CaMc
ol Oranjebium, and there (tiled upon tbe Emperot. Peince
Ctoife ol Holdem Goitorp, «poo the fiift Alarm, madt
(..me Redilirce It tbe Head of bn Retiment, but on hn
iteti.ini a violent Wound on tbl Head wub a Sabre, be
wai taken Pritootr. •

7«/y ii. Tbe principal Cireomflaieti that ittendtd ibc
hie titnordinary Revolution lie 11 follow t .

Tbe Emperor hid been for fe.ei.l Daya at hii.Cooolry
beat at' Oianjebaum, and tht Empiefi at laothtr, called
Palerm..lT. On Ihe ylb Inftant, it fii in Ihe Mornicf. Ibc
Emprefi irriind ill tbit City, and immrtniely rrpaiicd to
Ihe Paltte ; when, alttr i(Ttmblinf rbe Cuaidi, Bie drfn.d
[hern to fuffoct her ; ind they accordinjly Proclaimed htr
Emprtfi jf all tbt Rngiai, at the (MM Time deelannj tnt
Emperor, Peter tbe Third,' to b« depofed.

After il.ii Proclamation wal Bade, croiin| which Time
the Galci of Ihe City we:c kept Ihul, the new So«em|n
went to iht Church of kafacIVy, where, aficr Di'ine Ser.ice.
all ike Ciandeetof ike Empi-t look ibc Oath of Fidelity u.
htr i to whom (he declared, that Alt bad taken tbe Rtinl ol
G^vcinmettt purely for tbt |Ood of tkt Country. At ibc
Bt(innin|oflhe(iCeiemo>ii>a,inoiderloprntntDil^rbancei,
her Imperial Mi>flr tbou|bt ptoper to fccure The Pcifon a
Hi net Ceorte ol HolAeia. •

Other neeelfiry Preciutioos bcin| liken, tht Empiefa,
drtlltd in tbe Unifoim of Ike Cuarol, and wtarine.i blue
Ribb-n, mounted her Hoife, and put heifclf ai the Head nl
9 or 10,000 Men, and rmucoed to Oiinjtbaum, bui ibe

fofli in tbe Mo»ntiim of Bohemia, Wai about 3000 I. en,
in Killed, DeJirnn ud Piifcnen. The (ante amount to
upwardi of 1000, and imon|ft them art 13 Omccn. We
bate alfo taken 14 Piecei of Caonon. Our Lofi, »keo it
ii confiJered tkat ike Enemt kid ike Ad.inugt "f Ground,
aoo CMI Tioova kid tht nod difficult Paflta lo (t! throu[k,
may be reckoned ineonfidtnblt ; it don not i mount t»
6to Mil, ineludini the Killed, Wounded, and M,«n|.

fit,'fl,Ht. J'lf T. 0. S. Thu Diy • Decliiatioi «a-
piblilhtd belt by tbe Empirti, |i>in( an Account of law
Oectlfe of the laic Emperor feler the Tkifd.

L O N D O N, Al•*f^.

WtdMrday a Cartel Ship ariifed at Poritmomh, with tb*
Garrnon o. Si. John'i in Newfoundland on board.

Lttteu from Boordtaut. by Yefterday'i Flai>4en MaU,.
ad.ifc, tkat ftteral Skipi which were in tbe Hut .t are t.-
ken *f foe Traolpom, to cairy • Number of Troopa rw
Newfoundland, I (real Pin of wkkk were alreae embark-
ed. Tbe. arc to be counted by ihrte Men of V. .r.

By i Letter from a Gentleman at Oporto, wnieh caac
by Y.ftrrdi)1! ttfton Mail, we in informed that enrf
Tkini wai ury quilt then | ln4 £»ce tbe Arrival of e»t
T"«pe i' "bat fl«e, all Fan of Ibt Spaniard, wen »i in-
ly fukfujed.

X.jf./l 10. Le«iMi from rnntt by the Tlaodera Mail.
mt..Mn". tbat Ihe TrWuotil, with Freneh Trnopa for New
h.undlaavl, |<> out of Boordraos ihl ;if) ult. e>ul beioj
ch.fed by toox of Mr Men «l War, itcie obli|ed to pjl
back.

/A, V? ./ t LMH' f~m twtjm**, Antf I.

f On \ii.rliy bit Majifly 'a >bipi (Mfotd, Superbe,
Sb«wft.rr M* Mn«r»«. f"»«^ froi» $piibtael an Nawloorrf'
bnd, to intcrnan Ux French Sbipi comin» Hoeoe from
ibenct."

Tht Maryland Paclcet, frMn Virjinia, U mitred IB tbt
Ruer. She »>i > mif&n| Ship.

PLATE Xa. See page xiv.

THE

M4RTL4ND GAZETTE.

T H U R S D A Y, JULY 16, 1767.

LONDON/ Afrit ^o.

ESTERDAY there wat the fidleft
Houfc of Common, known lince the
Mming «f Firliamer-, and it wa> ex.
|)tti«l would fit late.

^ Tl:i: Dl)' *'" "* held * ful1 B<Mrd

, bem? the (irft fince tl,e HolMaytj ami,
. the Pnvy Council have giVen Grit, of
«I^K lhe tOBtlaQlt '» North-Americo, to
rof liw MOT Suffer eri in the l»t Wir.

of tl« Jcfu its at Barcelona on the tith ult. and add,
tbat in Ibine of their L'clh Guns were fuuttd, and in
• others fonie P.ipert were tlifcoTered burning, which
had juft been thrown intothr Firr.^

Saturday Morning a Qiwutity of Artillery and
Ordinance Stores were lhippe»"at the Tower for Se-
negal, and on Monday Two Companie« of Matroflcf
will be embarked at Woolwkb for the African Set-
tiemepts.

We hear ^ItcEaft-rndia Ccapany ii to pay into

They write from Lirenbol, that fiitne cnuleat
Merchant! of that Town, ire preparing to fit out

.a Number of Ships, to bctraployed UusSeaTon Lo
the Greenland Fiflury.

• Several of the Foreign N.-*Jity and Gentry, lately-
arrived here, we :tre afltcd, have befpoke very

- rich Suits of Cloaths, wlirjj are now weaving in
Spinalfields, to ajyear iu a Court on his MajutVs
fin ill-Day.

We hrir from Gfafco,. -that feme Filhcrmen

..Mttltilug up, on- rtej^/od cf St. Kilua. Tw>

PLATE Xl>. Seepage xiv.

rints of the Colonial Period, l68g-Ijj6

I2mo. A4, B2, C4, apparently; actually is A-B4, C2; 10 leaves; pages unnumbered.
Leaf measures: 6$ x 4 inches. Type page, p. [a], including borders: 151 x 80 mm.
See this title under year 1761 for explanation of collation.
MassHS. HU.

242. The | Maryland Gazette,] Containing the latest Advices foreign and domestic.| (Jan.
7-Oct. 14, 1762, Nos. 870-910.) [Title from 911 to 921, Oct. 2i-Dec. 30, 1762, reads:]
The Maryland Gazette.| [XVIIIth Year.] (Date) (No.) | [Colophon, Nos. 870-910, as in
Nos. 765-815 of 1760, changed with new title of No. 911, and from 911 to 919 reads as fol-
lows:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green and William Rind, in Charles-Street. All Per-
sons | may be supplied with this Gazette at I2s. and 6d. per Year. Advertisements of a
moderate | length are inserted for 53. the First Week, and is. each Time after: And Long
Ones in Proportion. | [Nos. 920 and 921 have as colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas
Green and William Rind, in Charles-Street.]

13\ x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number except Nos. 873, 876 and 921 which have one each; three columns.

Nos. 899 and 902 have "Appendix" of one leaf each. Nos. 887, 904 and 908 have "Supplement" of one leaf
each.

In issue of July 29, 1762, Green prints first column in a "Specimen of New English"; second column, "new
small-pica"; third column, "new Long-primer."

For arrangement of new title beginning with No. 911, see Plate Xa.

MdHS. (two complete copies.) MDSL. (complete.)

1763

Sm. 4to. [A]-G4; 28 leaves; pages [1-3!, 4-55, [56]; p. [i]: title; pp. [31-44: text with heading, head and tail
pieces; pp. 45-55: "The Appendix"; p. 52: text of Two-Penny Act; pp. 53-55: "Advertisement. To every serious
Reader in Lunenburg Parish.", signed, "Landon Carter", and prefaced by a satirical paragraph, doubtless by
Camm.

Leaf measures: p. 3: 7} x 6^j inches. Type page, p. 6: 147 x 1 12 mm.

For a photographic reproduction of the title page, see Plate VII.

The first part of the Appendix, pages 45-51, contains a correspondence wherein Camm seeks to persuade
Joseph Royle of Williamsburg, public printer of Virginia, to print his pamphlet. Royle declines because of its
"Satyrical Touches upon the Late Assembly." For an account of the literature of the controversy between the
Virginia clergy and the Assembly, arising from the passage of the Act of 1758 whereby the clergy might be paid
either in currency or tobacco, see Clayton-Torrence, Nos. 268, 278, 304, 310, 311, 312. Clayton-Torrence records
also above item, but says that no copy of it has been found. See also Griffin, A. P. C. A Catalogue of the Washing-
ton Collection in the Boston Athenaeum, in which the compiler refers to "a reply to the works of Carter and Bland"
which Camm "brought out in Maryland . . . called 'The Colonels dismounted." " Clayton-Torrence gives this
title as follows: The | Colonel Dismounted:! or the Rector Vindicated.) In a Letter Addressed to His Reverence:]
Containing | A Dissertation upon the Constitution | of the Colony.] ___ [Williamsburg: Printed by Joseph Royle.
MDCCLXIV.] (Title page. Text, 30 pp. Appendixes, XVII pp.) Quoting H. J. Eckenrode, he says that the author
was not Camm but Colonel Bland, and describes the work as "Richard Bland's sardonic rejoinder to John
Camm's 'Observations on Colonel Bland's Letter to the Reverend John Camm', . . . published in Virginia Gazette
October 28, 1763." In the only known copy (Library of Congress) the lower half of the title page has been torn
away. Clayton-Torrence attributes it, in square brackets, to the Williamsburg press, and the internal evidence
of the book sustains the attribution. In attributing it to the Maryland press, Mr. Griffin probably had in mind
Camm's "Single and Distinct View" described above.

^A History of Printing in Colonial <Mary land

For a brief note on the Rev John Camm (1718-1779) containing essential details, see The William and Mary
College Quarterly 4:61. See also Bishop Meade's Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia, \ : 216-226.

An analogous controversy was carried on in Maryland a generation earlier when the Rev. Jacob Henderson
fought for the privileges of the Church of England establishment in that Province. See No. 61 and note to No.

3"-

MDioc. NYHS.

244. GREAT BRITAIN. By the King,| A Proclamation,] Declaring the cessation of Arms, as
well by | Sea as Land, agreed upon between His Majesty,! the Most Christian King, and
the Catholic King,| and enjoining the Observance thereof.) George R.| Whereas Prelimi-
naries, for restoring Peace, were signed at Fontainebleau | . . . [Colophon:] London:
Printed by Mark Baskett, Printer to the King's most ex-| cellent Majesty; and by the
Assigns of Robert Baskett. 1762.) Annapolis:] Re-printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the
Province of Maryland. 1763.)

Broadside. loj x 5! inches.

See concluding paragraph of note to No. 21.

245. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. [Baltimore arms] By His Excellency | Horatio Sharpe,
Esq;| Governor and Commander in Chief in and over the | Province of Maryland :| A Proc-
lamation.) Whereas His Majesty's Royal Commands, have been signi-| fied to me by the
Right Honourable the Earl of Egremont | . . . Given at the City of Annapolis, this elev-
enth Day | of February, in the Twelfth Year of his Lordship's Do-| minion, and in the
Third Year of his Majesty's Reign, | Annoque Domini 1763.) Signed per Order . . . | [An-
napolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1763.]

Broadside. 9! x ff inches.

See concluding paragraph of note to No. 21.

246. The I Maryland | Almanack,] for the Year of our Lord,| 1764,! Being | Bissextile or
Leap-Year.| And from the Creation of the World, according to the | best of Profane His-
tory, 5713 | But by the East and Greek Christians, 7272 | By the Jews, Hebrews, and Rab-
bins, 5524 | And by the Account of Holy Scriptures, 5773 | Since the Discovery of America,
272 | Wherein is contained | [etc. etc. exactly as in The Maryland Almanack for 1762.] An-
napolis:) Printed and Sold by Jonas Green.) [1763]. Price Eight Coppers, single.]

I2mo. A4, B2, C4, apparently; actually is A-B4, C2; 10 leaves; pages unnumbered.
Leaf measures: 6& x 4$ inches. Type page, p. [2], including borders: 150 x 82 mm.

Not advertised for sale in Maryland Gazette until Jan. 5, 1764. See note to this title under 1761 for explana-
t on of collation.
MdHS.

247. The Maryland Gazette.) (January 6-Dec. 29, 1763, Nos. 922-973; beginning with
April 2ist, change in heading from XVIIIth to XlXth Year.) [Colophon, as in Nos. 911-
919 m 1762, except Nos. 924 and 973 which are as in Nos. 920 and 921, 1762.]

13! x 9 inches; three columns; two leaves each number except Nos. 924 and 973 which have one each.
No. 968 wrongly numbered 969. Nos. 941 and 953 have each a "Supplement" of one leaf; No. 949 has a
Postscript" of one leaf.

For title arrangement see Plate Xa.

MdHS. (two complete copies in one of which No. 973 is imperfect.) MDSL. (complete.)

1764

2jJ8< A" Answer t0 the °-ueries on the Proprietary Government of Maryland, inserted in
Public Ledger. Also, an Answer to the Remarks upon a Message sent by the Upper to

[220]

rints of the (Colonial Period,

the Lower House of Assembly of Maryland, 1762. . . . By a Friend to Maryland. Printed
in the Year 1764.

8vo. pp. (2), 1 60.

Evans, No. 9582, prefixes Annapolis, in square brackets, to the title as given above in short entry, but there
are reasons for questioning this attribution. Its typographical features are not those of Green's work, and its
author, if one may assume his opening sentences to have been written without attempt at deception, was resident
in England at the time of its composition. He writes as follows: "The Pamphlet you were pleased to send me
some time ago, entituled, 'Remarks upon a Message sent by the Upper to the Lower House of Assembly of Mary-
land, 1762, by a friend to Maryland', I have not only perused with attention, but by my avocation lately from
London to the country, have had leisure and time enough to draw up the following remarks upon it. The Letter
you refer me to, printed in the Public Ledger here, November lyth, 1763, 1 have also read ___ "

There exists further negative evidence that the work was printed elsewhere than in Maryland. From the first
appearance of the "Queries" in the Public Ledger, throughout the discussion which arose when the "Remarks
upon a Message" (see below) was published, Governor Sharpe had been opposed to having anyone "enter the
Lists & combat about it with an Anonymous Scribler who being unknown may throw Dirt in the Dark without
any Risk of losing his Reputation." (See Archives of Maryland, 14: 150 and 159.) Then writing on 10 July 1765,
obviously some months after the publication of "An Answer to the Queries" in 1764, Sharpe implied that noth-
ing had been published in reply to the "Remarks upon a Message" in Maryland, and he is surprised that Secre-
tary Calvert is still harping on it. He writes, {Archives of Maryland, 14: 201) "From the Pamphlets being taken
no Notice of here by the Upper House or any one on their behalf It soon fell into Oblivion, nor did the Author
think it would be for his honour or Reputation to acknowledge his Offspring (for he is not yet known;) & in my
Opinion the Publishing an Answer to it here would answer no other end but to revive useless Disputes & to
furnish some Lover of Mischief among us with an Occasion & Pretence for throwing Dirt on those who are con-
cerned in the Government or who might be suspected of writing such answer, . . ." These words were written
after the "Answer" had been published, but Sharpe seems not yet to have learned of its appearance, although
his last letter from Calvert had been April 2, 1765. If the work had been of American publication, he would
surely have known of it when writing his letter of July 10, 1765. At one time, however, the Governor seems to
have been considering the advisability of sending a champion in to the lists against the 'anonymous dirt thrower",
for six months after his first contemptuous reference to the publication, Daniel Dulany, Jr. wrote to Lord Bal-
timore:

"It was said that an Answer was preparing to the Remarks with the Assistance of Mr. Bacon. He is an ingen-
ious Man, & well acquainted with the springs of our political Disputes, . . ." (Calvert Papers, No. 1288, Sept. 10,
1764). Sharpe's disclaimer of July 10, 1765, quoted above, and his refusal to employ Bacon on a similar task in
1760 (See foregoing narrative, Chapter Eight) seem sufficient evidence that this intention was not carried out
to the point of publishing a reply. In the Maryland Historical Society Portfolios there is a draft of an "Answer"
in Ms. which indicates that some person, an official probably, had made an attempt at preparing a reply to the
animadversions in the Public Ledger article.

The work referred to here in reply to which the "Answer" had been in part composed, was entitled:

"Remarks upon a Message, sent by the Upper to the Lower House of Assembly of Maryland. 1762. ... By
a Friend to Maryland. Printed in the year MDCCLXIV."

There are reasons for believing that this work was printed by Franklin & Hall of Philadelphia, and that
Franklin himself had something to do with its authorship. A letter in the Calvert Papers, No. 1288, from Daniel
Dulany, Jr. to Lord Baltimore, dated Sept. 10, 1764, makes the following statement in regard to the pamphlet:
"From whose Quiver this shaft came, is not at present known. Something of the kind was long expected, &, I
suspect was sent, when I was in England, to Mr. Anderson under a direction to Mr. Franklin, who, I believe,
from many Circumstances hath been concerned in the Composition — the Diction or Style of it is very much
like his — it was printed at his Press. [Italics not in original]. In a late Publication, wch He is known to be the
Author of, there appears a great Resemblance of The Remarks."

Some months before this on May 8, 1764, Gov. Sharpe (Archives of Maryland, 14: 160) had written to Secre-
tary Calvert, asserting that most people were of the belief that the "Remarks" had been written by Mr. James
Tilghman, formerly a burgess from Talbot County, Md. but at that time a resident of Philadelphia. Sharpe
further intimated that Daniel Dulany, Jr. had lent a hand to the revision of the pamphlet, but a perusal of the
whole of the Dulany letter above mentioned convinces one that this suggestion on the part of the Governor had
its origin in the state of dislike which existed between these two. The question of the authorship of this pamph-
let and the reply to it present an interesting literary problem. The Dulany letter here cited should be read in
connection with letters from Secretary Calvert to Sharpe, (Archives of Maryland, 31: 540.); Sharpe to Calvert
(Archives of Maryland, 14: 149, 150, 157-160, 201.)

[221]

*A History of Printing in (Colonial ^hCary land

Copies of the "Answer to the Queries" are to be found in LC. and in JCB. Copies of the "Remarks" in
MDioc. MdHS. HSP.

249. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts | of | Assembly,! of the | Province of Maryland,] made
and passed | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the City of (Annapolis),! on Tues-
day the Fourth Day of October, in the Thirteenth (Year of) the | Dominion of the Right
Honourable Frederick, (Lord Baron) of | Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the
Provinces of Mar)yland | and Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini 1763.) (Published by Author-
ity) [Baltimore arms] Annapolis:| Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.) [1764.]

*Fol. i preliminary leaf, A-S2; 37 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf: title,-verso blank; Ai recto-
82 recto: text, with session heading and running heads; Sz recto and verso: contents; Sz verso: "Advertisement"
of the forthcoming Bacon's Laws of Maryland. (See No. 254).

Leaf measures: 13! x 9! inches. Type page, p. As recto: 269 x 148 mm.

Imperfections in the MDioc. title-page are indicated in the above transcript by round brackets. The MdHS.
copy is the official copy sent to Lord Baltimore, each act printed separately, signed and sealed; in brief, the Acts
of the session and not a book containing the acts. Hence no title-page.

MDioc. MDHS. (Calvert Papers).

250. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. 13 Frederick Lord Baltimore.] At a Session of Assembly,
begun and held at the | City of Annapolis, on Tuesday the Fourth Day of | October, in
the Thirteenth Year of the Dominion of | the Right Honourable Frederick, Lord Baron of |
Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the | Provinces of Maryland and Avalon, &c.
Annoque | Domini 1763, and ended the 26th November, the | following Laws were Enacted.
| Horatio Sharpe, Esq; Governor.] Chap. i.| An Act for amending the Staple of Tobacco,
for preventing | Frauds in his Majesty's Customs, and for the Limitation of Of-| ficers
Fees.] [Colophon:] Annapolis:] Printed and Sold by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.]
[1764].

*Fol. A-M2, N1; 25 leaves; pages unnumbered; Ai recto-Ni verso: text, with heading as above; Ni verso:
colophon.

Leaf measures: 13! x 8£ inches. Type page, p. Ai verso: 275 x 148 mm.

The above is a separate issue, with colophon, of Chapter I of the Acts of October 1763.

MdHS.

25!- — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.] October Session, 1763,] being the second Session of this Assembly.] (4 October-
26 November, 1763.) [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Prov-
ince.] MDCCLXIV.]

Sm. fol. P-Z2, Aa-Ii2; 36 leaves; pp. [571-127, [128] : text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading
of six lines and running heads.

Leaf measures: 11^x7$ inches. Type page, p. 58: 241 x 145 mm.

Continues thr pagination and signature sequence of the V. & P. for March Session, 1762.

MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. Pleasants (lacks pp. 57-68.)

252. The 1 Maryland | Almanack,] for the Year of our Lord,] 1765,] Being the First after |
Bissextile or Leap- Year.] And from the Creation of the World, according to the | best of
Profane History, 5714 | But by the East and Greek Christians, 7273 | By the Jews, He-
brews, and Rabbins, 5525 | And by the Account of Holy Scriptures, 5774 ] Since the Dis-
covery of America, 273 | Wherein is contained | [etc. etc., exactly as in 1762, except that in
last paragraph before imprint, "from" is misprinted "fron", and "Colonies", "Colones",
and in next to last paragraph, "Virginia" is followed by a colon instead of a semi-colon.]
Annapolis:] Printed and Sold by Jonas Green.] [1764.] Price Eight Coppers, single.]

[222]

rints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1^76

8vo. A4, B2, C4, apparently; actually is A-B4, C2; 10 leaves, pages unnumbered.
Leaf measures: yf x c\ inches. Type page, p. [2], including borders: 152 x 80 mm.
For explanation of collation, see note to this title under 1761.
LC.

253. The Maryland Gazette.] (Jan. 5-Dec. 27, 1764, Nos. 974-1025; beginning with April
igth, change in heading from XlXth to XXth Year.) [Colophon, as in Nos. 911-919 in
1762, except No. 1025, which is as in 920 and 921, 1762.]

14 x 9^ inches; three columns; two leaves each number except No. 1025, which has one leaf.
Nos. 991, 994, 1001, 1003, 1007, and 1010 have "Supplement" of one leaf each.
For title arrangment, see Plate Xa.

MdHS. (one copy complete except that it lacks "Supplement" to 1001, and another copy which lacks this
"Supplement" as well as No. 1025 and second leaf of No. 1024.) MDSL. (complete.)

1765

254. BACON, THOMAS. Laws | of | Maryland | at Large,] with proper | Indexes.] Now first
Collected into One Compleat Body, and Published from the | Original Acts and Records,
remaining in the Secretary's-] Office of the said | Province.] Together with Notes and other
Matters, relative to the Con-] stitution thereof, extracted from the Provincial Records.]
To which is prefixed, The | Charter,] With an English Translation.] By Thomas Bacon,
Rector of All-Saints Parish in | Frederick County, and Domestic Chaplain in Maryland
to | the Right Honourable Frederick Lord Baltimore.] [Provincial Arms, Signed, T. Spar-
row, sculp.] Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.] MDCCLXV.]

Fol. [aj-f2, g1, A-Z4, Aa-Zz4, Aaa-Zzz4, Aaaa-Hhhh4, liii2, A-Y2, z1; 368 leaves; pages unnumbered; [ai] recto:
title; [a2 recto]: dedication, "To the Right Honourable Frederick, . . . Lord Baron of Baltimore, &c. . . . [signed]
Thomas Bacon"; bi recto-[bz verso]: "Preface", with list of subscribers at end; [ci recto]: half-title, The | Char-
ter | of the | Province | of | Maryland. | ; [ci verso]-gi recto : text of Charter, Latin on each verso, English transla-
tion on each recto; Ai recto-[Iiii2] verso: text of Iaws,i637-i763, each session with session heading, running heads;
AI recto-ui recto: "Index: or, an Alphabetical Abridgment of the Laws of Maryland: With References to the
Acts at Large, as contained in the foregoing Collection"; [u2 recto]-[Y2 verso]: "Index to Private, Parochial, and
Town Laws"; [zi recto]: "Advertisement", consisting of one page of errata.

Leaf measures: iff x 9} inches. Leaf measures, large paper edition: i6J x ioj inches. Type page, d i recto:
272 x 148 mm.

For full history of this work, see Chapter Eight in foregoing narrative. For photographic reproduction of the
title-page, see Plate IX. Although the printing was completed in 1765, it was not published probably until Aug.
1766. Announcement that purchases were now to be made through Mr. Lancelot Jacques was published in
Maryland Gazette for Aug. 21, 1766.

MDHS. MDSL. MDioc. PI. LC. HSP. NYPL. NYHS. NYBA. and in many public and private libraries.

255.[DuLANY, DANIEL, JR.] Considerations ] on the | Propriety | of imposing (Taxes] in the]
British Colonies,] for the Purpose of raising a Revenue, by | Act of Parliament.] — Haud
To turn Verba resignent | Quod latet arcana, non enarrabile, fibra.] North-America:
Printed by a North-American.] MDCCLXV.] [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1765.]

Sm. 4to. [A]-G4; 28 leaves; pages [i]-55, [56]; p. [i]: title; pp. 3-4: "Preface", with head-piece, and "Virginia,
August 12, 1765", at end; pp. 5-48: text, with head-piece and heading, "Considerations &c."; pp. 49-55: "Appen-
dix", with head-piece; p. 55: "The End".

Leaf measures: ~]\ x 6^j inches. Type page, p. 6: 147 x 112 mm.

For photographic reproduction of title-page, see Plate VI.

In the Maryland Gazette for Thursday, Oct. 10, 1765, Jonas Green announced that a pamphlet bearing this
title would be published, and gave at the same time a description of the forthcoming publication which aids con-
siderably in identifying the copy above described as being one of the edition which he advertised in these words,
the earliest known reference to Dulany's celebrated work: "Next Monday, will be Sold, at this Printing-Office, a

[223]

<iA History of Printing in Coloni

pamphlet (of Seven sheets Quarto, in Small-Pica,) entitled, Considerations on the Propriety of Imposing Taxes
in the British Colonies, for the Purpose of raising a Revenue, by Act of Parliament. Haud Tbtum Verba resig-
nent Quod latet arcana, non enarrabile, fibra. Printed by a North-American, 1765. [Price Two Shillings and Six-
pence.]"

On Oct. iyth and 24th he advertised this same pamphlet as "To be Sold, at this Printing Office." Five days
after the advertised date of publication, on Oct. 19, 1765, Gov. Sharpe wrote to Secretary Calvert (Archives of
Maryland, 14: 233) :"...! shall not fail writing as often as Opportunities offer, tho I should have nothing worthy
notice to communicate, which would be the Case at present if the Pamphlet & Paper that I inclose for his Ldp's
& your perusal had not lately made their Appearance. ... As to the Pamphlet it is said to have been printed in
Maryland, but the Author it seems chooses to remain unknown. It would be unnecessary to tell you that what-
ever Opinion might be Entertained of it in England it meets with general Approbation here & you may from its
Contents form a true Judgment of the Sentiments of the People throughout this & the Neighboring Tobacco
Colony."

Again, on Nov. II, 1765, writing to Baltimore (Ibid. p. 238) Gov. Sharpe said: "That your Ldp. might see
what the Colonies have to offer against the Stamp Act & particularly those who reside in Virginia & Maryland
I lately transmitted in a Letter to Mr. Calvert a Pamphlet which had been published here & is I think by far the
best that has appeared in favour of the Colonists Pretensions."

Secretary Hamersly to Sharpe, Feb. 20, 1766, describing the Stamp Act debate in the House of Lords, (Ar-
chives of Maryland, 14: 267) wrote: "he [Lord Camden] Laboured a distinction in the case of Internal Taxation
upon the Doctrine Laid down in that able performance you transmitted wch has since found its way to the Press
with the name of Mr. Dulany Prefixed."

For an exhaustive description and discussion of the Dulany pamphlet in all except its bibliographical aspects,
see Tyler, M. C. The Literary History of the American Revolution, 1763-1783, 1 v. N. Y. 1 897, i : 101-1 13, wherein
the author, in speaking of the effect of the "Considerations" at home and abroad, says: "On the fourteenth of
October, 1765, while the members of the Stamp Act Congress were in the midst of their labors upon the great
problem of the hour, there came from a printing office in Annapolis, a pamphlet . . . dealing with the same prob-
lem, and doing so with a degree of legal learning, of acumen, and of literary power, which gave to it, both in
America and in England, the highest celebrity among the political writings of this period. It was entitled 'Con-
siderations, etc.' ... on the fourteenth of January, 1766, just three months after the publication of Dulany's
pamphlet, Pitt appeared in the House of Commons . . . and spoke with tremendous power in favor both of an
immediate repeal of the Stamp Act, and of the final abandonment of all measures looking towards the taxation
of the colonies by Parliament. In one of the speeches which he made in the course of that debate, he held up
Dulany's pamphlet to the approval and the admiration of the imperial legislature; and though but a meagre out-
line of his speech is now in existence, even from such outline it is made clear that in all but one of the great fea-
tures of his argument as to the constitutional relations of Great Britain to her colonies, he followed the very line
of reasoning set forth by Daniel Dulany, an old Eton boy like himself." In a note Professor Tyler gives parallel
passages from Pitt's speech and Dulany's pamphlet.

The following passage occurs in a letter from the Earl of Shelburne to Pitt dated Feb. 6, 1767 (see Taylor
and Pringle's Correspondence of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, 4 v. Lond. 1839, 3: 192): "But all that I have to
say on this head [»'. e. "The New York Petition"] is so much better expressed in a letter from Mr. Delaney, the
author of the American pamphlet to which your Lordship did so much honour last session, than in any words of
my own, that I beg to refer you to that, and enclose it with the other papers, with that view."

MDioc. JCB.

In the Maryland Gazette (or Oct. 31, 1765, is printed a letter, the writer of which orders a dozen copies of the

Considerations." The publisher, Jonas Green, adds this note: "The first impression of, Considerations on the

Propriety of imposing Taxes on the British Colonies, for the Purpose of Raising a Revenue, by Act of Parliament,

being nearly all Sold, a Second is now in the Press, and will be published in a few Days." This announcement

must refer to the following title:

I British Colonies,| for the Purpose of raising a Revenue, by | Act of Parliament. | — Haud

Totum Verba resignent | Quod latet arcana, non enarrabile, fibra. | The Second Edition. |

Annapolis: Printed and Sold by Jonas Green. 1765 [ [Price Two Shillings and Sixpence.]!

The collation of the Second Edition here entered is the same as that of the anonymously published edition

:d above, with the exception that the title-page has been reset, the ornamental initial of the Preface has been

langed and the head-piece and ornamental initial of page 5 have been changed. The similarity of these two

[224]

rints of the (Colonial Period, 1689-1776

editions "of Seven sheets Quarto, in Small-Pica", and the circumstances attending their announcement and pub-
lication are such that there can be no reasonable doubt that as Jonas Green was the confessed publisher of the
second, so was he the pseudonymous "North-American" who printed the first.
NYPL. HSP. LC. BA. _

There are two other editions of Daniel Dulany's "Considerations" which give as their place of publication
simply "North America", and each of these at various times has been confused with the first edition described
above. The most common of these is as follows:

8vo. [A]-F4; 24 leaves; pages [I-II], [i]-ii> 151-47, [48]; pp. [I]: title; pp. [i]-ii: The | Preface.) with head-piece
and at end the one word "Virginia" without date; pp. [51-41: text with head-piece and heading: Considerations,
&c.|; pp. 42-47: Appendix. |; p. 47: "Finis"; p. [48]: blank but in most copies has a slip pasted on it commending
the book.

Leaf measures: 8| x 5 inches. Type page, p. 6: 175 x 91 mm.

The printer and place of publication of this edition are unknown. It is the least rare of all the secretly printed
editions of the pamphlet, and it has been assumed to be the first edition by persons who must have been ignorant
of the existence of the small quarto edition ascribed above to the Annapolis press of Jonas Green. Good internal
evidence that this was one of the later editions, however, is found in the circumstance that throughout wherever
a Latin sentence or phrase is quoted, as on the title-page, it has been rendered into English. The punctuation too
is more profuse than in the Green editions. In general, of course, a copy containing additions to the text not in
another copy is presumably of later date and has been edited. One makes a suggestion as to printer and place of
publication of this edition with some hesitation, but such a suggestion may help to a solution. In the Pennsyl-
vania Gazette for Dec. 5 and 12, 1765, appeared advertisements of an edition of the "Considerations" for sale by
the printers in which the Latin couplet of the title was translated exactly as on the title-page given above. This
of course is not conclusive evidence that Franklin and Hall were the printers of this Edition, as they may simply
have been advertising the edition of another printer. Apparently not knowing of this advertisement, Hildeburn
leaves the question of a Philadelphia edition open, and in his Collection of Franklin Imprints in the Museum of the
Curtis Publishing Company. Phila. 1918, William J. Campbell follows Hildeburn.

Most copies of this edition seen by the compiler have a printed slip pasted on the blank page [48] which has
been identified by the Library of Congress as "containing extracts from the Newport Mercury of Feb. 17 and
March 3, 1766, relating to this pamphlet." (See printed Library of Congress card, 7-18396 Revised.)

A possible clue to identification which the compiler has not been able to follow to his satisfaction is typo-
graphical in its character, and is to be found in the peculiar form of the lower case "b", which has a flat serif ex-
tending entirely across the ascending stroke. This unusual letter is used throughout the pamphlet.

EPFL. LC. HSP. BA. _

A second unidentified "North America" edition is described as follows:

8vo. [A]-L4, M1; 45 leaves; pages [i]-9O; p. [i]: title,-verso blank; pp. 3-5: "Preface", with head-piece, and
"Virginia, August 12, 1765" at end; p. 6: blank; pp. 7-78: text, with head-piece and heading, "Considerations,
&c."; pp. 79-90: "Appendix.", with head-piece; p. 90: "The End"; tail-piece; remaining leaves cut away by
original binder.

The compiler knows of only one copy of this edition; namely, that which was purchased by a descendant of
the Dulany family, Mrs. W. Howard White, of Baltimore, at the sale of the late Dr. Ridgely B. Warfield's library,
Baltimore 1920. This edition also bears internal evidence of being a later edition than that which has been de-
scribed here as the first, inasmuch as on page 32, appended to the note which begins "It is asserted in the pam-
phlet, entitled, The Claim of the Colonies, &c.", there is an "N. B." in which an unknown editor comments at

[225]

*A History of Printing in Colonial <3&ary land

some length on a feature of the case as regards Maryland which had been left unnoticed by "the Excellent author
of this pamphlet" (Italics not in original.)

In addition to the four editions described above there exist also the New York edition of 1765 (Evans, No.
9958), the Boston edition of [1765] (Evans, No. 9959), and the two London editions of 1 766, printed by J. Almon,
the second of which was in a collection of pamphlets, and in the general table of contents was ascribed to "Mr.
Dulaney of Maryland." The Maryland Historical Magazine, 6: 374-406 and 7: 26-59 reprinted the "Considera-
tions," using the edition described in No. 257 under the impression that it was the first edition.

259. GREAT BRITAIN. Anno Regni | Georgii III.| Regis | Magnae Britanniae, Franciae &
Hiberniae,| Quinto.| At the Parliament begun and holden at Westminster, the Nine-]
teenth Day of May, Anno Dom. 1761, in the First Year of | the Reign of Our Sovereign
Lord George the Third,] by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland,)
King, Defender of the Faith, &c.| and from thence continued by several Prorogations to
the Tenth Day of | January, 1765, being the Fourth Session of the Twelfth Parliament of
| Great Britain.) London:] Printed by Mark Baskett, Printer to the King's Most Excellent
Majesty;! and by the Assigns of Robert Baskett, 1765.] Maryland:) Re-printed by Jonas
Green, Printer to the Province;) and to be Sold at his Printing-Ofeice, [sic] in Annapolis.)

Fol. i preliminary leaf, A-D2; 9 leaves; pages [i-ii], [i]-!5, [16]; p. [i]: title; pp. [i]-i5: text, with heading,
"Anno Quinto Georgii III. Regis".

Leaf measures: 12^ x 7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 246 x 121 mm.

Aug. i, 1765, in the Maryland Gazette, Green announces that he has "Just Reprinted The ..... Stamp Act
....", and further advertises them as to be had at his own office or of Mr. John Clapham at Oxford.

MDioc. MdHS.

260. The Maryland Gazette.] (Jan. 3-Oct. 10, 1765, Nos. 1026-1066 and supplements;
XX'.h-XXIst year.) [Colophon, Nos. 1026-1066 as in 911-919 of 1762; exceptions noted
below.]

14 x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number except No. 1029 which has one leaf, and colophon as in 920 and 921 of
1762.

Nos. 1041, 1052, 1056, 1064, 1065 have "Supplement" of one leaf each. No. 1066, Oct. loth, has the follow-
ing title:

uncertain

The Maryland Gazette,) Expiring:] In A Hopes of a Resurrection to Life again.|

Bore a skull and cross bones surmounted by legend "The fatal Stamp" in lower right hand corner of first
page.

No. 1066 had also the following "Supplements":

(ist Supplement)

A Supplement to the | Maryland Gazette, of last Week.| Annapolis, October 17, 1765.) [Colophon:] Annapo-
lis: Printed by Jo' as Green, at his Printing-Office in Charles-Street.]

13 J x 9 inches; 2 leaves; 3 columns; date line and colophon enclosed in heavy black rules.

(2d Supplement.)

Second Supplement to the Maryland | Gazette, of the Week before last.) Annapolis, October 24, 1765.] [Colo-
phon as in ist "Supplement"].

13 j x 9 inches; 2 leaves; 3 columns.

(3d Supplement.)

r^ |Th|rd and LaSt SuPPlement I to the | Maryland Gazette, of the Tenth Instant.] Annapolis, October 31, 1765.]
IColophon as in ist "Supplement"].

*3i x 9 inches; one leaf; 3 columns; heavy black rules throughout.
On [Dec. 10, 1765] appeared this issue:

late

An Apparition | of | the ^ Maryland Gazette,] which is not Dead, but only Sleepeth.) [Colophon:] Annap-
)lis: Printed by Jonas Green by whom Subscriptions are taken in at 12/6 per Year.|

[226]

cJftfo ryla nd Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

X3f x %? inches; 2 leaves; 3 columns.

For additional information as to this crisis in the life of the Maryland Gazette, see Isaiah Thomas, Evans,
Brigham, Chapter Seven of the foregoing narrative, and Scharf, J. T. History of Maryland, 1 : 541.
MDSL. LC. (incomplete). For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

Sm. 8vo. [A]-F4; 24 leaves; pages [1-4], 5-46, [47-48]; p. [i]: title; pp. [3-4]: The | Preface.|, dated at end,
"Tom's-Creek, February 12. 1765", tail-piece; pp. 5-46: text with head and tail-pieces, ornamental initial; p. 46:
"Finis"; pp. [47-48]: "Erratta" [sic].

Leaf measures: 6|J x 4 inches. Type page, p. 6: 138 x 88 mm.

Unique copy now in possession of Robert Garrett, Esq., of Baltimore. Reprinted in The First Book Printed
in Baltimore Town, Nicholas Hasselbach, Printer. By George W. McCreary, Baltimore 1903. See a further dis-
cussion of this book and its printer in Chapter Nine of the foregoing narrative.

1766

263. CHASE, SAMUEL. July i8th, 1766.) To the Publick.) I waited upon Mr. Jonas Green
the Printer of this Province, with the following Vindication of myself, from the Aspersions
of Messrs. Walter | Dulany, M. Macnemara, Geo. Steuart, John Brice and U. Scot; pub-
lished against me in the Maryland Gazette Extraordinary of June igth 1766,) but he re-
fused to give it a Place in his Paper; . . . [Baltimore: Printed by N. Hasselbach. 1766.]?

Broadside. Size uncertain. Only known copy cut in pieces and pasted in vol. 1766-67 of the Maryland Gazette
in MDSL. Is in columns and crudely printed.

Refers to quarrel about local Annapolis affairs and is signed "Samuel Chase", Annapolis, July 16, 1766. Un-
derneath in long hand is statement "This was not printed by J. Green," probably in the hand-writing of one of
Green's family, as this volume was part of the office file of the Maryland Gazette. If not printed by Green, then
it is likely to have come from a Baltimore or Philadelphia press. It is subscribed July 16, 1766 and dated at the
head July 18, 1766. If the first date be that of its writing (see Mary land Gazette for July 17, 1766, in which under
date of July 16, 1766, Chase announces that he will soon have his hand-bills ready), and the second date be that
of its publication, there would hardly have been time for the Ms. to have been sent to Philadelphia and put into
type. Hasselbach was, it is believed, operating a press in Baltimore at this time. Evans, No. 10253, suggests
William Rind of Williamsburg as the printer, but the conflict between time and distance is even more difficult to
reconcile in the case of Williamsburg than of Philadelphia.

MDSL.

264. County, ss. March 1766. Whereas the shutting up all the Public Offices
of this Province, since the first day of November last, is an Obstruction to Justice, injuri-
ous to | . . . [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1766.]

Broadside. 4! x 13! inches.

Calls on the principal gentlemen of each county to repair to Annapolis to compel the officials to open their
offices and proceed to conduct their business without stamped paper.
NYHS.

Fol. [A]-K2; 20 leaves; pages [1-3], 4-40; p. [i]: title; pp. [31-40: text with head-piece and heading, same word-
ing as title, and salutation "Dear Sir"; p. 40: at conclusion of text, "Yours, &c." and "Annapolis, Dec. 30, 1765",
note and one line of errata.

[227}

<iA ffir/0ry of Printing in Colonial sJtCary land

Leaf measures: I2| x yf inches. Type page, p. 4: 242 x 144 mm.

Advertised in Maryland Gazette May i, 1766, as "just published." Dulany, champion of the colonists in his
Stamp Act pamphlet, see 1765, here takes the Proprietary's side in the contention between him and the Lower
House of Maryland. Attacked bitterly by the "Patriot" party for this and other unpopular, but conscientious
utterances, he was driven into a position of opposition to the popular cause, and his services lost to the Ameri-
cans in the Revolution a few years later. The following reference to the pamphlet determines its authorship:
Gov. Sharpe to Lord Baltimore, 15 May 1766, Archives of Maryland, 14: 304, writes: "In order to shew the un-
reasonableness of the Lower House in making such a Point & to satisfy the minds of such as questioned your
Ldp's Right Mr. Dulany & Mr. Ridout after an end was put to the Session resolved to examine into & communi-
cate to the publick whatever Discoveries they could make relative to the Shilling pr. Hhd payable on Tobo ex-
ported, the Tonnage Duty & Fines & Forfeitures & the same hath been since done in a Pamphlet that Mr.
Dulany with my Approbation sent to the Press of which I shall now transmit your Ldp a Copy. Whether it will
entirely answer the end of printing it I cannot yet tell as it was not published till about three Weeks ago . . ."

MDSL. LC. MDioc. MdHS.

266. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Council Proceedings,! from loth of May 1756, to the nth
Nov. 1764.1 [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.
I766.|

Sm. fol. a-b2; 4 leaves; pages Ji], 2-6, [7], [8]; pp. [i]-6: text, with heading as above; p. [7]: text, with second
heading, Council Proceedings,! From 151(1 December 1764, to 3ist October 1765.!; p. (8): text, with heading,
The Public Debtor to the Clerk of the Council.|, colophon.

Leaf measures: 1 1 ft x 7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 228 x 145 mm.

On May 14, 1766, Green was brought to the bar of the Lower House and there admonished for his failure to
print the above financial statement of the Clerk of the Council with the V. & P. for Nov. 1765, and ordered to
print them with the V. & P. of the present session. Publication advertised in Maryland Gazette for Sept. 1 1, 1766.

MdHS. LC.

267. — Laws | of | Maryland,! made and passed | at | Two Sessions of Assembly,) begun and
held at the City of Annapolis, on Monday the 2jd Day | of September: and | on Friday the
First Day of November; in the Fifteenth Year of | the Dominion of the Right Honourable
Frederick, Lord | Baron of Baltimore, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Pro-| vinces
of Maryland and Avalon, &c. Annoque Domini, 1765.] Published by Authority.! [Provin-
cial Arms] Annapolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province. | [1766.]

Fol.^i preliminary leaf, Kkkk-Tttt2, Uuuu1; 22 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf: title.-verso
blank; Kkkki recto: text of single act of September session, with session heading; Kkkki recto-Uuuui recto: text
of acts of November session, with session heading, first act numbered "Chap. II", running heads; Uuuui verso:
contents.

Leaf measures: 14^ x 9^ inches. Type page, p. Kkkki verso: 270 x 147 mm.

Green continues here the signature sequence of Bacon's Laws of Maryland, published this year probably,
though dated 1765. The cut of the Provincial Arms on this title-page, was not the one engraved for the Bacon
by T. Sparrow anr1 used for several ensuing years on editions of session laws.

MDioc. MDSL. BBL. LC. NYPL.

268. — Laws | of | Maryland,) enacted | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held at the |
City of Annapolis, on Friday the 9th Day of May,| in the i6th Year of the Dominion of
the Right | Honourable Frederick, Absolute Lord and Pro-| prietary of the Provinces of
Maryland and Aval'jn,| Lord Baron of Baltimore, &c. and ended the 27th | Day of May,
Anno Domini 1766.! Published by Authority.) [Provincial arms, T. Sparrow, sculp.] An-
napolis:] Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.) MDCCLXVI.|

Fol. i preliminary leaf, Xxxx-Zzzz2, Aaaaa1; 8 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf: title.-verso blank;
Xxxxi recto-Aaaaai recto: text, with session heading, running heads; Aaaaai verso: contents.
Leaf measures: I4f x 9! inches. Type page, p. Xxxxi verso: 274 x 148 mm.
Signature sequence in continuation of Acts of preceding session.
MDioc. MDSL. LC. NYPL. HLS. SLM.

[228]

^Maryland Imprints of the (Colonial Period, l68g-IJj6

*Sm. fol. A-C2; 6 leaves; pp. [i]-i2: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of seven lines
and running heads.

Leaf measures: nj x yj inches. Type page, p. 2: 237 x 143 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. LC. NYPL.

*Sm. fol. Pagination and signatures continuous with V. & P. of September session 1765; D-X2, Y1; 37 leaves;
pp. [I3J-86: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of six lines and running heads. [Second title,
coming after colophon, with separate pagination and signatures but without imprint:] Pursuant to an Order of
the Honourable House | of Representatives, of the 7th of December,] the following Bill, which was then brought |
in to the House, and referred to the Con-| sideration of next Session of Assembly, is | here annexed, for the Pe-
rusal of the Inha-| habitants [sic] of this Province, viz.] An Act to enable the Proprietors of inspected Tobacco,|
to remove the same from the inspecting Houses, to | other Warehouses, convenient for the lading thereof | on
board Vessels for Exportation.) a2, b1, 3 leaves; pp. [i]-6: text, with heading as above.

Leaf measures, EI: n| x yH inches. Type page, p. 14: 236 x 145 mm.

MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. NYPL. LC. (lacks second title).

271. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) May Session, 1766.! Being the Third Session of this Assembly.) (9 May-27
May, 1766). [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, Printer to the Province.)
[1766.]

*Sm. fol. Pagination and signatures continuous with V. & P. of November session 1765, excluding second
title attached to that edition; Z2, Aa-Dd2; 10 leaves; pp. [871-106: text, with head-piece, heading as above, ses-
sion heading of seven lines and running heads.

Leaf measures: nH * ?f inches. Type page, p. 88: 236 x 145 mm.

MdHS. LC.

272. The Maryland Gazette,) Reviving.) (Jan. 30, 1766, Feb. 20, 1766-Dec. 26, 1766,
[XXIst-XXIId Year.] Nos. 1067-1111.) [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green,
at his Printing-Office, in Charles-Street: where all | Persons may be supplied with this
Gazette, at 12/6 a Year; and Advertisements of a moderate | Length are inserted for 53.
the First Week, and is. each Time after: And long Ones in Proportion.)

14 x 9! inches; 2 leaves each, except No. 1 1 1 1 which has one leaf. Issues discontinued from Jan. 30, 1766, No.
1067, until Feb. 2oth which appeared with this title and heading:

The Maryland Gazette,] Revived.| [XXIst Year.] Thursday, February 20, 1766. [No. 1068.] |

Then on March 6th appeared: The Maryland Gazette.], without modification.

On May 8th was issued in two leaves: The Maryland Gazette,] Extraordinary.] Annapolis, May 8, 1766.]

On June igthwas issued in one leaf: The Maryland Gazette Extraordinary.] Annapolis, June 19, 1766.] [Colo-
phon:] Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green, at his Old Printing-Office in Charles-Street.]

Nos. 1077 and 1080 have "Supplement" of one leaf each.

MDSL. (complete). LC. (incomplete). For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

273. Proceedings | of the | Congress | at | New- York.) [Colophon:] Annapolis:) Printed by
Jonas Green, Printer to the Province. MDCCLXVI.)

Sm. fol. A-G2; 14 leaves; pages [i]-28: text, with head-piece and heading as above, running heads.

[229]

zA History of Printing in (Colonial ^fCary land

Leaf measures: 11^x7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 230 x 144 mm.

This was the Maryland edition of the proceedings of the Stamp Act Congress, Oct. 7-25, 1765. Its publica-
tion was advertised in Maryland Gazette for Sept. 1 1, 1766.
MdHS. LC.

274. The Proceedings of the Sons | of Liberty, March I, 1766.] The Sons of Liberty of
Baltimore County and Anne-Arundel | County, met at the Court-House of the City of
Annapolis, the | first Day of March 1766.) . . . [Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green. 1766.]

Broadside. 13! x 8J inches.

Relates to the forming of "Sons of Liberty" organizations in other counties to oppose the Stamp Act, and
calls a general meeting for March 31, 1766.
NYHS.

1767

275. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws | of | Maryland,! made and passed | at a | Session of
Assembly,] begun and held at the City of Annapolis, on Saturday the | First Day of No-
vember, in the Sixteenth Year of the Do-| minion of the Right Honourable Frederick, Abso-
lute 1 Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and | Avalon, Lord Baron of
Baltimore, &c. and ended the | Sixth Day of December, Anno Domini, 1766.! Published
by Authority.) [Provincial arms, T. Sparrow, sculp.] Annapolis:| Printed by Jonas Green,
Printer to the Province. | [1767].

Fol. i preliminary leaf, Bbbbb-Lllll2, I supplementary leaf; 22 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf:
title,-verso blank; Bbbbbi recto-LJllla verso: text, with session heading, running heads; supplementary leaf recto:
contents,-verso blank.

Leaf measures: 14^ x 9^ inches. Type page, p. Ccccci recto: 272 x 143 mm.

Signature sequence in continuation of No. 268.

No copy of the V. & P. for this Session has been recorded.

MDioc. MdHS. MDSL. NYPL. LC. SLM.

[The Maryland Almanack, for the year 1767. Annapolis: Printed by Jonas Green.
1767.]

In the Maryland Gazette for Feb. 5, 1767, appears this notice: "To-morrow morning will be Published;
Another Edition of the Maryland Almanack. Price Eight Coppers single, or 55. a Dozen."

276. [The Maryland Almanack, for the Year 1768. Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catherine
Green. 1767.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Dec. 24, 1767, as "Lately Published."

2*77. The Maryland Gazette.! (Jan- i-Dec. 31, 1767, Nos. 1112-1164; beginning with Aug.
2oth, change in heading from XXIId to XXIIId Year.) [Colophon, Nos. 1 1 12-1 126; same
as in year 1766.]

14 x 9 inches; 2 leaves each number except Nos. 1113, 1114 and 1163 which have one each; three columns.

Nos. 1121, 1135, 1137, 1139, n45 have "Supplement" of one leaf each.

The following changes occurred in colophons:

Nos. 1 1 13 and 1 1 14 had: Annapolis. Printed by Jonas Green, at his Printing-Office, in Charles-Street.]

After the death of Jonas Green on April nth, beginning with issue of April 1 6th, the colophon read: Annapo-
lis: Printed by Anne Cath .rine Green, at the Printing-Office: where all |, [etc. as in 1766.] With the issue of Nov.
5, 1767. Nos. 1756 to 1164: Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catherine Green, at the Printing-Office: where all Per-|
sons may be supplied with this Gazette, at I2s. 6d. a Year; Advertisements, of a moderate Length,] are inserted
the First Time, for 53. and is. for each Week's Continuance. Long Ones in Proportion to their | Number of Lines.
At same Place may be had, ready Printed, most kinds of Blanks, viz. Common and | Bail Bonds; Testamentary
tters of several sorts, with their proper Bonds annexed; Bills of | Exchange; Shipping-Bills, &c. &c. All Man-
ner of Printing- Work performed in the neatest and | most expeditious Manner, on applying as above.|

See Plate Xb for new title arrangement, adopted July 9, 1767.

MDSL. (complete). LC. (incomplete).

[230]

rints of the Colonial 'Period, 1689-

1768

278. [ALLEN, BENNET. Advertisement.l Baltimore: Printed by Nicholas Hasselbach. (?)

1768.]

No copy known. Reprinted in Maryland Gazette for Sept. 22, 1768, where, as also on Sept. 29, 1768, it is spe-
cifically stated that it was printed in Baltimore. There is no evidence that any other printer was living in Balti-
more in 1768 except Hasselbach, and indeed the evidence herein contained that printing was being done in Balti-
more in 1768 is the only existing indication that Hasselbach or any other printer was active there at that time,
although it is known traditionally that Hasselbach lived until 1769.

This broadside, a reply to that issued by William Green on May 28, (below, No. 280) was an attack on the
Greens, Anne Catharine and William, for their refusal to print more of Allen's letters under the pseudonym "The
Bystander," unless he should disclose his identity. This Allen refused to do, although he was willing to indemnify
them against suit for libel. He alleged that the Greens were under such obligations to the Dulanys that they
feared to incur the displeasure of that family by publishing matter which was distasteful to them. The Greens
were ably defended by Mrs. Green's son-in-law, John Clapham, in Maryland Gazette for Sept. 22, 1768. Allen was
abusive, the Greens conducted their cause with reticence and dignity.

279. ALLEN, BENNET. To the | Public.| November 9, 1768.! Mr. Wolstenholme having, in
his Hand-Bill of this Day, vindicated his Conduct | . . . [signed, Bennet Allen, and has
below a note asserting that two hand-bills by him on this subject had preceded this one.]
[Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine and William Green. 1768.]

Broadside. 17! x loj inches.

Among those who were forward in contesting Mr. Allen's attempt at ecclesiastical pluralism was Mr. Walter
Dulany, between whom and Allen a newspaper controversy was carried on in the columns of the Maryland Ga-
zette in the spring of 1768, Mr. Dulany signing his articles "C. D.", Parson Allen pretending to conceal his iden-
tity behind "The Bystander." The controversy was carried on at first with common sense and righteous indigna-
tion by Dulany and with remarkable learning and impudence by Allen. Degenerating into invective, especially
on Allen's part, the Greens eventually had refused to print more of it except under conditions noted below, entry
No. 280. Feeling became so warm between Dulany and Allen that on Sunday, Nov. 6, 1768, these two met in
Annapolis and after high words proceeded to cudgel play. Dulany wrested Allen's cane from him and gave it
into the keeping of Mr. Daniel Wolstenholme. Immediately after the encounter, Allen published two handbills,
as he says in a footnote to the above broadside, reflecting on Wolstenholme's part in the affair, and these were
replied to by Wolstenholme in the broadside noted below, No. 288. The item here described is Allen's reply to
Wolstenholme's broadside and contains his own version of the altercation.

The story of this brilliant clerical profligate has never been fully written. Ample material exists for it in the
Sharpe Correspondence; in the Maryland Gazette for the spring and fall of 1768; in the "Gilmor Papers" and the
"Dulany Papers" in the Maryland Historical Society; in Allen, St. Ann's Parish; in the "Letters of Jonathan
Boucher" in vols. 7-9 of the Maryland Historical Magazine; and in Allen's own pamphlet, printed by William
Goddard of Philadelphia in 1768, entitled An Address to the Vestrymen, Churc h-Wardens, and Parishoners of All-
Saints, in Frederick County, Maryland, a copy of which is in the Gilmor Papers.

It should be said that the Dulanys later had cause to regret whatever victories they had obtained over Allen.
In London in 1782, Allen avowed himself the author of an attack on Daniel Dulany, Jr. which had appeared some
time before in an English journal. Lloyd Dulany, the younger brother of Walter and Daniel, challenged the de-
tractor of his brother to a meeting on the field of honor. Dulany was killed; Allen plead his "clergy" and was
acquitted of the charge of manslaughter which was brought against him.

MdHS. (in Gilmor Papers).

280. GREEN, WILLIAM. To the Public.) Annapolis, May 28, 1768.) Whereas a Controversy
has been published in the Gazette, for | a considerable Time, betwixt a certain Gentleman,
who calls | himself a Bystander, and his Opponents, . . . [Annapolis: Printed by Anne
Catharine and William Green. 1768.]

Broadside, iif x 7$ inches.

First paragraph signed "The Printers"; second, unsigned; third and last signed "William Green." Refers to
the demand made by the Greens upon the Rev. Bennet Allen (The Bystander) either to disclose his identity or
to indemnify them against suit for libel by Walter Dulany (C. D.), the other principal in the controversy, whom
Allen had begun to attack on personal grounds. See Nos. 278 and 279.

MdHS. (Gilmor Papers).

<>A History of Printing in Colonial *3tfary land

281. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Acts of Assembly, to compleat Bacon's Laws to this time.
Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green, 1768.]

Evans, No. 10953, gives this title but does not locate a copy. On Dec. 8, 1768, the following advertisement
appeared in the Maryland Gazette: "A few Acts of Assembly, to compleat Bacon's Laws, to this Time, may be
had at the Printing-Office, if applied for soon." The above title must have been taken from this advertisement,
which doubtless did not refer to a single book, a compilation of the laws since 1763, but to sets of annual session
laws remaining in the printer's stock and now offered for sale. The signatures and pagination of these issues ran
in continuation of those of Bacon's Laws, so that they might well have been said to bring that compilation up
to date, but there is no evidence that they were issued as compiled laws with a title-page as given above.

282. — Laws | of | Maryland,! made and passed | at a | Session of Assembly,] begun and
held at the City of Annapolis, on Tuesday the | Twenty-fourth Day of May, in the Eight-
eenth Year of the Do-| minion of the Right Honourable Frederick, Absolute | Lord and
Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and | Avalon, Lord Baron of Baltimore, &c. and
ended the | Twenty-second Day of June, Anno Domini, 1768.) Published by Authority.)
[Provincial arms, T. Sparrow, sculp.] Annapolis:) Printed by Anne Catharine Green,
Printer to the Province.) [1768].

Fol. i preliminary leaf, Mmmmm-Zzzzz2, 6A1; 26 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf: title.-verso
blank; Mmmmmi recto-6Ai verso: text, with session heading and running heads; 6Ai verso: contents.
Leaf measures: 13! x 8$ inches. Type page, p. Mmmmm i verso: 270 x 143 mm.
No copy of the V. & P. for this Session has been recorded.
MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. NYPL. LC. (imp.) SLM.

283. [The Maryland Almanack, For the Year 1769, Containing many instructive and en-
tertaining Pieces, both in Prose and Verse; together with Receipts for the Cure of different
Disorders incident to this climate, &c. Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine and William
Green. 1768.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in the Maryland Gazette for Oct. 13, 1768, as "Now in the Press," and in the
"Supplement to the Maryland Gazette" for October 20, 1768, as "Just Published." The advertisement as given
above has the following addition: "We have added a Sheet extraordinary this Year, for the Benefit of our Cus-
tomers only, as we shall dispose of them at the usual Price of 53. per Dozen, or 8 Coppers single."

284. The | Maryland Gazette.! (Jan- 7-Dec. 29, 1768, Nos. 1165-1216; beginning with Aug.
25th, change in heading from XXIIId to XXIVth Year.) [Colophon as in numbers 1 156 to
1164 of 1767, except that beginning Jan. 7, 1768, the printers were Anne Catherine and
William Green, and beginning Jan. 28, Mrs. Green altered the spelling of her middle name
"Catherine" to "Catharine."]

*4t x 91 inches; three columns; two leaves each number except Nos. 1 166 and 1215 which have one each.
Nos. 1 184 and n86have "Supplement" of one leaf each. No. 1206 has a "Supplement" of two leaves.
See Plate Xb f >r arrangement of title.
MDSL. (complete). MdHS. (scattered issues).

285. To His Excellency ) Horatio Sharpe, Esq;| Governor and Commander in Chief in and
over the Province of Maryland, and, | to the Honourable the | Upper and Lower Houses of
Assembly | of the said Province:) The Petition of the Subscribers, Inhabitants of Baltimore
County,) Humbly Sheweth,) . . . [Baltimore: Printed by Nicholas Hasselbach. 1768.]?

Fol. 2 leaves; p. [i]: petition, with heading as above; pp. [2, 3 and 4] : blank, for signatures; ornamental initial.

Leaf measures: 17$ x n| inches.

Concerns the removal of county seat from Joppa to Baltimore Town. A ms. affidavit attached to one of the
several copies with signatures in the Maryland Historical Society asserts that these petitions had been posted
at certain places named between Jan. n and Jan. 25, 1768. For a discussion of the possibilities of this, and the
two following broadsides, having been printed by Hasselbach, see foregoing narrative, Chapter Nine.

MdHS.

<3xCaryla nd Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

286. To His Excellency | Horatio Sharpe, Esquire,) Governor and Commander in Chief
in and over the Province of Maryland: and,| to the Honourable the | Upper and Lower
Houses of Assembly of the said Province:) The Petition of the Subscribers, Inhabitants of
Baltimore County,) Humbly Sheweth,) . . . [Baltimore: Printed by Nicholas Hassel-
bach. 1768]?

Broadside. 2oi x 15$ inches.

Another form of the petition relating to the removal of the Court house from Joppa to Baltimore Town. See
foregoing narrative, Chapter Nine.
MdHS.

287. To His Excellency | Horatio Sharpe, Esquire,) Governor and Commander in Chief
in and over the Province of Maryland,) and,| to the Honorable the | Upper and Lower
Houses of Assembly | of the said Province:) The Petition of the Subscribers, Inhabitants
of Baltimore County,) Humbly Sheweth,) . . . [Second heading in German, as follows:]
An Seine Excellenz | Horatio Scharpe, Esqueir,) Guvernoer und Oberst-Befehlshaber in
und ueber die Provinz Maryland,) und | an die Groszachtbaren | Obere und Untere Haeuser
der Assembly | der besagten Provinz:) Die Bittschrift der Unterschriebenen, Einwohner
von Baltimore County,) Welche demuethig anzeiget,) . . . [Baltimore: Printed by Nich-
olas Hasselbach. 1768]?

Fol. 2 leaves; p. [1-2]: petition with headings as above and text in English and German; part of p. [2] and all
of pp. [3 and 4]: blank, for signatures.

Leaf measures: 17! x n inches.

If this petition was printed in Baltimore, it was the first piece of printing done in Maryland in the German
language and type. Thomas says that Hasselbach was equipped to print in German. It is the third form of the
petition for the removal of the court house from Joppa to Baltimore Town. See foregoing narrative, Chapter
Nine.

MdHS.

288. WOLSTENHOLME, DANIEL. To the | Public.) As Mr. Allen, in two Hand-Bills, which
he has caused to be distributed about the Town, has en-| deavoured to bring me in as a
Principal, in the Affair of a little Skirmish, which happened betwixt | Mr. Walter Dulany,
and himself, on Sunday last, . . . [Concludes with affidavit dated Nov. 9, 1768, sworn to
by Daniel Wolstenholme before Reverdy Ghiselin.] [Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catha-
rine and William Green. 1768.]

Broadside. 17^ x lof inches.
See Allen's reply above, No. 279.
MdHS. (Gilmor Papers).

1769

289. ANNAPOLIS, (MARYLAND) CITY OF. Annapolis, (in Maryland) June 22, 1769.) We, the
Subscribers, his Majesty's loyal | and dutiful Subjects, the Merchants,) Traders, Free-
holders, Mechanics, and other Inhabitants of the Pro-) vince of Maryland, seriously con-
sidering the present State and Condition of | the Province, . . . [Annapolis: Printed by
Anne Catharine and William Green. 1769.]

Fol. 2 leaves; pages [i], 2-3, [4]; p. [4]: blank.

Leaf measures: 14^$ x 8 inches. Type page, p. [i]: 294 x 163 mm.

Non-importation agreement, signed by Robert Lloyd, and forty-two others.

MdHS.

290. — Annapolis, May 23, 1769.) Sir,) Yesterday there was a Meeting of a considerable
Num-| ber of the principal Inhabitants of this County, when the | Plan of an Association

*A History of Printing in (Colonial ^Cary land

was formed, a Copy whereof we inclose you,| which is expected to be signed very generally
by every Degree of the | People here. . . . [Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine and
William Green. 1769.]

Broadside. I2§ x 7! inches.

Relates to the adoption of the Non-importation agreement.

MdHS.

8vo. [A]-F4, G2; 16 leaves; pages [1-3], 4-12, [i]-4O; p. [ij: title; pp. [3]-!!: The | Charter | Granted by her late
Majesty | Queen Anne | to the City of | Annapolis | Anno 1708.); pp. [i]-7, in second pagination: text of the three
Acts of Assembly relating to Annapolis in 1708, 1718 and 1725, each with tide of act as heading; pp. [8]-4O: text
of twenty-one bye-laws of the Corporation of Annapolis.

Leaf measures, title-page: 8| x 5^ inches (Irregularity in width of leaves throughout.) Type page, p. 4: 165
x 92 mm.

In Maryland Gazette for Jan. 12, 1769, appeared "(This Day is Published,! Price 3 s. 9 d. And to be sold by
Mr. Edward Ford, Clerk of the Mayor's Court, 'The Bye-Laws' . . .", (as in next entry). The press work and
composition of this book is particularly neat, but the great irregularity in the sizes of the leaves takes away some-
what from the beauty of the production as a whole. See Plate VIII for a photographic reproduction of the title-
page.

MDHS. (An imperfect copy is owned by Ruxton M. Ridgely, Esq. of Baltimore.)

292. [The Bye-Laws of the Corporation of the City of Annapolis: — to which is prefixed the
Charter and Acts of Assembly, relative to said City. Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catha-
rine and William Green at the Printing-OfBce. 1769.]

Evans, No. 11156, gives this title but does not locate a copy. It is likely that this is simply the advertisement
of the book described in No. 291, for it was in exactly these words that its publication was announced in the
Maryland Gazette for Jan. 12, 1769.

293. [The Maryland Almanack, For the Year 1770. Containing many instructive and en-
tertaining Pieces, both in Prose and Verse; together with Receipts for the Cure of different
Disorders incident to this climate, &c. Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine and William
Green. 1769.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Oct. 26, 1769, as "Just Published," and the "Price, as
usual, 53. per Dozen, or Eight Coppers single."

294. The | Maryland Gazette.] (Jan. 5-Dec. 28, 1769, Nos. 1217 to 1268; beginning with
Aug. 31, change in heading from XXI Vth to XXVth Year.) [Colophon, as in year 1768.]

*5* x 9i inches; 2 leaves each number except Nos. 1220 and 1268 which have one each; three columns.

Nos. 1235 and 1236 have "Supplement" of one leaf each.

No. 1268 has colophon: Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine and William Green.]

See Plate Xb for arrangement of title.

MDSL. (complete). Fjr location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

1770

MDCCLXX.j

Sm. 410. [A]-C4; 12 leaves; pages [1-3], 4-22, [23-24]; p. [i]: title; pp. [3J-i6: text, with heading, To the |

[234]

<Mary land Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

Church of England Planter.|; p. 16, at end: "A Constitutionalist."; pp. 17-22: "Postscript"; p. 22: "Finis.";
last leaf pp. [23-24] is blank but genuine.

Leaf measures: 8^5 x 6J inches. Type page, p. 4: 161 x 125 mm.

MDioc. MdHS. (Gilmor Papers.)

296. [The Contract; being a concise and impartial Account of a late Dispute between a
Captain of a Ship, and a certain exotick Planter: also several curious interesting and enter-
taining Anecdotes, with a Frontispiece ... By a Buckskin. [Ten lines of verse.] Annapo-
lis: Printed by Anne Catharine and William Green. 1770.]

No copy located. Evans, No. 1 161 1. Advertised as above in Maryland Gazette for May 31, 1770, as "Speedily
will be Published," with the following note: "N. B. Subscriptions are taken in by Solomon Mackery Barrot,
Esq; at Talbot County Court-House."

297. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. An Act for emitting Bills of Credit, and other Purposes
therein mentioned. Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green. 1770.]

No copy located. Evans, No. 11717. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Mch. 15, 1770. This act is Chapter
XIV of session laws described below in No. 298.

298. — Laws | of | Maryland,] made and passed | at a | Session of Assembly,) begun and
held at the City of Annapolis, on Friday the Se-| venteenth Day of November, in the Nine-
teenth Year of the | Dominion of the Right Honourable Frederick, absolute | Lord and
Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and | Avalon, Lord Baron of Baltimore, &c.
and ended the | Twentieth Day of December, Anno Domini, 1769.) Published by Authority.
| [Provincial arms, T. Sparrow, sculp.] Annapolis:] Printed by Anne Catharine Green,
Printer to the Province.] [1770.]

Fol. I preliminary leaf, 6 B-K 62; 19 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf: title,-verso blank; 6 Bi
recto-K 61 verso: text, with session heading, running heads; K 62 recto: blank; K 62 verso: contents.
Leaf measures: 13$ x 8 J inches. Type page, p. 6 Ci recto: 273 x 144 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. LC. NYPL. HLS. SLM. BM.

Sm. 4to. A-E4, F2; 22 leaves; pages [I-IV], i-xii, i-[28]; p. [I]: title; p. [Ill]: "To the Inhabitants," etc.; pp.
i-xii: preliminary matter relating to Non-importation agreement; pp. 1-21 : text of the inquiry; pp. 22-27: "The
Queries".

Leaf measures: 7! x 6 inches. Type page, p. ii: 153 x 130 mm.

Under the impression that the copy of this pamphlet in the Public Record Office was unique, Mr. Richard
D. Fisher had a transcript made of it and reprinted the entire work in three succeeding issues of the Maryland
Historical Magazine, vol. 3, beginning on pages 141, 240 and 342. In the same volume p. 386, is a note by Mr.
Fisher on the "Proceedings," and in vol. 16, No. i, Mch. 1921, pp. 60-62, has been reprinted from the Mary-
land Gazette a protest in which certain members of the committee disclaim the pamphlet "as being the Proceed-
ings of the Committee".

HU. PRO.

300. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.] November Session, 1769.] Being the second Session of this Assembly.] (17 No-
vember-2o December, 1769.) [Colophon:] Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green,
Printer to the Province.] [1770].

Fol. Tt2, lii-Lll2, Lll-Sss2; 24 leaves; pages [2071-253, [254]; pp. [2071-253: text, with head-piece, heading as
above and session heading of six lines; p. 253: colophon; p. 237 wrongly numbered 273.
Leaf measures: 13 x ~]\ inches. Type page, p. 208: 238 x 143 mm.
MDioc.

[235]

*A History of Printing in (^o Ionia I ^Cary land

301. [The Maryland Almanack, (for the Year 1771.) Containing Several instructive and
entertaining Pieces, both in Prose and Verse. Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine
Green. 1770.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette Nov. 8, 1770, as "Just Published," at "Eight Coppers
Single, or Five Shillings per Dozen."

302 The | Maryland Gazette.] (Jan. 4-Dec. 27, 1770, Nos. 1269 to 1320; beginning with
Aug. 23, change in heading from XXVth to XXVIth Year.) [Colophon as in year 1768,
except that in Nos. 1302-1320, issued after death of William Green in August, his name was
dropped from the colophon.]

15! * 9! inches; Nos. 1279-1286 measure 14! x 9} inches; Nos. 1287-1290 measure 12 x 7} inches; 2 leaves
each number, except Nos. 1271-1272, 1274, 1276, 1278 and 1320 which have one each; three columns.

No. 1316 has "Supplement" of 4 leaves of Assembly Proceedings. No. 1278 has colophon: Annapolis: Printed
by Anne Catharine and William Green. [Each of the numbers 1287-1290 has two columns only, and "Supplement"
of one leaf; their colophon reads: Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine and W. Green.)

See Plate Xb for title arrangement.

MDSL. (complete). For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

1771

303. [COCK.BURN, ROBERT. Poor Robert Improved: Being an Almanack and Ephemeris
For the Year of our Lord 1772. By Robert Cockburn, Teacher of the Mathematicks. An-
napolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green. 1771.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in the Maryland Gazette for Nov. 7, 1771, as "Just Published."

304. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. A | Bill,] entitled,] An Act to redress the Evils arising from
the Variation of the | Compass in surveying Lands.] [Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catha-
rine Green. 1771.]

Fol. 2 leaves without pagination; pages [1-4]; pp. [1-3]: text, with heading as above.

Leaf measures: 12^$ x 8^ inches. Type page, p. [2]: 270 x 141 mm.

On Oct. 31, 1770, (V. & P. Third Session p. 301) a bill (title as above) was read a second time and referred
for consideration on the second Tuesday of the next session. It was ordered also "That the Said Bill be immedi-
ately published in the Maryland Gazette, and that it be likewise printed in Hand Bills, and Four Copies thereof
delivered to each Member of the Upper and Lower Houses of Assembly." The V. & P. of the Third Session were
not published until after the conclusion of the Fourth Session, which followed it immediately, when the V. & P.
of both Sessions were issued together with four copies of the bill above described stitched to the book. The copy
in possession of J. Hall Pleasants, M. D. of Baltimore, is complete as issued, containing the V. & P. of both Ses-
sions with the four copies of the bill attached, the only examples of the bill known to the compiler. This bill did
not become law. It had been introduced in an earlier session, (see Maryland Gazette for Jan. 4, 1770, where it is
published for the nrst time). It was printed in the Maryland Gazette also for Dec. 13, 1770.

Pleasants.

305. — By the Lower House of Assembly, Nov. 30, 1771.] Ordered, that the Proceedings
upon the Conference, the Address to | the Governor upon the Subject of his Proclamation,
the Resolves there-] with sent, and the Governor's Answer thereto, be immediately printed
I separate from the Journal, and Four distinct Copies sent, in the same | Manner as pub-
lick Letters are sent, to each Person who is entitled to | receive the Votes and Proceedings
of this House.] Signed by Order,] John Duckett, Cl. Lo. Ho.| [Annapolis: Printed by Anne
Catharine Green. 1771.]

Fol. A-G2, H1; 15 leaves; pages [i]-3O: text of documents as named in title, with heading as above.
Leaf measures: I2j x 8£ inches. Type page, p. 3: 258 x 141 mm.
MDioc. LC.

rints of the (Colonial Period, l68g-IJj6

306. — Laws | of | Maryland,] made and passed | at two | Sessions of Assembly,) begun and
held at the City of Annapolis, on Tuesday the | Twenty-fifth Day of September: And | on
Tuesday the Sixth Day of November; in the Twentieth | Year of the Dominion of the Right
Honourable Frede-| rick, absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of | Maryland
and Avalon, Lord Baron of Baltimore, &c.| Annoque Domini 1770.) Published by Author-
ity.) [Provincial arms, T. Sparrow, sculp.] Annapolis:] Printed by Anne Catharine Green,
Printer to the Province.) [1771.]

Fol. i preliminary leaf, 6L-6R2, i supplementary leaf; 16 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf: title,-
verso blank; 6Li recto to 6Pi recto: text of September session, with session heading, running heads; 6Pi verso:
blank; 6P2 recto to recto of supplementary leaf: text of November session, with session heading, running heads;
verso of supplementary leaf: contents.

Leaf measures: 12} x jl inches. Type page, p. 6Li recto: 265 x 143 mm.

Signature sequence is continuation of acts of preceding session.

MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. LC. NYPL. HLS. SLM. BM.

307. — Maryland ss. By his excellency Robert Eden, esq. lieutenant general and chief
governor in and over the Province of Maryland. A Proclamation. [Regarding four several
Acts of Parliament to become operative within the Province. Dated, Annapolis, 26th
August, 1771.] [Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green. 1771.]

Broadside, fol.

Evans, No. 12110. (no copy located.)

308. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) September Session, 1770.) Being the Third Session of this Assembly.) (Sept.
25-Nov. 2, 1770.) [Colophon:] Annapolis:) Printed by Anne Catharine Green, Printer to
the Province.) [1771.]

Fol. Ttt-Zzz2; Aaaa-Hhhh2; 26 leaves; pp. [2551-305, [306]; pp. [2551-305: text with head-piece, heading as
above, session heading of six lines and running heads; p. 305: colophon.
Leaf measures: 13 x 8$ inches. Type page, p. 256: 261 x 143 mm.
See above, note to No. 304.
MDioc. MdHS. Pleasants.

309. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.) November Session, 1770.) Being the Fourth Session of this Assembly.) (Nov.
5-Nov. 21, 1770.) [Colophon:] Annapolis:) Printed by Anne Catharine Green, Printer to
the Province.) [1771.]

Fol. liii-Qqqq2, Rrrr1; 17 leaves; pp. [3071-340: text, with head-piece, heading as above, session heading of
six lines and running heads; p. 340: colophon.

Leaf measures: 12$ x 8J inches. Type page, p. 308: 257 x 142 mm.
See above, note to No. 304.
MDioc. MdHS. (imp.) Pleasants.

310. The | Maryland Gazette.) (Jan 3-Dec 26, 1771, Nos. 1321-1372; beginning with Aug.
22, change in heading from XXVIth to XXVIIth Year.) [Colophon as in Nos. 1302-1320
in year 1770, except Nos. 1360-1369, which have:] Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine
Green. |

15 j x 9! inches; 2 leaves each number; 3 columns.

No. 1360 has "Supplement" of one leaf.

See Plate Xb for title arrangement.

MDSL. (complete). For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

<iA History of Printing in Colonial *3£ary land

311. MAURY, JAMES. To | Christians of every Denomination among us, espe-| cially those
of the Established Church,] an | Address:] Enforcing | an Inquiry into the Grounds of the
Pretensions | of the Preachers, called Anabaptists, to an extraor-| dinary Mission from
Heaven to preach the Gospel;| Recommending | a Method, by which even the unlearned
may engage in and prosecute | that Inquiry, so as to satisfy themselves whether their Pre-
tensions be | admissible or not, on Scripture Principles;) and shewing,] that there is but
one Case, wherein the Members of the Established Church | can innocently separate from
her Communion; together with the Sin and | Danger of separating in any other Case.] By
the Reverend James Maury, A.M. late Rector of | Fredericksville, in the County of Albe-
marle.| I Thess. v. 20, 21. | Despise not Prophecyings — prove all Things — hold fast that
which is good.] Annapolis:] Printed by Anne Catharine Green,] MDCCLXXI.]

Sm. 410. [A]-L2, [M]1; 23 leaves; pages [1-3], 4-45, [46]; p. [i]: title.-vcrso: "Advertisement to the Reader";
pp. [31-45: text, with heading, To | Christians of Every Denomination | among us, &c.|; p. 45: "Finis".

Leaf measures: 8J x 6f inches. Type page, p. 4: 147 x 1 12 mm.

In the "Advertisement to the Reader" the anonymous editor remarks upon the recent death of Mr. Maury,
and asserts that this "Address" had been composed during the last illness of that active and faithful parish priest.

The Rev. James Maury, rector of Fredericksville Parish, Louisa and Albemarle Counties, Virginia, was born
April 8, 1718, the son of Mathew and Anne Fontaine Maury. He was ordained in England in 1742, and died in
his Virginia parish on June 9, 1769. He was the father of thirteen children and through them the progenitor of a
line distinguished among the Hugenot families of America. One of his grandsons was Matthew Fontaine Maury
whose book, The Physical Geography oj the Seas was said by Humboldt to have founded a new science, and which
gained for its writer the popular title the "Philosopher of the Seas." (William 13 Mary Coll. Quart. 10: 122; Col-
lections of Va. Hist. Soc., 5: 128; Maury, Ann. Memoirs of a Hugenot Family, N. Y. 1853).

One of the most celebrated trials of the validity of the Two-Penny Act, see No. 243, was that which resulted
when the Rev. James Maury sued his vestry for salary withheld under its provisions. Patrick Henry, then a
young man, rode into fame as attorney for the defendants in this case, and so successful was his conduct of it
that Mr. Maury was awarded damages of only one penny. An account of this trial may be read in Wirt, Life of
Patrick Henry; Meade, Old Churches, etc. 1 : 219-220; Hawks, Contributions to the Ecc. Hist, of the U. S.A.i: 122-
125, but above all in the letter which Mr. Maury wrote to the Rev. John Camm, Dec. 12, 1763, published in the
Memoirs of a Hugenot Family cited above.

The only recorded copy of Maury's work described above is that in MdHS., purchased in 1920 at the sale of
the library of the late Ridgely B. Warfield, M. D. of Baltimore.

1772

312. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Laws | of | Maryland,] made and passed | at a | Session of
Assembly,] begun and held at the City of Annapolis, on Wednesday the | Second Day of
October, in the Twenty-first Year of the | Dominion of the Right Honourable Frederick,
abso-| lute Lo^d and Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland | and Avalon, Lord Baron
of Baltimore, &c. Annoque | Domini 1771.] Published by Authority.] [Provincial arms, T.
Sparrow, sculp.] Annapolis:] Printed by Anne Catharine Green, Printer to the Province.]
[1772.]

Fol. i preliminary leaf, 6S-6Z2, 7A-7E2; 23 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf: title.-verso blank;
6Si recto-7E2 recto: text with session heading and running heads; "jE'i verso: contents.
Leaf measures: 133^ x 8J inches. Type page, p. 6Si verso: 267 x 139 mm.
MdHS. MDioc. BBL. MDSL. LC. NYPL. SLM.

3X3- — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland.] October Session, 1771.] Being the first Session of this Assembly.] (October 2-
November 30, 1771.) [Colophon:] Annapolis:] Printed by Anne Catharine Green, Printer
to the Province.] [1772]

[238]

<i3&ary land Imprints of the Colonial Period,

Fol. A-Y2, [Z]1; 45 leaves; pages 1-89, [90]: text, with heading as above, session heading of six lines and run-
ning heads; p. 89: colophon.

Leaf measures: 13^ x 8} inches. Type page, p. 2: 260 x 139 mm.
MdHS. BM.

314. [The Maryland Almanack and Ephemeris For the Year of our Lord 1773. Annapolis:
Printed by Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1772.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Dec. 3, 1772, as "Just Published."

315. The ( Maryland Gazette.] (Jan. 2-Dec. 31, 1772, Nos. 1373-1425; beginning with Aug.
27, change in heading from XXVIIth to XXVIIIth Year.) [Colophon as in Nos. 1302-1320
in 1770, except that at the beginning of this year Mrs. Green admitted her son Frederick
to partnership and the colophon read:] Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green and

15! x 9! inches; 2 leaves each number except No. 1379 which has one only; 3 columns.

Nos. 1405, 1414-1425 have colophon: Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green and Son.| Nos. 1412 and
1413 have no colophons; each may have had a "Supplement" bearing colophon but these are not in MDSL.
copies.

See Plate Xb for title arrangement.

MDSL. (lacks No. 1373, Jan. 2, 1772.) For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

'773

316. BALTIMORE COUNTY, (MARYLAND). Baltimore County, to wit. The Right Honourable
Henry Harford, Esquire, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the | Province of Maryland.
To | Greeting: Whereas by Petition | to our Justices of
Baltimore County Court ha set forth, that [Annapolis: Printed by
Anne Catharine Green. 1773.]

Broadside. 115x7! inches.

Form used in appointment of commissions to prove and perpetuate the boundaries of land.

MdHS.

317. [MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. An Act for the Relief of the Poor of Baltimore. November
Session, 1773. Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green. 1773.] ?

Evans, No. 12841, gives this title and imprint as above, but does not locate a copy. The title was probably
taken from the Boston Athenaeum Catalogue, p. 1882, where it occurs precisely as given as a short title entry of
a pamphlet of 24 pages which was issued without title-page. The first heading in this pamphlet accounts for only
pages i-io, and is as follows:

November 1773.! Chap. XXX.| An Act for the relief of the Poor within the County of Baltimore.|
The remainder of the pamphlet contains other poor laws of Baltimore City and County from 1773 to 1820.
Its typographical features also are of a much later date than that suggested for it by Mr. Evans. Copies of this
pamphlet are in the Boston Athenaeum and the Maryland Historical Society.

318. — Laws | of | Maryland,) made and passed | at a | Session of Assembly,! begun and
held at the City of Annapolis, on Tuesday the | Fifteenth Day of June, in the Second Year
of the Dominion | of the Right Honourable Henry Harford, Esq;| absolute Lord and Pro-
prietary of the Province of Maryland,] Annoque Domini 1773.! Published by Authority.)
[Provincial arms, T. Sparrow, sculp.] Annapolis:] Printed by Anne Catharine Green,
Printer to the Province.] [1773.]

Fol. i preliminary leaf, 7F-7K2, i supplementary leaf; 12 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf: title,-
verso blank; 7Fi recto-7K2 verso: text, with session heading and running heads; supplementary leaf, recto: con-
tents,-verso blank.

Leaf measures: 14^ x 9^ inches. Type page, p. 7Fi verso: 270 x 140 mm.

Signature sequence is in continuation of No. 312.

MDioc. MDSL. LC. NYPL. HLS. SLM. BM.

[239]

[AocosT, M.occ.txxiu.J

MARYLAND

AND

BALTIMORE

Containing the FRESHEST ADVICES,

Omne tullt f* nflna, 1*1 mifctii *>'!' dtlei.

[NUMB. I.]

JOURNAL,

THE

ADVERTISER.

both .FOREIGN and DOMESTIC.

Leflerem d'tle/ltedf, ftriltrttt mneedt. Hoi.

FRIDAY, AUCOIT 20, 1773.

1 Vol. I. ]

To tie PUBLIC.

HE greal Dijicnltj ind £f
fence ej ffe.dtl} ctlaininf i
t,*per fartmcHl ./ Print-
ing Mf trull, ••inuMffMM
yVuwJcr of <,ukj.r,keri It it
fit) Ike Ckirte t/f riming •
weeilf M-.u..P«/>rr, eddtd
Iffmral unfkrftnate Event i
wiicl titt kjffcniii If HI.
kne k~n lhtXe*Jc:.i wtf Ik,
Maavlmvjouivii-, ud
BaLTIMOIl AovrnTiiit, ftlonge rfe/led, ktlknol
before mide ill jlffeara-ice. Tkii, 1 Jlilter mr/elf,
will ke confider:danatnrle Apology, inlke Mindt oflkt
Candid, f,r Ike long. Del*} inpuk:,jl>,,,z,t—M*n} Cm-
Itenten, kovtever, encouraging Me la kofefor a conjider-
•Ucrldiition t,m,Lijl (Jjni/criler,, 1 mwvt nlnrelt
/end Ike fiifl Number atnad ; end -while 1 Melt ike
/urller Enanriretuett cj ike Puktic, I k*mllj re/frit
<i candid RrcrptioH far thia Beginning, -ukick. I mm
Jenjiole, mufl appear under many Difaik'anla-^et, *i /

/ Ifpe llej will di/ffnfe will * ftrfml Jpplieilitm.
wkicl were U pr-vlicjole. wnld te rer, fut:t*[. ,nd
fend Ike Money It lie Prin:inf Office, fr->i wfrfcr Re-
ceifli (for wtttntr lit) mnj If difnftd Hidrin.e f,e
Ike Enamrtfem,*! of lit lifftkf jtnll It r, Itemed It
ike*.

I cfnntt tonclnde wittnt rrlnrwinf net mtf frtlrfnl
Acknrvledfner.t, It til llt/i wit kne Undlj «.'4«r/>«

fr,:iennf mj IrtereJI in Ikn Prtiitee ; mnd pirncnltrlj

ii, 1 rewrite 'frlinner 'for lie fj/Ll",<»*xn™/ lk',
Piper ind Ike PrintinfBnjinefi in ike Tow* of Bait),
more. I am the Pobiic'a

Derated humble Jet.iM,

U7J-

A Letter from /«/ Bijtif »/C. /. tke F.I/-/ of Bd
mom, M ki, hie duel lull Lerd TowaflMad.
Mi LOR D.

f-r^HOI'nH 1 ntrlfm* mfliiWft m«r.ll .A ~

purchifc the freed opinion of tht wwM, iKevjti it |H«
•bfalmc r«Knc« of our on. !^j bill, ih»rU <o ilx
n.trcy '•' Ood, did noroifcliicf; m» ui ponill'i «^»
tnoie cff.-rtujl ; I icctiTtd • wound to Ji n be in i (1 j>«
ol the (imefl d<rg<i lor three mofllht ; ind. in It/i
ihin ive.'re. liw the lather «hom 1 tcxier ced, ind the

quer.ce of wlul tiur fuffei'd during the I'-'.icling loter-
«») of my cure. O\ m? Lord, tl.c (corn of • lhouf>nd
world! would hive been elf dum to whit I Iclt on iMt
dieidlul ocolion! How olle^i d.d I wfli ihii niturc
fi.l ferned me with'i difpol/tion thr nol(d«ftj'i!ly il it
erer fell 10 the lot of he,r mcttef* fonj ! II I hi* to
rcafoo for eobfort. Die told me ihu I i.id rle^ifcd her
beft advice ; il I turned to rr ligif -i, he bid me rerrtm-
ber how I bad irampled on hci grireft admonit.otx.
Pride onlf appeared wr.h > gleam ol Iteming conlola-
lio* ; the told me that 1 hidiOed at became a mao of
honour, and had fpinudly dtmir.ded (atuli^ticn for *m
ucpndonable tU>nor. tt wji irvr, I had dt**ndell
fjinUlio.,-, fMtlka«fihMiMMIn«M7 If

I was ginfly i>uu!ted at irlt, I wai DOW u'rp^rtb'v in-
jart.1. udcleailTlaw, that, though I m:jjn tave be-

VOL. I.

PLATE Xla. See page xiv.

D U K L A P's

MARYLAND GAZETTE;

OK THE

BALTIMORE GENERAL ADVERTISER.

TUESDAY. MAY

1775-

J> Cffl. «'«/;, t.rmed fit FkioMfUt. ftem BriJItl,
• mvtmve lie jtllrw'.wg mtillt^tnce.

FLORENCE. FutvAiv-lg.

N TncTdiy I* Cardinal Brafchi
was imintmoifty e)e«ed Po«.
Hewu.bcraV&fen., pe., Ra-
vcnna, m the Romania; » 53
year« of age ; wa^ created Cardi-

, 17731 «>* 'O" «f'« ippointed
Tre«/uref loth* /* pnC.olic Cliaober. Jle hat now
•ffumcd. Ibe name of Piai VI.

_ f> O N D O N, 'ltm,A»y t.

A letieifirmI.MtiOrn,Jjniisr'3. fay^, •• We!.Mrn
from the I lie ol Cyprus. lh« a loft terrible ea'rth-

has been injured by the operations of Parliament —
Second, folichmgredrcfs from them a« the heredi-
tary gu«d'im of the naiien .—And laflly paying
the petiiioners miy be heard by coun&l at the bar of
the Houfe, previous to their Lordlhipt having any
conference with the Home of Commons on that

fubjt-a."

This petition, after being read three (inlet, wji
U n.in imou (I y approved of. /> motion vn then raid* .
that it !hojld !i= for fi^nmg from foul o'clock that'
evenin*; till nine the fame nil;ht, and from nine
o'clock th'u moroinp nil eleven in tho forenoon. After
which followed anoilier, " ihat it Ihould b: prrfented
today ai foon as the Houfe of Lflnii fhould ftv"
Both thcfc morions were litewife iTtianiraoufly <p-
provcd of.

t'it. 10. ^n tminfltt Qo J.e: *t the nxe;!a; ef
the inerchant«. dt^lvtd", 'hawe/cr i.iihtly arid <oo-

- --

PLATE XI^. ^<? page xiv.

ft*. 14. An ainjminlat-on of 300 men to eaA
of the bittaUioni of foot upon the Englilh eflabluh-
ment is to be forthwith m?dc.

There are at this lime, between !.on<Jon-brid»e ar J
Lime-hojfe, more than 300 vtff Is with broomt at
their maft-headi, as a token they an; for file.

Houn o» COMMOK», Km. 16. fir Ch»rret
Whhv/oi Ji took the Chair of the CSmroitie- of 'A'ay«
and Menu for rtifiibj the lupp!y to ue ;rvnrd to hit,
Maj.J!y i and r;a6brt.-d the folioi'/in? rrfol it-on i

Thst the dHtfa) and pay of the roiliiM b« ie-
frayed out of the land ui for the yea 1775.

Lord Barrin[;rcn tlifntnovod, that .1 f-t'n not ez*
(ceding 67,706!. 7<- Id. be printed fir tSc year
I7/5i '° ^rublc hit MijeRy to au>*«. K hn Ind lor-
rrs wiih 4,383 "tten, office^ and non-co<u«i2inncd
r-ij'-rr i-vijdi^i. Hi? lordfliip pi-'['i<cH Uc~. it>'KJ-
on, wild ntcwin'/th* KOtKiy of the prnenl p.-np"f«

<Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period y 1689-1776

319. — Votes and Proceedings | of the | Lower House of Assembly | of the | Province of
Maryland. | June Session, 1773.] Being the First Session of this Assembly.) (June 15-July
3, 1773.) [Colophon:] Annapolis:) Printed by Anne Catharine Green, Printer to the Prov-
ince.) [1773].

Fol. A-G2; 14 leaves; pages [iJ-28: text with heading as above, session heading of six lines and running heads;
p. 28: colophon.

Leaf measures: iji x 8J inches. Type page, first full page: lof x 5! inches.
BM.

320. The | Maryland Gazette.) (Jan. 7-Dec. 30, 1773, Nos. 1426-1477; XXVIII-XXIXth
Year) [Colophon as in 1414-1425 of year 1772.]

15$ x 10 inches; 2 leaves each number, except Nos. 1447, 1451, 1455 and 1461 which have four leaves each;
three columns.

Nos. 1432, 1435, 1436, 1439, 1443, 1446 and 1450 have "Supplement" of one leaf each.

See Plate Xb for title arrangement.

MDSL. (complete). For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

321. The | Maryland Journal,) and the | Baltimore Advertiser.) Containing the Freshest
Advices, both Foreign and Domestic.) (Aug 2o-Dec 30, 1773, being Nos. 1-18 of vol. i,
pages 1-72.) [Two lines from Horace, printed as one line; Provincial arms in center of title,
dividing it throughout.] [Colophon:] Baltimore: Printed by William Goddard, at the Print-
ing-Office in Market-Street, op-| posite the Coffee-House, where Subscriptions, at Ten
Shillings per Annum, Advertisements and Letters of Intelligence, are | gratefully received
for this Paper, and where all Manner of Printing- Work is performed whith [sic] Care,
Fidelity and Expedition. Blanks and Hand-) Bills, in particular, are done on the shortest
Notice, in a neat and correct Manner.)

15^ x 9! inches; two leaves each number; three columns; pages numbered continuously; running title; after
No. 2, the dates are inclusive, as "From Friday, August 20, to Saturday, August 28, 1773".

No. 6 has a "Postscript" of one leaf. Colophon as given above used throughout until Dec. 30, 1773, when be-
cause of change of location it was altered in part to read as follows: Baltimore: Printed by William Goddard, at
the Prin ting-Office in Market-Street,) next Door above Dr. John Stevenson's, and two doors below the Fountain-
Inn, where Subscriptions, ... | ... | ... | (wording exactly as in first colophon).

See foregoing narrative Chapter Ten, for an account of the origin of this newspaper.

See Plate XIa for title arrangement.

MdHS.

322. Proposals | for Establishing | a Circulating | Library,) in Baltimore-Town.) [Balti-
more: Printed by William Goddard, 1773.]

Broadside. 14 x 8f inches.

Mary land Journal for Oct. 16, 1773, advertises the above for publication "on Tuesday next."

MdHS.

1774

323. Annapolis, (Maryland) Oct. 20.) The brig Peggy Stewart, Captain Jackson, from |
London, having on board seventeen packages, con-) taining 2320 Ib. of that detestable
weed tea, arrived ) here on Friday last. . . . [Signed] By Order,) John Ducket, [sic] Clk.
Com.) [Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1774.]

Broadside. 16x4^ inches.

Contains an account of the burning of the'Teggy Stewart" on Oct. 1 9, 1 774, by her part owner, Mr. Anthony
Stewart, acting under mob compulsion. Reprinted from Maryland Gazelle for Oct. 20, 1774. This incident has
been discussed by Mr. Richard D. Fisher in a series of letters to the Baltimore News beginning with the issue of
April 8, 1905, and extending to Nov. 2, 1907. See scrap book of clippings, "The Arson of the Peggy Stewart," in
Maryland Historical Society. Mr. Fisher regarded the incident as by no means creditable to the zealous An-
napolitans.

MdHS. (bound with Maryland Gazette for Nov. 17, 1774.) LC.

*A History of Printing in Colonial tJtCary land

324. At a General Meeting of the Freeholders, Gen-| tlemen, Merchants, Tradesmen and
other | Inhabitants of Baltimore County, held at the Court-house of | the said county on
Tuesday the 3ist of May, 1774.) Capt. Charles Ridgley, Chairman.) . . . Baltimore:
Printed by Enoch Story, at his Printing-Office.| [1774]

Broadside. i6| x 10} inches.

Contains resolutions in regard to the Boston Port Bill and the Non-importation Agreement, signed "Wil-
liam Lux, Clk."
NYPL.

325. At a meeting of the inhabitants of the City of Annapolis, on Wednesday | the 25th
day of May, 1774, after notice given of the time, place,) and occasion of this meeting;) . . .
[Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1774.]

Broadside. i6J x 6j inches.

Con tains resolutions of Non-importation until the Boston Port Act should be repealed, adopted in Annapolis
on May 25, 1774, (see heading); a protest against general approval of these resolutions until further investiga-
tion, and a note of a meeting called on May 27th, at which was confirmed the action of the meeting of May 25th,
signed "John Duckett, Clk."

MdHS. (in Gilmor Papers). NYHS. HSP.

326. By command of the King of Kings (and at the desire of all who love His appearing) at
the theatre of the universe on the eve of time, will be performed The Great Assize, or the
day of judgment; tickets for the pit at the easy purchase of following the vain pomps and
vanities of the fashionable world, . . . Bath (England), Printed. Baltimore, Reprinted
by William Goddard. [1774.]

Broadside, fol.

Evans, No. 13182. No copy located.

327. Extracts of private Letters from London, dated April 7 and 8, to Persons in | New-
York and Philadelphia.) [Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1774.]

Broadside. i6J x iof inches, (three columns.)

Refers to the Boston Port Act and other matters of interest to the colonists. Issued in connection with the
Maryland Gazette of May 19, 1774. See volume for that year in MdHS.
MdHS. HSP.

328. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. At a Meeting of the Committees appointed by the Sev-
eral Counties of the Pro-) vince of Maryland, at the City of Annapolis, the 22d Day of
June, 1774,1 and continued by Adjournment from Day to Day, till the 25th Day of the
same | Month;) Were Present,) [Names of 92 delegates]. [Annapolis: Printed by Anne
Catharine Green. 1774.]

Single sheet, printed both sides, 13^ x 8}f inches. Type page, p. [i]: 270 x 161 mm.

Contains resolutions of the Convention regarding non-importation in case of passage into law of the Boston
Port Bill. Contains at the conclusion of the Resolutions, an order of the Convention that "these resolutions be
transmitted to the Committees of correspondence for the several Colonies, and be also published in the Maryland
Gazette."

MdHS. HSP.

329. —At a Meeting of the Deputies appointed by the several Counties of the | Province
of Maryland, at the city of Annapolis, by Adjournment, on the 8th | day of December,
1774, and continued till the I2th Day of the same Month.) Were Present | [Names of 85
delegates.] [Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green. 1774.]

Single sheet, printed both sides, I3f x 8H inches. Type page, p. [i]: 326 x 178 mm.

Contains various proceedings for raising a militia force, internal regulations, etc., but notably the following

[242]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period,

resolution: "The proceedings of the Continental Congress were read, considered, and unanimously approved.
Resolved, That Every member of this Convention will, and every person in the province ought, strictly and in-
violably to observe and carry into Execution the Association agreed on by the said Continental Congress." Con-
cludes with same order to publish as in preceding item.
MdHS. LC.

330. — Laws | of | Maryland,! made and passed | at a | Session of Assembly,! begun and
held at the City of Annapolis, on Tuesday the | Sixteenth Day of November, in the Third
Year of the | Dominion of the Right Honourable Henry Harford,| Esq; absolute Lord and
Proprietary of the Province of Ma-| ryland, and ended the Twenty-third Day of Decem-
ber,) Anno Domini 1773-! Published by Authority.! [Provincial arms, T. Sparrow, sculp.]
Annapolis:) Printed by Anne Catharine Green, Printer to the Province.) [1774].

Fol. i preliminary leaf, yL-yZ2, 8A-8K2, I supplementary leaf; 48 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary
leaf: title,-verso blank; "jLi recto-SKa verso: text, with session heading and running heads; supplementary leaf,
recto: contents.

Leaf measures: 13 J x 8H inches. Type page, p. fL\ verso: 268 x 141 mm.

No copy has been recorded of the V. & P. of this Session.

MdHS. MDioc. MDSL. LC. NYPL. NYBA. SLM. BM.

331. — Laws | of | Maryland,! made and passed | at a | Session of Assembly,! begun and
held at the City of Annapolis, on Wednesday the | Twenty-third Day of March, in the
Third Year of the | Dominion of the Right Honourable Henry Harford,) Esq; absolute
Lord and Proprietary of the Province of | Maryland, and ended the Nineteenth Day of
April, Anno | Domini 1774.) Published by Authority.] [Provincial Arms, T. Sparrow,
sculp.] Annapolis:) Printed by Anne Catharine Green, Printer to the Province.) [1774].

Fol. I preliminary leaf, 8L-8U2, i supplementary leaf; 22 leaves; pages unnumbered; preliminary leaf: title,-
verso blank; 8Li recto to supplementary leaf,recto: text, with session heading and running heads; supplementary
leaf, verso: contents.

Leaf measures: 14! x 9! inches. Type page, p. 8Li verso: 267 x 140 mm.

Signature sequence continued from Acts of preceding session, concluding a continuous sequence since Bacon's
Laws of Maryland, 1765. These were the last laws passed in Maryland under the Charter granted to the first
Lord Baltimore in 1632. At the next session of Assembly in 1777, the acts passed were signed by Thomas Johnson
as governor, representing the people of the State of Maryland.

MDioc. MdHS. (imp.) MDSL. LC. NYPL.

Sm. fol. Y-Z2, Aa-Ee2, Ff1; 15 leaves; pages [831-112: text, with heading as above, session heading of six lines
and running heads; p. 112: colophon.

Leaf measures: HjVx 7 A inches. Type page, p. 84: 253 x 144 mm.

This was the last session of the Provincial Assembly of Maryland. It was prorogued to July n, 1774, but
from its close on April igth until its final dissolution on June 13, 1776, by Governor Eden's proclamation and
order for a new election, it was prorogued twenty times without a single meeting having been held. During this
interval the Convention of the Province held its Sessions, and at one of these, July 25, 1776, "The Convention
being informed, that writs of Election have been issued in the name of the proprietary, for the election of dele-
gates in Assembly, Resolved, That the said writs be not obeyed, and that no Election be made in consequence
thereof." On June 24, 1776, Governor Eden set sail for England, leaving the Province in the hands of the Con-
vention and the Council of Safety. The first session of Assembly under the new conditions, "convened by the
Council of Safety" was held in Annapolis from February 5 to April 20, 1777.

MdHS.

[243]

*A History of Printing in Colonial <Mary land

333. The | Maryland Gazette.] (Jan. 6-Dec. 29, 1774, Nos. 1478-1529; XXIXth-XXXth
Year.) [Colophon as in 1414-1425 of year 1772.]

15! x 10 inches; 2 leaves each number; 3 columns.

No. 1514 has "Supplement" of one leaf printed one side only.

See Plate Xb for title arrangement.

MDSL. (complete). For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

334. The | Maryland Journal,] and the | Baltimore Advertiser.] (Jan. 8-Dec. 26, 1774; Nos.
19-52, being remaining Nos. of vol. I, Nos. 53-54 being the first two numbers of vol. 2;
pages 73-204.) [Colophon:] Baltimore: Printed by William Goddard, at the Printing-Office
in Market-Street,] next Door above Dr. John Stevenson's, and two Doors below the Foun-
tain-Inn, where ... | ... | ... |.

15! x 9} inches; two leaves each known number except Nos. 19 and 24 which have one each; three columns.

See Plate XIa for title arrangement.

Mary Katherine Goddard took over the management of the newspaper with the issue of Feb. 17, 1774, but
her name did not find a place in the imprint until May 10, 1775. Colophons of Nos. 19, 24, 39, 41 and 43 are
shortened forms of the above.

MdHS. has a fairly complete file, but lacks Nos. 25, 27, 28, 36-39, 42, 44-46 and 52; No. 23 is imperfect.

335. [THOMAS, DAVID. The Virginian Baptist: a View and Defence of the Christian Re-
ligion as it is Professed by the Baptists of Virginia. In three parts. Baltimore: Printed by
Enoch Story. 1774.] pp. 68. 8vo.

Evans, No. 13651. No copy located.

336. UNITED COLONIES OF NORTH AMERICA. Extracts | from the | Votes and Proceedings |
of the American Continental | Congress,] held at Philadelphia on the | 5th of September,
1774.] Containing | the Bill of Rights, a List of Grievances, Occasi-] onal Resolves, the
Association, an Address to the People | of Great Britain, and a Memorial to the Inhabit-]
ants of the British American Colonies.] Annapolis:] Printed by Anne Catharine Green, and
Son.] M,DCC,LXXIV.|

8vo. [A]-F4; 24 leaves; pages [i-iv], [i]-44; p. [i]: half-title, Extracts | from the | Votes and Proceedings | of
the | American Continental | Congress. | ; p. [iiij: title; pp. [i]-8: (Bill of Rights) (Grievances, Letter to Gen'l Gage
etc.); pp. 9-15: "The Association, &c."; pp. 16-24: "To the People of Great Britain from the Delegates"; pp.
25-36: "To the Inhabitants of the Colonies of . . ."; pp. 37-44: "To the Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec".

Leaf measures: 7^ inches in height. Type page, p. 2: 152 x 85 mm.

See below, note to No. 337.

NYPL.

337- — Extracts from the Votes and Proceedings of the American Constitutional Congress,
held at Philadelphia, on the 5th of September, 1774. Containing the Bill of Rights, a List
of Grievances, Occasional Resolves, a Letter to General Gage, the Association, an Address
to the people of Great Britain, a Memorial to the Inhabitants of the British American Col-
onies, and a Letter to the Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec. Annapolis: Printed by
Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1774.

I2mo. 44 pages.

Evans, No. 13727 gives this title, but does not locate a copy. The entry preceding this one, as the collation
shows, contains in its text all that is mentioned in this fuller title. The "Extracts" were advertised as "in the
press in the Mary land Gazette of Nov. 3, 1774, and as "Just Published" on Nov. loth. In the advertisement the
contents are given as in this entry, but no copy of a Maryland edition has been located in which "A Letter to
:nCr^Ki " and "A Let,ter to the Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec" are mentioned on the title-page. It
is possible that Mr. Evans's title was taken from the advertisement above referred to. Neither of these editions
is given in Worthington C. Ford's "Bibliographical Notes", (see Nos. 19-42) appended to vol. i, Journals of the
Continental Congress, 77; 4-1789.

[244]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-17*76

338. VALLETTE, ELIE. [Cut] The | Deputy Commissary's | Guide | within the Province | of |
Maryland,! together | with plain and sufficient directions for Testators to form, and Exe-
cutors | to perform their Wills and Testaments; for administrators to | compleat their Ad-
ministrations, and for every Person any | way concerned in deceased Person's Estates, to
proceed therein | with Safety to themselves and others. | [Cut] By Elie Vallette. | Register
of the Prerogative Office of the said Province.) Annapolis,] Printed by Ann [sic] Catharine
Green and Son.) MDCCLXXIV. T. Sparrow Sculpt |

8vo. 3 preliminary leaves, A-[Q]8, R2; 133 leaves; pages [I-II], [i]-iv, [i]-248, [249-260], p. [I]: title, (engraved
on metal by Thomas Sparrow, having at head a scroll with blank space for owner's name); p. [i]: dedication to
his Excellency, Robert Eden, Esq; pp. iii-iv: "Preface."; pp. [i]-i6o: text, with heading, The | Deputy Commis-
sary's | Guide.|, running heads; facing p. 106: "Table of Descent", (engraved on metal by Thomas Sparrow); pp.
161-248 : appendix, (containing precedents, forms, tables for reduction of sterling to currency, etc.) p. [162] : (Note
to the printer); p. 248: "The End"; pp. [249-257]: "Alphabetical Index of the principal Matters"; p. [258-259]:
"Contents of the Appendix", with tail-piece; some copies have six blank and genuine leaves at end, so that in
these the collation by signatures reads: 3 preliminary leaves, A-R8; 139 leaves.

Leaf measures: yj x 4} inches. Type page, p. 4: 141 x 71 mm.

The book was advertised in the Maryland Gazette of May 5, 1774, as "Just Published," and in Maryland Ga-
zette June 29, 1775, Vallette begs the subscribers to pay their money and take away their books, otherwise he
must lose money. The book was well advertised in the Maryland Gazette both before and after publication, as
well as by prospectus and subscription paper, (see Nos. 339 and 340). It was an exceedingly useful compilation,
and its engraved title-page, the only one issued from a colonial Maryland press, was Sparrow's best work.

MdHS. MDSL. (many duplicates, probably the "remainder"), and in many public and private collections.

339. — Now ready for the Press, and to be printed by Subscription, in One large Octavo |
Volume, containing about Three Hundred Folios | (price Ten Shillings,! [Space surrounded
by border with words "For", "Mr.", "County" for purchaser's name and address.] The |
Deputy Commissary's Guide | Within the Province of | Maryland.] ... By Elie Vallette,
| Register of the Prerogative Office of the said Province.! [Annapolis: Printed by Anne
Catharine Green and Son. 1774.]

Broadside. "j^g x 6-jV inches.

Prospectus of Valletta's "Deputy Commissary's Guide." In Scharf Papers, MdHS.

340. — Subscription Paper for the Deputy Commissary's Guide. | [Annapolis: Printed by
Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1774.]

Broadside, with ruled columns for names, addresses, etc. Leaf measures: 14 A x I2* inches.
In Scharf Papers, MdHS.

341. Where are ye All now?| A very curious and Modest Address, lately | sent to Mr.
Charles Ridgely, by some of the | Great Men of Baltimore-Town, versified.! . . . [signed,]
Captain Bob-Ad-Ill.| [Baltimore: Printed by Mary K. Goddard. 1774.]

Broadside. loi x 7! inches.

This poetical address to Mr. Charles Ridgely calls on that gentleman to withdraw from his candidacy for the
Assembly in favor of Mr. Robert Alexander. It refers to the contemplated trip of the Governor to Great Britain,
doubtless Eden's hurried visit to England in 1774. Mr. Ridgely was elected to the Assembly, however, in spite
of the opposition of this element of his constituency.

MdHS.

1775

342. January 7, 1775.) To the Inhabitants of Anne-Arundel county.) Gentlemen,! You are
requested to meet at the city of Annapolis, on Monday the i6th instant, to | nominate
deputies to attend, on behalf of this county, at the next provincial con-| vention, and to

[245]

tA History of Printing in Colonial zJxCary land

chuse a committee of observation; . . . [signed,] an American.) [Annapolis: Printed by
Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1775.]

Single sheet, printed both sides; 13 J x yj inches. Type page, p. [i]: 297 x 178 mm.
MdHS.

343. At a full Meeting of the Inhabitants of Anne-Arundel | county, including the Citizens
of Annapolis, on Monday | the i6th Day of January, 1775.) Charles Carroll, Esq; Barris-
ter, Chairman. | Mr. Isaac M'Hard, Clerk. | The association agreed on by the American
continental congress, and the | proceedings of the deputies of the several counties of this
province, at their | late provincial convention, were read and approved: . . . [signed,]
Isaac M'Hard, Clerk.) [Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1775.]

Broadside. 14 x 9! inches.

Resolutions on part of citizens of Anne Arundel County to observe and maintain the Association proposed
by the Continental Congress; naming a Committee of Observation for the County, and other matters connected
with the execution of the resolves of the Provincial Convention.

MdHS.

344. Articles | of | Capitulation,] made and entered into between Richard | Montgomery,
Esquire, Brigadier Ge-| neral of the Continental Army, and the Citi-| zens and Inhabi-
tants of Montreal, . . . duly elected for that purpose. . . . [Signed on the one part by the
twelve citizens named in the heading, on the other by Richard Montgomery, Brigadier-
General of the Continental Army, dated Nov. 12, 1775.] [Baltimore:] Printed by John Dun-
lap.) [1775.]

Broadside. 12^ x 73 inches.

Ford, "Bibliographical Notes," No. 67, attributes this to Dunlap's Philadelphia office.

MdHS. (in v. I, Dunlap's Maryland Gazette.) LC.

345. Baltimore: April 26.) We have just received the following import-| ant Intelligence.
viz.| Watertown, (Massachusetts-Bay) April 19.) Wednesday morning, 10 o'clock.) To all
Friends of American | Liberty.) Be it known that this Morning, before Break | of Day, a
Brigade, consisting of about 1000 or | 1200 men, landed at Phip's Farm, at Cambridge,)
and marched to Lexington, where they found a Com-) pany of our Colony Militia in Arms,
upon whom they | fired, without any Provocation, and killed 6 men, and | wounded 4
others.) . . . [Baltimore: Printed by Mary K. Goddard, 1775.]

Broadside. loj x 5$ inches.
LC.

346. Baltimore, May 1st, 1775.) Intelligence by Express Last Night.) The inclosed came by
Express about an hour ago, we have thought it | adviseable to forward the letter to you . . .
Baltimore: Printed by John Dunlap, at his Printing-Office in Market-Street. | [1775.]

Broadside. 17^ x 9! inches.

Refers to the necessity of stopping ships sailing for Boston with provisions which might fall into the hands of
General Gage; contains a letter from New York, signed, Isaac Sears, Hugh Hughes, John H. Kip and John
Lamb, describing the self-imposed embargo and announcing the probability that Gage would occupy the town.
Has at conclusion of postscript these words: "Let this be forwarded from Town to Town, with the utmost ex-
pedition, to the remotest of the Colonies, especially to Virginia."

MdHS. (in v. 2, Dunlap's Maryland Gazette.)

347. CHRISTIE, JAMES, JR. Baltimore, July 18.) At a special Meeting of the Committee of
Baltimore town, held on Thursday the I3th July, 1775, at 4 o'clock, P. M. Present, Mr.
William | Smith, Chairman, and 28 Members.) Aletter from James | Christie, jun. merchant,

[246]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-

of | this town, directed to Lieut. | Col. Gabriel Christie . . . [Baltimore: Printed by Mary
Katherine Goddard. 1775.]

Broadside. i6f x loj inches.

In this broadside, James Christie lays before the public the action taken by the Committee of Safety on his
intercepted letter to his kinsman Col. Christie, stationed in Antigua, also a copy of that letter, in which the po-
litical references, he claimed, were not of such a character as to call for drastic action by the Committee.

MdHS.

348. — The | Case | of | James Christie, jun.| Late of the Province of Maryland, Merchant.)
[Annapolis: Printed by Frederick Green]? 1775.

pp. 24. 8vo. Evans, No. 13868.

Regarding the sale by auction of goods imported against the resolution of the American Continental Con-
gress and forfeited under its provisions. Mr. Evans wisely questioned his attribution of the book to the Annapo-
lis press, for it was printed after Christie's banishment, ordered by the Convention on Aug. 7, 1775 to take place
on the ist of September. His receipt for money paid through Robert Milligan, published in this book, is Sept. 4,
1775. In conclusion he says "I have been expelled and banished for ever," and at beginning "The public and my
friends, being desirous to know the particulars of my conduct, in Maryland," ... In the title, moreover, he de-
scribes himself as "Late of the Province of Maryland." These two items, Nos. 347 and 348, the Maryland Gazette
for the period, Eddis's Letters from America (pp. 218, 228-229) and Archives of Maryland (n: 9, 11-13, 44~48>
51-52) contain Christie's case in detail.

JCB. LC.

349. Dunlap's | Maryland Gazette;] or the | Baltimore General Advertiser.) (May 2-Dec.
26, 1775, being Nos. I-XXXV of vol. I). [Colophon:] Baltimore: Printed by John Dunlap,
at his Prin ting-Office in Market-Street, where | Subscriptions at Ten Shillings per Annum,
Advertisements, &c. are received for this Paper, and all Manner of | Printing Work done
with the utmost expedition. |

16^5 x 9$ inches; three columns; two leaves each number.

Nos. 8, 9, 12, 14, 19, 20, 22, 27, 33, 34 have one "Postscript" each. No. 16 has two postscripts. Nos. n and
17 have three postscripts each. No. II has title: Dunlap's | Maryland Gazette; | Baltimore General Advertiser. |
No. 12 has title as given in the first instance with a comma after the "or", and this style was continued.

See Plate Xlb for title arrangement.

MdHS. (lacks No. 19.)

350. An Essay on the Culture and Management of Hemp, more particularly for the pur-
pose of making coarse linens. By a Farmer. [Annapolis: Printed by Frederick Green. 1775.]

No copy located. In Maryland Gazette July 13, 1775, advertised as "Just Published, and to be sold at the
Printing-Office, and at the Loan-Office, price 2s. 6d."

351. Same, [with 3 lines from Virgil on title as advertised.] [Printed by Mary Katharine
Goddard. 1776.]

No copy recorded. In Maryland Journal, Jan. 10, 1776, advertised as "Published and sold at the Printing-
Office." It is probable that this was a reprint of Green's pamphlet announced six months earlier, or it may be
that neither of the Maryland offices actually printed these, but that their proprietors imported them from a com-
mon source.

352. Fresh Intelligence. | Baltimore, August io.| Extract of a Letter from a Gentleman in
New York, of undoubted veracity, to his Friend in Bal-| timore, dated August 4, 1 775-1 By
express just arrived from Boston,] we are informed, That the Lieut. Governor of Canada
is taken Prisoner. — | That Gen. Gage is at the Point of Death — That the People and Sol-
diers in | Boston die from 50 to 100 in a Day — The Soldiers had a Mutiny, . . . [Colo-
phon:] [Baltimore:] Published by M. K. Goddard. | [1775.]

Broadside. 13^ x 7! inches.
MdHS.

[247]

zA History of Printing in

353. General Gage's | Account of the late Battle at Boston.] Baltimore, April 15 [sic for
May 15.] | Annapolis, May 12, 1775. | The following was this Day received by the Post,|
inclosed in a Letter from General Gage, dated,] Boston, April 29, 1775, which we give to
the | Public by Authority.] A Circumstantial Account of an | Attack, that happened on the
1 9th of | April, 1775, on His Majesty's Troops,] by a Number of the People of the Pro-]
vince of Massachusetts-Bay.] [Baltimore: Printed by Mary K. Goddard. 1775.]

Broadside. loj x 6J inches.
MdHS.

354. [GREAT BRITAIN. An authentic copy of Lord Chatham's proposed bill, entitled, A
Provisional Act, for settling the troubles in America, and for asserting the supreme legisla-
tive authority and superintending power of Great Britain over the Colonies. Annapolis:
Printed by Frederick Green. 1775.]

Evans, No. 14076. No copy located.

355. [HARVEY, EDWARD. The Manual Exercise, as Ordered by his Majesty, in 1764. To-
gether with Plans and Explanations of the Method Generally Practiced at Reviews and
Field-days, &c. Baltimore: Printed and Sold by M. K. Goddard. 1775.]

Evans, No. 14101, gives the above title; no copy has been located. This work was printed widely throughout
the colonies in 1774 and 1775. On July 5, 1775, Mary Goddard advertised an edition of it in her Mary land Jour-
nal as "Just Published, and Sold at the Printing-Office."

356. HENDERSON, RICHARD. Bladensburgh, 2 August, 1775.] Sir,] The letters which Mr.
Johnson the adjutant brought, were read at the | head of the company on Monday, accord-
ing to your orders; and the | question being put on Tuesday, for every man who would risk
his life, in | defence of American liberty, to repair to the colours, every man present made |
up to them.] . . . [Annapolis: Printed by Frederick Green. 1775.]

4to. No signatures; pages [i]-4; pp. [i]-2: letter to Col. Joshua Beall; pp. 2-4: letter to Mr. Cunningham Cor-
bett, merchant in Glasgow; both letters signed "Richard Henderson." For other references to Richard Hender-
son at this period, see Archives of 'Maryland, 1 1 : 1 1, 39, 49 and 51.

Leaf measure: 8x7! inches. Type page, p. 2: 185 x 147 mm.

LC. (Ms. Div.)

357. Important Intelligence from St. John's.] Philadelphia, November 15.] By Yesterday's
Post from New-York we have the | following important Intelligence, viz.] Extract of a let-
t-.r from an officer of the New- York | forces, dated at St. John's, 3d Nov. 1775.] Baltimore:
Printed by J. Dunlap.j [1775.]

Broadside. i6{ x 10 inches.

Contains an account of the capture of St. John's, articles of capitulation, stores captured, etc., and other cur-
rent news items.

MdHS. (in v. i, Dunlap's Maryland Gazette,)

358. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. Proceedings | of the | Conventions | of the | Province of
Maryland,] held at tne City of Annapolis, on the twenty-second ] day of June, 1774; on the
twenty-first day of No-] vember, 1774; on the eighth day of December,] 1774; on the twen-
ty-fourth day of April, 1775;] and on the twenty-sixth day of July, 1775.] Annapolis:]
Printed by Frederick Green.) [1775.]

Sm. 410. A-C4, D1; 13 leaves; pages [i]-26; p. [i]: title; pp. [31-4: convention, June 1774; p. [5]: convention,
Nov. 1774; p. [6J-8: convention, Dec. 1774; pp. [gj-ia: convention, April 1775; pp. [131-26: convention, July 1775;
running heads throughout.

[248]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

Leaf measures: 8J x 6| inches. Type page, p. 4: 180 x 130 mm.

MdHS. MDSL. LC. JCB. and in other public and private collections.

This collection of the Proceedings of the Revolutionary "Conventions" of Maryland, and those of Dec. 1775,
May 1776, June 1776 and August 1776, were reprinted with the following title and imprint:

8vo. pp. [i-ii], [i]-378. For the history of this reprint, see the Journal of the Proceedings of the House of Dele-
gates of the State of Maryland for Jan. nth and Feb. i8th, 1834.

359. — Association | of the Freemen of | Maryland | July 26, 1775.! The long premeditated,
and now, avowed design of the British government, to raise a revenue from the property
of the colonists without their consent,) . . . [Annapolis: Printed by Frederick Green. 1775.]

Broadside. With signatures of 112 Associators appended.

MdHS. (photographic copy.) Photographic reproduction in Scharf, J. T. History of Maryland, vol. 2, facing
p. 184.

360. — At a meeting of the delegates ... of the Province of Maryland, at the City of An-
napolis, . . . twenty-sixth of July, 1775, and continued till the fourteenth day of August
in the same year . . . [Resolution for the enrollment of minute-men.] [Annapolis: Printed
by Frederick Green, 1775.]

pp. 4, fol.

Evans, No. 14178. No copy located.

361. [The Maryland Almanack and Ephemeris for the Year of our Lord 1776. Annapolis:
Printed by Frederick Green. 1775.]

No copy recorded. Advertised in Maryland Gazette for Nov. 30, 1775 as "Just Published."

362. The | Maryland Gazette.) (Jan. 5-Dec. 28, 1775, Nos. 1530-1581; XXXth-XXXIst
Year.) [Colophon as in 1414-1425 of year 1772 until March 30, 1775, No. 1542, when Mrs.
Green died, (Mch 23d) and the colophon beginning with this number was:] Annapolis:
Printed by Frederick Green.)

Sizes vary, Nos. 1530-1533 measure 151 x 9^ inches, thereafter, 15$ x 9! inches; 2 leaves each number; 3
columns.

See Plate Xb for title arrangement.

MDSL. (complete). For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American Newspapers.

362a. The | Maryland Journal,) and the | Baltimore Advertiser.) (Jan. 2-Dec. 27, 1775, Nos.
55-106, pages 205-424; Nos. 55-104 being the remaining numbers of vol. 2, and 105-106 be-
ing the first two numbers of vol. 3.) [Colophons vary, but remain in substance as in 1774
until No. 73 when Mary Katherine Goddard's name appeared in the imprint, as follows:]
Baltimore: Published by M. K. Goddard, at the Printing-Office in Market-Street,) next
Door above Dr. John Stevenson's ... | ... | ... | [From 88-106, additional advertising mat-
ter was included in imprint, but no material change occurred.]

Size varies. Nos. 55-56: 12^ x <)\ inches; Nos. 58-59: I2j x 7} inches; normal size: 15} x 9} inches. Three
columns; two leaves each number except No. 61, which seems to have only one leaf.

See Plate XIa for title arrangement.

Nos. 58 and 59 have a "Supplement" of one leaf each. Nos. 74, 76, 83, 85, 89 and 98 have a "Postscript" of
one leaf each. Nos. 61-63, 65, 67-72 are without colophons. No. [78] is wrongly numbered "88" which is used
twice. No. 55 has "1774" instead of "1775" in last two running heads. No. 104 has at head of title: "This Paper
Compleats the Second Year." Pagination is frequently incorrect.

MdHS. has all issues except Nos. 57, 60, 64, 66, 80 and 100. Brigham, American Newspapers records scat-
tered issues in other libraries.

[249]

*A History of Printing in Colonial <Mary land

363. [The New-England Primmer. Baltimore: Printed and sold at Enoch Story's Printing-
Office in Gay-Street, near the old-Bridge. 1775.]

Evans, No. 14273. Heartman copied title from Evans but could not locate a copy of the book. Paul Leicester
Ford does not mention it.

364. To the Citizens of Annapolis.] January 11, 1775.) A Hand-Bill for the most infernal
and dastardly purpose, of glutting pri-| vate revenge with the sacrifice of a few individuals,
is now industriously cir-| culating in a particular part of this county. . . . [signed,] A Citi-
zen.) [Annapolis: Printed by Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1775.]

Broadside. 63^ x yi inches.

Principally of local interest. See below, No. 365.

LC. MdHS.

365. To the Citizens of Annapolis.| Jan. 13, 1775.] Gentlemen,] You have been particularly
addressed, by a writer, under the signature of j "A Citizen", on the subject of my hand bill
to the inhabitants of this | county, . . . [signed,] An American.) [Annapolis: Printed by
Anne Catharine Green and Son. 1775.]

Single leaf, printed both sides. 13^ x 9^ inches. Type page, p. [i], including heading: 294 x 164 mm.
A reply to "A Citizen." See preceding entry. Deals with local affairs and the appointment of suitable Revo-
lutionary Committees.
LC. (Ms. Div.)

366. To Walter Tolley, Benjamin Nicholson, John Moale, Robert | Alexander, and Jere-
miah Townley Chase, Esqrs.] Gentlemen,] Waving [sic] all useless apology for this Address,
we think it incumbent on | us, as freemen of Baltimore county, freely to give you our senti-
ments | on the conduct which we wish you to pursue at the ensuing Conventi-] on, of Mary-
land. . . . [Baltimore: Printed by Mary K. Goddard. 1775.]

Broadside. I2^f x 13^! inches; two columns.
MdHS.

367. UNITED COLONIES OF NORTH AMERICA. Rules and Articles, for the better Government
of the Troops raised, or to be raised, and kept in pay | by and at the joint Expence of the
Twelve United English Colonies of North-America.] . . . [signed,] By Order of the Con-
gress,] John Hancock, President.] Philadelphia, June 30, 1775.] A true copy from the Min-
utes,] Charles Thompson, Secretary.) [Baltimore: Printed by John Dunlap. 1775.]

Single sheet, printed both sides. 17 x ioi inches.

A copy of this sheet is bound between the issues of Nov. 7 and 14, 1775 ofDunlap's Maryland Gazette, vol. I
in the MdHS., which has a loose copy also. See Ford, "Bibliographical Notes," Nos. 50, 68-70, 127-130.
MdHS.

368. Williamsburg, October 26.] Whereas Lord Dunmore, not contented | with having in-
volved the affairs of this Colony | in extreme confusion . . . Baltimore, Printed by John
Dunlap.] [1775.]

Broadside. lof x 7$ inches.

An order of the Committee of Safety of Virginia, signed "John Pendleton, junior, Clerk," forbidding persons
to pass to or from Norfolk during Dunmore's operations against it in 1775. Contains also an account headed,

° u k nter>" °^a sma" act'on atHampton against the besieging ships by troops on shore. It was during this
attack by Dunmore that the printing office of John Holt was dismantled by his Lordship's orders. See Isaiah
I hom&s, History of Printing in America, and "John Holt, Printer and Postmaster" by Victor H. Paltsits in the
Bulletin of the New York Public Library for Sept. 20, 1920.
MdHS. (in v. i, Dunlap's Maryland Gazette.)

[250]

rints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

369. Williamsburg, (Virginia) Sept. 9.] The shocking accounts of damage done by the |
rains last week are numerous; . . . [Baltimore:] Printed by John Dunlap.j [1775.]

Broadside. 10^ x 8i inches.

Contains also news item of Congress in Philadelphia.

MdHS. (bound in v. i Dunlap's Maryland Gazette.)

1776

370. Dunlap's | Maryland Gazette;| or, the | Baltimore General Advertiser.] (Jan. 2-April
23, 1776, being Nos. XXXVI-LII of vol. I; April 3<D-Dec. 31, 1776, being Nos. LIII-
LXXXVIII of vol. II.) [Colophon, Nos. XXXVI-LX as in year 1775; N°s. LXI-LXXXVII
(probably to LXXXVIII) as follows:] Baltimore: Printed by John Dunlap, at his Printing-
Office in Market-Street, where | Subscriptions at Ten Shillings per Annum, Advertise-
ments, &c. are received for this Paper; also for the Pennsylvania Packet, and all manner
of Printing Work done with the utmost expedition.l

i6| x 95 inches; three columns; two leaves each number except No. 87, which has one leaf.

See Plate Xlb for title arrangement.

Nos. 40, 41, 57, 61, 67, 82 have one "Postscript" each. No. 63 has three postscripts, one of which, dated
"July 12, 1776", is on blue paper.

On April 16, No. 51, Dunlap announced that because of the increased cost of paper and of other things, he
would be compelled to raise the subscription price to 155. per annum, but on May 6th, he withdrew this state-
ment without explanation and announced that the old price of los. would be continued. See foregoing narrative,
Chapter Nine, for the later history of this newspaper.

MdHS. (lacks Nos. 38, 44, 55, 58, 59, 76, 78, 79, 81, 83 and 88.)

37oa. See No. 351.

371. Extract of a letter from New York, dated Aug. 28, 1776.] Yesterday morning the
enemy stole through the | wood I mentioned in my last, . . . [Annapolis: Printed by
Frederick Green. 1776.]

Broadside. lof x 8| inches.

Contains also extract from a letter from Philadelphia Aug. 31, 1776. Both of these letters give an account of
the Battle of Long Island and the conduct of Smallwood's Maryland Battalion in that engagement.
In collection of Howard Sill, Esq. Baltimore.

372. GREAT BRITAIN. His Majesty's most gracious Speech to both Houses of | Parliament,
on Friday, October 27, 1775-! [Annapolis: Printed by Frederick Green. 1776.]

Broadside. loj x 8J inches.

Evans, No. 14786, attributes this in square brackets to Mary K. Goddard's press, but a comparison of it
with the report in Green's Maryland Gazette shows conclusively that it was a reprint of the speech as published
in that paper on Jan. 18, 1776.

MdHS.

372a. MARYLAND, PROVINCE OF. By the Convention of Maryland, June 25, 1776.) You are
empowered to enroll effective Freemen, to | act as Militia of this Province in the

Middle Department,! . . . Matthew Tilghman, President.) To of County.)

[Annapolis: Printed by Frederick Green. 1776.]

Broadside. 4! x 6J inches.

Copy described is addressed to John Reynolds of Caroline County, and the form promises that when twenty
men are enrolled by him and passed, he shall receive commission as second lieutenant.
MdHS.

zA History of Printing in Colonial <Mary land

373. — The Constitution and Form of Go-| vernment proposed for the Considera-| tion
of the Delegates of Maryland.] [Annapolis: Printed by Frederick Green. 1776.]

8vo. No signatures; 5 leaves; pages [i]-io: text, with heading as above.
Leaf measures: 8 A x 4if inches. Type page, p. 2: 148 x 83 mm.
HSP.

374. — The Declaration and Charter of Rights.) [Annapolis: Printed by Frederick Green.
1776.]

Single sheet, printed both sides, with "Printed for the consideration of the members", at end.

Leaf measures: 15 A x 8^ inches. Type page, p. [i]:38ix 159 mm.

HSP.

Sm. 8vo. A7, B8, C4, D2; 21 leaves; pages [3-5], 6-43, [44]; pp. [1-2]: probably half-title, lacking; p. [3] title;
pp. [51-15: A | Declaration of Rights,! Agreed to by the Delegates of Maryland,! in free and full Convention
assembled.), with head-piece; p. 15, at conclusion of text: "This declaration of rights was assented to and passed
in convention of the delegates of the freemen of Maryland, begun and held at Annapolis the i4th day of August,
anno domini 1776. By order of the Convention, Matthew Tilghman, President."; p. 16: blank; pp. [171-43: The
Constitution and | Form of Government,! agreed to by the Delegates of Maryland,] in free and full Convention
assembled. |, with head-piece; p. 43, at conclusion of text: "This form of government was assented to and passed
.. . the i4th day of August, anno domini 1776. By order of the Convention, Matthew Tilghman, President."

Leaf measures: 6J x 3$ inches. Type page, p. 6: 4^ x 3H inches.

LC.

8vo. [A]1, B-D4, [E]1; 14 leaves; pages [i-ii], [i]-26; p. [i]: title; pp. [i]~7: The Declaration of Rights.|, with
conclusion as given in collation of No. 375; pp. [91-26: The Constitution and Form of Go-| vernment agreed to
by the Delegates | of Maryland in free and full Convention | Assembled.!, with conclusion as given in collation
of No. 375.

Leaf measures: 8^x5 inches. Type page, p. 2: 144 x 85 mm.

Advertised as "Just Published" in Maryland Gazette for Nov. 21, 1776. Sec title above, "A Declaration of
Rights, etc."

LC. HSP.

377- — The Delegates of the Freemen of Maryland in Convention,] To We,
reposing especial trust and confidence in your | fidelity, courage, good conduct, and attach-
ment to the liberties of America, Do, by these presents, constitute and ap-| point you to be

. . . [Annapolis: Printed by Frederick Green. 1776.]

Broadside. 8J x 13 ^ inches.

Blank form for commissions issued by the Convention and Council of Safety.

MdHS.

Sm. 410. [A]2, B-H4, 11; 31 leaves; pages [1-5], 6-62; p. [i]: half-title, Proceedings | of the | Convention | of
the | Province of Maryland.); p. [3]: title; pp. [51-62: text, with heading and running heads.

[252]

^Maryland Imprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

Leaf measures, E^. 8fJ x 6^ inches. Type page, p. 6: 182 x 131 mm.

See note to No. 358.

MdHS. MDSL. LC. HSP. JCB.

Sm. 4to. [A]1, B-D4, E3; 16 leaves; pages [i-ii], [i]-29, [30]; p. [i]: title; pp. [i]-29: text, with heading and run-
ning heads.

Leaf measures: 7$ x 6 inches. Type page, p. 2: 164 x 131 mm.

See note to No. 358.

MdHS. MDSL. LC. HSP. JCB.

Sm. 4to. [A]1, B-E4, [F]1; 18 leaves; pages [i-ii], [i]-33, [34]; p. [i]: title; pp. [i]-33: text, with heading and run-
ning heads.

Leaf measures, C2: 8^ x 6fj inches. Type page, p. 2: 162 x 131 mm.
See note to No. 358.
MdHS. MDSL. HSP. JCB.

4to. [A]1, B-Z2, Aa2; 47 leaves; pages [i-ii], [i]-9i, [92]; p. [i]: title; pp. [ij-gi: text, with heading and run-
ning heads.

Leaf measures: loj x 8j inches. Type page, p. 2: 200 x 184 mm.

See note to No. 358.

MdHS. MDSL. LC. HSP. JCB.

382. The | Maryland Gazette.) (Jan. 4-Dec. 26, 1776, Nos. 1582-1633; XXXIst-XXXIId
Year.) [Colophon as in Nos. 1542-1581 of year 1775.]

15 J x 9^ inches; 2 leaves each number; 3 columns.
See Plate Xb for title arrangement.

MDSL. (lacks 1609 containing July 4, 1776.) For location of scattered issues, see Brigham, American News-
papers.

382a. The | Maryland Journal,) and the | Baltimore Advertiser.) (Jan. 3-Dec. 30, 1776, Nos.
107-159. Nos. 107-156 being remaining numbers of vol. 3; Nos. 157-159 being first three
numbers of vol. 4.) [Colophon varies but without material change until No. 159, which
reads as follows:] Baltimore: Printed by M. K. Goddard,) at the Post-Office in Market-
street.)

Size and number of columns vary; two leaves each number, except Nos. 137, 138, 139, 145 and 159, which
have one each.

See Plate XIa for title arrangement of early numbers of this year. With No. 137, July 31, 1776, the Pro-
vincial Arms were dropped from the title; with No. 140, "the" was omitted from title before "Baltimore Ad-
vertiser".

Nos. 122, [125], 127 and [129] have a "Supplement" of one leaf each; No. 132 has two supplements; Nos. 138,
144 and 148 have a "Postscript" of one leaf each; No. [133] is wrongly numbered "134" which is repeated; Nos.
108 and 109 are both dated Jan. 10, 1776; No. 156 has at head of title: "This Paper Compleats the Third Year";
pagination ceases in No. 135 with page 540; "No. 146" seems not to have been used.

MdHS. lacks 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 136, 149, 151-155 and 158.

[253]

<zA History of Printing in (Colonial ^hCary land

383. To the People of Maryland,! Gentlemen,) You have from the beginning of our | strug-
gles for Liberty, with unconsti-| tutional ministerial power, seen that | our success depended
almost, or alto-| gether, upon the strength of the pro-| vinces united together, as each dis-
| tinctly must become an easy prey to | our enemies. . . . [signed,] A Countryman.] Bal-
timore County, May 28, 1776.! [Baltimore: Printed by Mary K. Goddard. 1776.]

Broadside. i6-f§ x 6j inches.
MdHS.

384. UNITED COLONIES OF NORTH AMERICA. General Post-Office, Philadelphia, May I,
1776.

A broadside containing an admonition from William Goddard, surveyor of Post Office, directed to deputy
postmasters, and other post office business. Evans, No. 15127, suggests that it was printed in Baltimore by Mary
K. Goddard, but it is more likely to have been printed in Philadelphia. During his post office surveyorship, God-
dard was everywhere, and the fact that the communications contained in this broadside are dated at Philadel-
phia leads one to believe that the sheet was printed there. No copy of it has been located.

385. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Baltimore, Dec. 31, 1776.) This Morning Congress re-
ceived the | following Letter from General | Washington.) Head-Quarters, Newtown, 27th
Dec. 1776.) Sir,) I have the Pleasure of congratulating | you upon the Success of an Enter-
prize,) which I had formed against a Detachment | of the Enemy lying in Trenton, and
which | was executed Yesterday Morning.) . . . Published by Order of Congress,) Charles
Thomson, Sec.) Baltimore: Printed by M. K. Goddard.) [1776.]

Broadside. i6j x 7 inches.

Contains an account of the Battle of Trenton, prisoners, arms and stores captured, etc. Congress was now
in session in Baltimore and Mary Goddard was doing some of its printing.
NYPL. In collection of Howard Sill, Esq., Baltimore.

386. — In Congress.) December 11, 1776.) Whereas, the just War into which the United |
States of America have been forced by Great Britain, is | likely to be still continued by
the same Violence and Injus-) tice which have hitherto animated the Enemies of American
Freedom:) . . . Extracts from the Minutes,) Charles Thomson, Secretary.) Baltimore:
Printed by John Dunlap.) [1776.]

Broadside 131 x 85 inches.

Recommending a day of solemn fasting and humiliation, the date of which each State was to fix as "most
proper for their several bounds."

Congress adjourned at Philadelphia on Dec. i ith to meet in Baltimore on the 2oth, when it is likely that this
I roadside was published. See Ford, "Bibliographical Notes," No. 136.

MDioc. NYPL.

387 — In Congress.) December 23, 1776.) Resolved, That the Assemblies, Conventions,
Com-) mittees or Councils of Safety, and other Persons that are or | may be entrusted with
Money for the Militia reinforcing the Armies . . . Baltimore: Printed by John Dunlap. j

Broadside, gj x 7 j inches.

Directs those named to transmit to the paymaster-general the receipts of officers to whom payment has been
made. See Ford, "Bibliographical Notes," No. 138.
MdHS. NYPL.

388. — In Congress.) December 30, 1776.) It appearing to Congress that it will be extremely
difficult, if not | impracticable, to supply the army of the United States with | Bacon,
Salted Beef and Pork, Soap, Tallow and Candles, unless the | Exportation thereof be Pro-

[254]

mprints of the Colonial Period, 1689-1776

hibited. Therefore | ... By Order of Congress.) John Hancock, President.) Baltimore:
Printed by John Dunlap.| [1776.]

Broadside. 12$ x yf| inches.

Resolution prohibiting exportation of the articles named until November, 1777. See Ford, "Bibliographical
Notes," No. 139.

MdHS. LC. (Ms. Div.)

389. — In Congress. | December 31, 1776.) Resolved,) That any Restrictions heretofore im-
posed upon | the Exportation of Staves, or other lumber,) except to Great-Britain, Ireland
and the British Islands,) or any Place under the Dominion of Great-Britain, cease.) By
order of Congress,) John Hancock, President.) Baltimore: Printed by John Dunlap.) [1776].

Broadside. 5! x 6J inches.
MdHS.

390. WINCHESTER, ELHANAN. Thirteen hymns suited to the present times: containing the
past, present and future state of America. Baltimore: Printed by Mary K. Goddard. 1776.

Evans, No. 15222, gives this title, but does not locate a copy. See below, No. 391.

391. — Thirteen Hymns,) suited to the present Times:) Cotainging \sic\\ the past, present,
and future State of America;) with Advice to Soldiers and Christians.) Dedicated to the
Inhabitants of the United | Colonies.) By Elhanan Winchester.) [Three lines from Psalm
cxviii. xxv.] The Second Edition.) Baltimore:) Printed by M. K. Goddard, in Market-)
Street, M,DCC,LXXVI.|

Sm. 8vo. A-B4, C2; 10 leaves; pages [i]-2o; p. [i]: title; pp. [3]-2o: text, with heading, Thirteen Hymns,|
suited to the present Times:| Containing, the past, present, and future State of | America: Dedicated to the
Thirteen United | Colonies.)

Leaf measures: 6^j x 4 inches. Type page, p. 4: 125 mm. in height.

The Rev. Elhanan Winchester was born in Brookline, Mass., in 1751. He became the first minister of the
Baptist Church in Newtown, Mass., and in 1778 was to be found teaching Calvinistic doctrines on the Pedee
River, S. C. In 1781 he became a preacher of the Universal Restoration in Philadelphia. Died in Hartford, Conn.,
in April 1797. Author of various collections of sermons and hymns, and of works of theology. Allibone refers to a
sketch of his life and a review of his writings by William Vidler. 1797. 8vo.

BA. (in Washington Collection.)

1777

392. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. In Congress, July 4, 1776.) The Unanimous | Declara-
tion | of the | Thirteen United States of America.) [Signed, John Hancock and all except
one of the signers.] In Congress, January 18, 1777.) Ordered,) That an authenticated Copy
of the Declaration of Independency, with the Names of the Members of Congress, sub-
scribing the same, be sent to Each | of the United States, and that they be desired to have
the same put on Record.) By Order of Congress,) John Hancock, President.) Baltimore, in
Maryland: Printed by Mary Katharine Goddard.) [1777.]

Broadside. 20 \ x i6| inches.

The first issue of the Declaration of Independence printed with the names of. the signers. Library of Congress
copy is attested in long hand by Charles Thomson, Sec'y, and John Hancock, President. Signatures of signers
do not include Thomas McKean of Delaware who was in the field with the army and signed the document only
in 1781. This session of Congress was held in Baltimore, and Mary Goddard acted as its printer. There is a copy
of the broadside in the Ms. Div. of the Library of Congress, and another in the State House, Annapolis. (Ford,
Bibliographical Notes, No. 117).

The entry above of a Maryland printed copy of the "Declaration of Independence" is the crown of the task
which the compiler set himself in attempting to record through the production of its press the development in
social and political ideals of one of the oldest of the American commonwealths.

*A History of Printing in Colonial zJtCary land

ADDENDA

1727

After the foregoing bibliography was in page form, the compiler found in the Benedict
Catalogue (item No. 80) a description and title-page reproduction of a variant edition of
the Laws of Maryland of October 1727, the earlier edition of which is entered in this bibliog-
raphy as No. 39. The variant is given below as No. 39a.

39a. Laws of Maryland.) Enacted | at a Session of Assembly, begun and held | at the City
of Annapolis, on Tuesday the | Tenth Day of October, in the Thirteenth Year | of the
Dominion of the Right Honourable | Charles Lord Baron of Baltemore,) Absolute Lord
and Proprietary of the Pro-j vinces of Maryland and Avalon, &c. Annoq;| Domini 1727.)
To which are added,| Some Laws that were omitted to be Collected | in the bound Vol-
ume [.] As also the Speech | of His Excellency the Governour, and the | Addresses of both
Houses, and the Answers | thereto, at the opening this Session.) [Baltimore Arms.] By
Authority.) Annapolis:) Printed and Sold by William Parks. MDCCXXVII. Price Two Shil-
lings.)

Sm. fol. i preliminary leaf, A-F2, G1; 14 leaves; pages [i-ii], 1-26; p. [i]: title; pp. 1-4: the speech of his Excel-
lency with addresses of both Houses and replies; pp. 5-23: Acts of Oct. 1727, with session heading and running
heads; p. 23, list of 16 private acts, and two resolutions of Lower House; pp. 24-26: "The following Laws made
in October Assembly 1722," etc; p. 26: "Advertisement."

Leaf measures: 11^x7 inches.

The correct date of the beginning of this Session was, as given above, "Tuesday the Tenth Day of October,"
and not "Thursday the Tenth Day of October" as given on the title-page of the Maryland Historical Society
copy, recorded as No. 39 of this bibliography. The corrected title-page and the corrected pagination establish
the Benedict copy clearly enough as a later issue than that recorded here as No. 39. In the later issue, the title-
page, many headings of acts and in some cases whole pages have been reset, and the book has been reimposed
with correct pagination. Copies of this corrected issue are in the following libraries:

BBL. (imp.) NYSL. (imp.) MassHS. HLS. MDioc. (imp.)

INDEX

INTlEX

References in this Index preceded by "No." are to the entries in the bibliographical portion of the work. All
other references are to pages in the narrative portion. The letter "n" after a number indicates that the reference
is to a footnote on the page in question.

Abridgement and Collection of the Acts of
Assembly of the Province of Maryland, by
James Bisset, 102, 103, 10311; No. 215.

Abridgement of the Laws in Force and Use in
Her Majesty's Plantations (1704), 25, 26;
No. 10.

Acadians in Maryland, 96.

An Account Shewing the Progress of the Col-
ony of Georgia, No. 106.

"Act Ascertaining the Laws of this Prov-
ince" (1699), see "Ascertaining Act"
(1699).

"Act for Repealing certaine Laws in this
Province and Confirmeing others/' see
"Confirming Act" (1700).

Acts of Assembly of the Province of Mary-
land, see Maryland, Session Laws of.

Adams, Samuel, I38n.

Address and Resolves of the Lower House of
Assembly of Maryland (1722), 56, 57n;
No. 32.

Address of the Representatives (1689), 6-8;
No. i.

Advertisement, Nos. 363, 99, 109, 178, 278.

Aikenhead, Catherine (Hasselbach), H2n.

Aikenhead, George, H2n.

All Saints Parish, Frederick County, Mary-
land, 96n, 97.

All the Laws of Maryland Now in Force
(1707), 28-33; No. J7-

Allen, Bennet (the Rev.), gin, 96n, H3n;
Nos. 278, 279, 295.

Allen, C. D., American Book-plates, cited 89.

Allen, Ethan (the Rev.), Historical Notices
of St. Ann's Parish, cited, 41 n; List of
Works by Maryland Clergymen (ms.)
cited, I4n; article in Sprague's Annals
(Epis.), cited, g8n.

[259]

Almanacs, Warner, John (1729), No. 48;
(1730), No. 58; (1731), No. 69; Grew,
Theophilus (1733), No. 75; (1734), No.
82; (1735), No. 86; Mary/and Almanack
1751, No. 144; (1752), No. 155; (1753),
No. 161; (1754), No. 174; (1756), No.
193; (i?57)» No. 194; (i758), No. 201;
(1759), No. 214; (1761), No. 226; (1762),
No. 232; (1763), No. 241; (1764), No.
246; (1765), No. 252; (1767), No. 2753;
(1768), No. 276; (1769), No. 283; (1770),
No. 292; (1771), No. 301; Cockburn. Poor
Robert Improved (1772), No. 303; Mary-
land Almanack (1773), No. 314; (1776),
No. 361.

An Seine Excellent Horatio Scharpe, Esqueir,
No. 287.

Anderson Galleries, New York, 35n.

Angell, Abigail, see Goddard, Abigail (An-
gell).

Angell, Avery F., Genealogy of the Descend-
ants of Thomas Angell, cited, I42n.

Angell, James, 142, 142n.

Annapolis, Maryland, 60,75, 1 1 8; Bye-Laws
and Charter of, Nos. 146, 291 and 292;
Post Office in, I34n; Printing in, proba-
ble establishment of, by Dinah Nuthead
(1696), 12-15; Bladen-Reading press, 17-
26; Reading press, 27-37; Zenger's press,
49-53; Michael Piper's abortive press, 53-
54; the Parks press, 59-74; the Green
press, 75-94; James Hayes's press, 117,
118.

Anne by the Grace of God, etc., (court sum-
mons), No. 8.

Anne, Queen of Great Britain, orders revi-
sion of laws (1703), 29; orders second revi-
sion (1715), 42, 45-

INT>EX

Anno Regni Georgiilll (StampAct), No. 259.

"Answer" of the Assembly to Governor's
"Speech" of 1708, printed, 35; No. 21.

Answer to the Queries on the Proprietary Gov-
ernment of Maryland, No. 248.

Archives of Maryland, no; cited in foot-
notes passim.

Armbruester, Anthony, 112, 115.

Arms of Maryland, Cut of, for Bacon's Laws,
asked for by Sharpe, 107 ; engraved by
Thomas Sparrow, 109; another cut of, on
title-page of Session Laws of 1765, 109.

Arnold, S. G., History of the State of Rhode
Island, cited, i2in.

Articles of Capitulation (Montreal 1775),
No. 344. _

"Ascertaining Act" (1699), 23, 29.

"Ashby," Talbot County, Maryland, 3 in.

Assembly of Maryland, passim; publica-
tions of, see Maryland, Assembly Docu-
ments; Maryland, Compiled Laws of;
Maryland, Session Laws of; Maryland,
Votes and Proceedings of.

The Assembly's Answer to his Excellency's
Speech (1708), 35; No. 21.

Association of the Freemen of Maryland
(1775), No. 359.

At a full Meeting of the Inhabitants of Anne-
Arundel County (1775), No. 343.

At a General Meeting of the Freeholders
(1774), No. 324.

At a Meeting of the inhabitants of the City of
Annapolis (1774), No. 325.

Bache, Richard, 134.

Bacon, Sir Amhony, 107.

Bacon, Elizabeth (Bozman), 96, 97.

Bacon, (John:1), son of Thomas Bacon, 97.

Bacon, Nathaniel, Rebellion of, versified by
E. Cooke, 68 ; see also The Maryland Muse,
No. 70.

Bacon, Thomas (the Rev.), 25n, 30, 31, 3 in,
43, 63; birth (1700), 95; work on the Rev-
enue of Ireland, 95, 95n, 97; ordination
and emigration to Talbot County, Mary-
land, 96; character and characteristics,
96, g6n; second marriage and its unfortu-

nate circumstances, 96; other troubles, 97;
receives honorary office from Lord Balti-
more, 97; becomes rector of All Saints
Parish, Frederick Coun ty, 97 ; death ( 1 768)
and obituary, 97 ; beginning of work on
the Laws of Maryland, 98; despondency,
99; progress and completion of his work,
99-110; Nos. 163, 254.

Bacon's Laws of Maryland at Large, 25, 30,
45,46, 50^63,79,82,84,89595-1 io;sketch
of compiler, 95-98; beginning of the work
as an abridgement, 98-99; determination
to make a complete body of laws, 99; po-
litical objections to its publication, 99-
100; its legislative adventures, 100-102;
Gov. Horatio Sharpe's plan for its publi-
cation, 103-105; terms of subscription,
cost, etc., 104, iO5n; the plan of the work,
105-106; its completion, 106; its printing
by Jonas Green, 107-110; transmittal to
the Board of Trade, 109; a description of
the finished work, 109-110; title-page re-
produced, 108; date of publication ques-
tioned, 109-110; its value from various
standpoints, 110; a typographical monu-
ment of the colonial American press, 1 10.

Bailey, Francis, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania,
H2n, 114.

Baldwin, E. H., Joseph Galloway, the Loyal-
ist Politician, i25n, i27n.

Baltimore, Charles Calvert, jrd Lord, 8.

Baltimore, Charles Calvert,5/A Lord, 45, 46,
67.

Baltimore, Frederick Calvert, 6th Lord, loin,
103-105, io5n.

Baltimore, Maryland, Description of (1764)
ill; first press in (1765), 1 1 1-114; first im-
print, No. 262; other presses, 114-118;
William Goddard (1773) establishes press
and first newspaper, 128-129; Post Office
in, 133; press riots in, during Revolution,
135-140.

Bartgis, Matthias, printer of Frederick, Ma-
ryland, 146.

Baskett, John, London printer, 46.

Bass, J. L., "Flint Genealogy," cited, 77n.

Beale, John, 41, 62.

[260]

I NT) EX

Becker, Elizabeth, see Curzon, Elizabeth
(Becker).

Beckett, William (the Rev.), No. 49.

Bennett, Richard, No. 165.

Berkeley, SirWilliam, Governor ofVirginia,!.

Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu, cited,
148.

Birrell, Augustine, cited, 99.

Bissett, James, Abridgement of the Laws of
Maryland, 102, 103, lojn; No. 215.

Bladen family, ign.

Bladen, Anne, 19.

Bladen, Anne (Van Swearingen), 19.

Bladen, Thomas, Governor of Maryland, 19.

Bladen, William, 1 1 ; 17-27; services to Prov-
ince, 18-19, 23; proposes to establish press,
1 8; brings in a printer, Thomas Reading,
19; begins to operate press, 21 ; Assembly
encourages him by ordinance, 21 ; the ear-
ly work of his press, 21, 22; authorized
to print compiled laws, 22, 23; ordered to
correct mistakes in printing laws, 24; ded-
ication of, to, 24; retires from publishing
business, 26; mentioned, 29, 36, 54n; pos-
sibility that session laws were printed by,
36; death and inventory of estate, 37.

Bladen-Reading press, see Bladen, William,
and also Reading, Thomas.

Board of Trade and Plantations, i, 2, 7, 8,
19, 29n, 45, 104, 107, 109.

Bohemia Manor, Maryland, 55.

Bonnet, Captain Stede, 47n.

Bookbinding in Maryland, 71, 87n.

Bookselling in Maryland, Evan Jones, 22,
40; William Parks, 71; William Rind, 85;
William Goddard and Eleazer Oswald,
138; Mary K. Goddard, 144, 145.

Bordley, John, 25n.

Bordley, Stephen, io5n.

Bordley, Thomas, 29n, 41, 44, 56, 57, 57n,

S8> 59-
Bozman, Elizabeth, see Bacon, Elizabeth

(Bozman).
Bradford, Andrew, 33, 39, 42, 43n, 44, 45,

49> 55> 56> 57, 59> 63> 71* 75> I02-
Bradford, Major John, 40.
Bradford, Mary, see Jones, Mary (Bradford).

[26l]

Bradford, WTilliam, printer of Philadelphia

and New York, 28, 49, 52, 52n.
Bradford, William, printer of Philadelphia

(grandson of preceding), 102, 124.
Bradley, Robert, 34.
Bray, Thomas (the Rev.), Necessity of an

Early Religion, 20, 21, 22; No. 5.
Brice, John, io5n, 106; No. 176.
The Brig Peggy Stewart, Captain Jackson,

from London (1774), No. 323.
Brigham, C. S., Bibliography of American

Newspapers, 1690-1820, cited, 7on; 84n;

93n» Il7n-t
Brogden, William (the Rev.), Freedom and

Love, Son; No. 140; Popish Zeal Inconven-
ient to Mankind, No. 177.
Brotherly Love explained and enforced, by the

Rev. John Gordon, No. 141.
Brown, John Carter, I2in.
Bruce, P. A., Institutional History of Virginia

in the ifth Century, cited, 3n.
Buchanan, John, 109.
Buckingham, J. T., Specimens of Newspaper

Literature, cited, I23n.
Buckner, John, 1-3.
Burlington, N.J., 123.
By Command of the King of Kings, No. 326.
By his Excellency. Proclamation, (1760), No.

222; (1760-1768), No. 223; (1763), No.

2455(1771), No. 307.
By the King. A Proclamation Declaring the

Cessation of Arms, No. 244.
Bye-Laws of the City of Annapolis, Nos. 146,

291 and 292.
"The Bystander" see Allen, Bennet.

"C. D." see Dulany, Walter.

Calhoun,James,MayorofBaltimore,i39,i40.

"Callister Letters," cited, g6n.

Calvert, Benedict, io5n; No. 178.

Calvert, Benedict Leonard, Governor of
Maryland, 62, 65, 65n.

Calvert, Cecilius, secretary to Lord Balti-
more, 102, 103, 104, 107, 109.

Calvert, Charles, Governor of Maryland,
44, 62; The Speech of His Excellency Coll.
Charles Calvert, No. 29.

I NT) EX

Calvert, Charles, Lord Baltimore, see Balti-
more, Charles Calvert, jrd andj7A Lords.

Calvert, Frederick, Lord Baltimore, see Bal-
timore, Frederick Calvert, 6th Lord.

Calvert Papers, cited, io2n.

Camm, John (the Rev.), A Single and Dis-
tinct View of the Act, Vulgarly Entitled, the
Two-Penny Act, title-page of, reproduced,
86; referred to, 87; No. 243.

Campbell, B. U., cited, 147.

Carmen Seculare, by Richard Lewis, 67; No.
76.

Carroll, Charles, of Annapolis, 10511.

Carroll, Charles, barrister, iO5n.

Carroll, Hugh F., Printers and Printing in
Providence, 1762-1907, cited, I2in.

Carroll, James, 6on.

Carter, John, I2in.

Carvile, Robert, 13.

The Case between Philip Hammond and the
late Vachel Denton, Stated, by John Brice,
No. 176.

The Case of the Clergy of Maryland, by the
Rev. Jacob Henderson, No. 61.

Catechism, Church of England, No. 57.

Catechism in the Indian dialect, by Father
Andrew White, 147-149.

"Caveto," see Chase, Samuel.

Chamberlaine, Samuel, ic>5n.

Charity Working School, Talbot County,
Maryland, established by ThomasBacon,
96.

The Charter of Maryland, together with the
Debates and Proceedings, (1725) 59; No.
33; Charter (1751), No. 152; Charter and
Laws (17541758), No. 207; Charter
(1765), No. 254.

Chase, Samuel, I36n, 137; To the Public, No.
263.

Chestertown, Maryland, 50-53.

Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, Ii2n.

Chilton, Mrs., 128.

Christie, James, Jr., Nos. 347 and 348.

Church of England- Man's Private Devotions,
No. 59.

Church of England in Maryland, 39; Nos.
6, 30, 6i,6in, 295.

Clapham, John, 76n, gin, H3n.

Clapham, Rebecca (Green), 76n.

Clarke, Richard H., cited, 147.

Cockburn, Robert, No. 303.

Cockshutt, Thomas (the Rev.), 28n; Ser-
mon, No. ii.

Collection of all the Laws of this Province, re-
lating to the Inspection of Tobacco, 1747-
1750, No. 153.

A Collection of the Governor's Several Speeches,
79; No. 94.

Compass, variation of, Bill concerning the,
No. 304.

A Compleat Collection of the Laws of Mary-
/<z»^(i727),No. 38.

A Compleat System of the Revenue of Inland,
by the Rev. Thomas Bacon, 95, 95n, 96n.

Coney, Peregrine (the Rev.), 10, 14; Ser-
mons, Nos. 3 and 4.

"Confirming Act" (1700), 23, 24, 29.

Connecticut Gazette, 1 20.

Considerations on the Propriety of Imposing
Taxes in the British Colonies, by Daniel
Dulany, Jr., Nos. 255-258.

Constitution and Form of Government Pro-
posed for Maryland (1776), No. 373.

The Constitutional Courant, 123, I23n.

Constitutional Post Office, see Post Office,
Constitutional.

Continental Congress, Extracts from the
Votes and Proceedings of (1774), Nos-336
and 337.

The Contract, by a Buckskin, No. 296.

Coode, John, 4, 7, 8, 10.

Cooke, Ebenezer, 65, 67-68, 70; History of
Colonel Nathaniel Bacon s Rebellion in Vir-
ginia, 68; No. 70; The Sot-weed Factor; or,
a Voyage to Maryland, 67, 68n; No. 70;
Sotweed Redivivus, No. 60.

Copley, Sir Lionel, Governor of Maryland,
i8n.

Cowan, James, printer, 146.

Cradock, Thomas (the Rev.), Nos. 122, 189.

Culpeper, Thomas, Lord, I.

Cummings, Archibald (the Rev.), No. 50.

Curson, see Curzon.

Curtis, Michael, No. 124.

[262]

I NT)EX

Curzon, Elizabeth (Becker), 52.
Curzon, Richard, 52.

"D., C." see Dulany, Walter.
Darnall, Henry, 8, 9; No. 51.
Daye, Matthew, 75, 76.
Daye, Stephen, 75.

"Debates and Proceedings" (1725), see The
Charter of Maryland, together with the De-
bates and Proceedings (1725).
The Declaration and Charter of Rights (Mary-

land, 1776), No. 374.
Declaration of Independence, No. 392.
A Declaration of Rights and Constitution
Agreed to by the Delegates of Maryland
(1776), No. 375.

The Declaration oj Rights and Constitution
Established by the Convention of Maryland
(1776), No. 376.

The Declaration of the Reasons and Motives
for the Present Appearing in Arms, 4, 5, 7,
8; No. 2.

Den ton, Vachel, 62; No. 176.
The Deputy Commissary's Guide, by Elie

Vallette, No. 338.
"A Description of Maryland," by Richard

Lewis, 67n; No. 76n.

A Detection of the Conduct and Proceedings of
Messrs. Annan and Henderson, by John
Redick, No. 262.

Devitt, E. I. (the Rev.), cited, 147.
Devoran, Catherine, 14.
Devoran, Dinah (Nuthead), 14, 15, I5n.
Devoran, Manus, 14.
Dickinson, John, Letters from a Farmer, 125,

Dorsett, James, I38n.

Dowig,Catherine (Hasselbach) (Aikenhead),
ii2n.

Dowig, George, H2n.

Dulany, Daniel, the elder, 57n, 63, 65; No.
6in; The Right of the Inhabitants of Mary-
land to the Benefit of the English Laws, No.
42.

Dulany, Daniel, Jr., 87, 100, io5n; Consid-
erations on the Propriety of ImposingTaxes
in the British Colonies, title-page of, re-

[263}

produced, 78; Nos. 255-258; The Right to

the Tonnage, No. 265.
Dulany, Walter, 88, 91, ggn, iO5n.
Dulany Papers, cited, 99, io5n.
Dunlap, John, printer, of Philadelphia and

Baltimore, 116-117.
Dunlap, William, printer, of Philadelphia,

116.
Dunlap' s Maryland Gazette: or the Baltimore

General Advertiser, 117; Nos. 349, 370.
The Duty both of Clergy and Laity to each

other, by the Rev. William Beckett, No.

49-
Duvall, Gabriel, 88n, 89.

Easton, Maryland, Printing in, 146.

Effingham, see Howard of Effingham, Lord
Francis.

Eliot, John (the Rev.), 75, 76.

Elkridge Paper Mill, 138, I38n.

Engraving in Maryland, 87-88.

An Essay on the Culture and Management of
Hemp, Nos. 350 and 351.

Evans, Charles, American Bibliography, 2n,
7on, 72n> 84, 84n, n6n, i23n, i24n, i4in.

An Exhortation to the Clergy of Pennsylvania,
by the Rev. Archibald Cummings, No.5o.

An Explanation of 'the Feasts and 'Fasts, ,No. 59.

Extract of a letter from New York, dated Aug.
28, 1776, No. 371.

Extracts from the Essays of the Dublin Soci-
ety Relating to the Culture and Manufac-
ture of Flax, No. 135.

Extracts of private Letters from London (1774)
No. 327.

The Farmer's Companion, by Abraham Mil-
ton, Nos. 234 and 235.

Fiddis, Preston, Anecdote related by, 114.

Fisher, Edward, 4.

Flax, Culture of, No. 135.

Fletcher, W. G. D. (the Rev.), cited, 7411.

Flint, Mary, mother of Jonas Green, 76.

Florus Anglo-Bavaricus, cited, 148.

Foley, H. J. (the Rev.), ed., Records of the
English Province of the Society of Jesus,
cited, 148.

/ NT)E X

Ford, Paul Leicester, ed., Journals of Hugh

Gaine, Printer, cited, 7 in.
Forms, Official, Nos. 8, 131, 223, 264, 316,

37^a, 377-
Fox, i2yn.
Foxcroft, John, deputy postmaster general,

133, 13411.
Franklin, Benjamin, 52n, 54n, 73,75, 79, 82,

83, 103, 1230, 124, 125, 126, I26n, 1270,

I29n, 130, 131, 134, I34n.
Franklin, Mrs. Benjamin, 124.
Franklin, Gov. William, of New Jersey,i23;

letters to Benjamin Franklin, 124, 131.
Franklin and Hall, printers, of Philadelphia,

123, 124.
"Franklin Papers," cited, I24n, I27n, 131,

I3in.
Frederick, Maryland, 97, Printing in, 146;

Nos. 133, 134.
Freedom and Love, by the Rev. William Brog-

den, No. 140.

Freeholder, Letter from a, No. 37.
Fresh Intelligence. Baltimore, August 10

(1775), No. 352-

Gaine, Hugh, printer, 71.
Galloway, Benjamin, cited, I37n.
Galloway, Joseph, 123; partnership with

Goddard and Wharton, 124-127; God-

dard's attacks on, 126-127.
Galloway, Samuel, iO5n.
General Gage's Account of the late Battle at

Georgia, Trustees of, No. 106.

German printing in Maryland, 113, 114.

Gerrevink, L. Van, papermaker in Holland,
no.

Ghiselin, Reverdy, 106.

Gittings — "the Widow Gittins," married to
Thomas Reading (1705), 28.

Goddard, Abigail (Angell), I42n.

Goddard, Giles, 120, 129.

Goddard, Mary Katherine, 15, 116, 118,
11911, 121, i26n, 129, 130, 133, 13311, 135,
138, 140, 141, I4in; summary of her work
as printer and publisher, and as postmis-
tress of Baltimore, 144-146.

Goddard, Sarah (Updike), 1 5, 1 20, 1 2 1 , 1 2 1 n.

Goddard, Sarah and Company, 121.

Goddard, William, printer and journalist,
112, ii2n, 114, 116, 118, 119-146; sources
of information concerning, ugn, I2in;
patriot or loyalist in Revolution, 1 19-120,
125, 143; birth and ancestry, 120; appren-
ticed to James Parker and John Holt,
New Haven, 120; establishes first press
and newspaper in Providence, R. I., 120-
121; removes to New York, 122; prints
the Constitutional Courant, 123; removes
to Philadelphia and establishes the Penn-
sylvania Chronicle, 124; falls out with his
partners, 125-126; financial troubles and
failure of the Chronicle, 127; removes to
Baltimore (1773) and establishes Mary-
land Journal, 128-129; establishes Con-
stitutional Post Office, 129-134; becomes
Surveyor of the U. S. Post Office, 134; de-
falcation as postmaster of Providence,
I34n; petitions Congress for commission
in army, 134-135; returns to Baltimore,
135; defends the freedom of the Press,
135-136; the "Tom-Tell Truth" episode,
and the "Queries" of General Charles Lee,
136-140; conflicts with the Whig Club and
the Baltimore mob, 136-140; partnership
with Eleazer Oswald, 137-141 ; legacy from
General Charles Lee, 141; literary ex-
ecutor of General Lee, 141 n; resumes pub-
lication of Maryland Journal, 141; part-
nership with Edward Langworthy, 141;
with James Angell, 142; marriage, i42n;
farewell to Baltimore (1792), 142; retire-
ment to Johnston, R. L, 142; death there
(1817), 143; summary of character and
achievements, 143.

"Goddard's Post Offices," 133, i33n; see also
Post Office, Constitutional.

Goldsborough, Robert, 3 in.

"Good Intent," Proceedings of committee
on, No. 299.

Gordon, John, Nos. 117, 141.

Gould, John, 51.

Cover, Samuel, 54.

[264]

I NT)EX

"Government and Judicature"of Maryland,
Debates on, 57; No. 33.

Governors' Speeches, see Maryland, Assem-
bly Documents.

Great Britain, Nos. 8, 147, 148, 244, 259,

354,372.

Green family, Long connection of, with
American printing, 75-76, 94; Maryland
branch of, 76; children of Jonas and Anne
Catharine Green, 76; Anne Catharine
(ad), Augusta, Catherine, Deborah, Eliz-
abeth, Frederick, John, Jonas (two of the
name), Marie, Mary Rebecca, Samuel,
William, 76n, 77n.

Green, Abigail, see Rind, Abigail (Green).

Green, Anne Catharine (Hoof), 15; marries
Jonas Green, 76; their children, 76n; con-
tinues press after husband's death, 84;
employment of Thomas Sparrow, en-
graver, 89; address to the public, 90; ap-
pointment as public printer, 90-91; some
issues of her press, 91; controversy with
Parson Allen, gin; various firm names of
Anne Catharine Green and sons, 93; death
and obituary, 93; character, 93.

Green, Frederick, 76n, 93, 118.

Green, Jonas, 46, 75-94; ancestry, 75-76;
early life, 76; prints alone in Boston, 76;
prints in Philadelphia, 76; marries and
removes to Annapolis, 76; children, 76,
77n; date of coming to Maryland, 77; be-
comes public printer, 77; earliest Mary-
land imprints, 78-79; skill as printer, 79;
civic and social activities, 80-8 1 ; member-
ship in Tuesday Club, 8i; establishes sec-
ond Maryland Gazette (1745), 82; letter
from, to Franklin, 82; his printing house,
8 in; conduct during the Stamp Act con-
troversy, 83; edition of Bacon's Laws of
Maryland, 84; partnership with William
Rind, 85; association with Thomas Spar-
row, engraver, 87-89; death, 84; widow
and sons, 90-94; proposes to issue body
of laws, 9§n; printing equipment, 153;
acts for his encouragement and other offi-
cial relations with the Assembly, 151-153;
mentioned, in connection with printing of

[265]

Bacon's Laws of Maryland, 95, 107, 109,
1 10; Nos. 236, 237.
Green, Jonas, grandson of Jonas Green(ist),

93. 94-

Green, Mary (Flint), 76.
Green, Mrs. Nicholas Harwood, 82n.
Green, Samuel, printer, of Cambridge, Mass-

achusetts, 75, 76, 94.
Green, Samuel, son of Jonas, 77n, 93, 118.
Green, "Deacon" Timothy, father of Jonas,

76.

Green, Timothy, brother of Jonas, 76, 77n.
Green, William, 76n, 90, gin, 93; No. 280.
Green and Rind, Publishers (1758-1766), 85.
Grove, — (shipowner), 109.

Hagerstown, Maryland, Printing in, 146.
Hall, David, printer, of Philadelphia, i24n.
Hall, Edmund, partner of William Parks,

70, 7on.

Hall, William, printer, of Philadelphia, 115.
Hamersly, Hugh, secretary to Lord Balti-

more, 109.
Hamilton, Dr. Alexander, of Annapolis, 76n ;

No. 109.

Hamilton, Andrew, 42n, 52n.
Hamilton's Itinerarium, j6n.
Hammond, Philip, No. 176.
Hanrick — (ship captain), 109.
Harrison, S. A., History of Talbot Co., Mary-

land, cited, gSn.
Harrison, Thomas, 112.
Hart, John, Governor of Maryland, 42.
Hartford, Connecticut, Postal Service with

Boston, 131.

Harvey, Abigail, see Rind, Abigail (Green).
Harvey, Edward, No. 355.
Harwood, Mrs. Anne, 8 in.
Hasselbach, Catherine, wife of Nicholas Has-

selbach, 112, ii2n, 114.
Hasselbach, Nicholas, printer, of Philadel-

phia, Chestnut Hill and prototypographer

of Baltimore, 112; activities of his press,

1 12-1 14; single known Baltimore imprint,

1 13; questionable imprints, 1 13-1 14;death

112.

/ NT>EX

Hasselbaugh, see Hasselbach.

Hayes, James, Jr., manages John Dunlap's
Baltimore office, i i"j;buysDunlap's Mary-
land Gazette and conducts it (1778-1779),
1 17; removes to Annapolis and starts news-
paper, 117-118.

Hearne, Thomas (the Antiquary), 65; Col-
lections, cited, 65n; Diary, cited, 67n.

Hemp, Culture of, Nos, 350 and 351.

Henderson, Jacob (the Rev.), Nos. 61, 6in.

Henry, Patrick, 60.

Henry, Sarah (Shelton), 60.

Herbert, Stewart, printer, 146.

Herman, Ephraim, Copies of some Records
and Depositions Relating to Great Bohemia
Mannor lying on Bohemia River in Mary-
land, cited 55.

Hildeburn, C. S. R., A Century of Printing,
the Issues of the Press in Pennsylvania,
168^-1784, cited, I in; Sketches of Printers
and Printing in Colonial New York, cited,
I2n, 52n.

HL Excellency's Speech (1708), 35; No. 20;
(1719), No. 24.

His Majesty's Most gracious Speech (1775),
No. 372.

The History of Colonel Nathaniel Bacon* s Re-
bellion, by Ebenezer Cooke, No. 70.

Hodge, Robert, printer, of Baltimore and
New York, 115.

Hodge and Shober, 1 14-1 15; advertise print-
ing office in Baltimore, 115; failure and
removal to New York, 115.

Holdsworth, Edward, 65; No. 43.

Holt, John, printer, 120, 121, 122, 129, 133,
13711, 138, 1380.

Honig, G. J., cited, I ion.

Hoof, Anne Catharine, see Green, Anne
Catharine (Hoof).

Howard of Effingham, Lord Francis, 2, 3,
i8n.

Hubbart, Tuthill, cited, 13 in.

Hughes, T. A. (the Rev.), History of the So-
ciety of Jesus in North America, cited, 55n,
148.

Important Intelligence from St. Johns ( 1 775),

No. 357.
In Congress (Dec. 11, 1776), No. 386; (Dec.

23, 1776), No. 387; (Dec. 30, 1776), No.

388; (Dec.3i,i776),No.389;auly 4,1776),
No. 392.

Independence, Declaration of, No. 392.
Independent Gazetteer, published by Eleazer

Oswald (1782), 140.
Intelligence by Express Last Night ( 1 775), No.

346.
International Association of Antiquarian

Booksellers, Catalogue issued by (1912),

73n-
// appearing to Congress (1776), No. 388.

"J- j H." addresses verses to Ebenezer Cooke,
68.

Jacques, Lancelot, iO5n, 107, no.

James, Abel, I27n.

Jamestown, Virginia, Printing in, i, 2.

Jefferson, Thomas, 85, 87.

Jesuit Press of St. Mary's City, Maryland,
147, 148, 149.

Johnson, Thomas, Governor of Maryland,
I05n, 139, 140.

Johnston, Christopher, cited, I9n.

"Join or die," motto used by Franklin, God-
dard and Isaiah Thomas, 123, I23n.

Jones, Evan, publishes Bray Sermon (1700),
22; services to the Province, 40-41; peti-
tion to print compiled laws granted(i7i8),
41; printed by Andrew Bradford, 42; im-
portance of this compilation, 42; Jones's
"Preface," 42; publishes session laws
(1719), 43; authorized to print tobacco
laws (1721/22), 44; acts as provincial pub-
lication agent, 44; death (1722), 41, 44;
mentioned 51, 63.

Jones, Evan, Jr., 4on.

Jones, John, 4on.

Jones, Hugh (the Rev.), No. 113.

Jones, Mary (Bradford), 4on.

Jones, S., The Most Important Question,
What is Truth, cited, 74n.

Joppa, Maryland, Petition to remove court

[266]

I NT>EX

house from, to Baltimore, 113-114; Nos.

285-287.
Journal of the Votes and Proceedings of the

Lower House of Assembly of Maryland, see

Maryland, Votes and Proceedings of.
Journals of the Continental Congress (Ford,

ed.), cited, i33n.

Junta, (political organization), 125.
A Just and Impartial Account, by Henry

Darnall, No. 51.

Keimer, Samuel, 5411.

Keith, George, mission in Maryland; 27,28;
Journal, 27n; Power of the Gospel in the
Conversion of Sinners, 27; No. 9.

Kent County, Maryland, 50, 51.

Kimball, S. G., Providence in Colonial Ti mes,
cited, I2in.

King William's School, Annapolis, Mary-
land, 54.

Kneeland & Green, printers, of Boston, 76.

Koch, Mr., papermaker in Pennsylvania,

112.

Langworthy, Edward, 141, 141 n; Memoirs

of the Life of the Late Charles Lee, Esquire,

cited, i4in.

Lawrence, Sir Thomas, 9.
Laws of Maryland, see Maryland, Compiled

Laws of, also Maryland, Session Laws of.
Laws of Maryland at Large, by the Rev.

Thomas Bacon, No. 254.
Laws of the British Plantations, by Nicholas

Trott, No. 30.
Lee, Major General Charles, 137, 138, 138n,

I39> HO, 141* 1410-
Lee, J. W. M., Hand List of Mary land Laws,

cited, 3on.

The Lee Papers, cited I4in.
A Letter from a Freeholder, No. 37.
A Letter to his Excellency, by Jonas Green,

No. 236.
Lewis, Richard, 65, 6$n, 67, 70; translator

of Muscipula, No. 43; author of Carmen

Seculare, No. 76; Rhapsody attributed to,

No. 77.
Liberty of the Press in Maryland, 135-137-

{267}

Library, Circulating, established by William
Rind in Annapolis, 85; proposed in Balti-
more, No. 322.

Library of Congress, 24, 26.

Literary beginnings in Maryland, 63-69.

Llewellin, John, 7.

Lloyd, Edward, io5n.

Lords Commissioners of Trade and Foreign
Plantations,.^ Board of Trade and Plan-
tations ; also Lords of Trade.

Lords of Trade, i, 2, 7, 8; see also Board of
Trade and Plantations.

Loudon, Samuel, printer, of New York, 115.

Ludlow, England, 74n.

Ludlow Post-Man, 74n.

M'Clellan, William J., cited, Ii9n.

McCrady, Edward, History of South Caro-
lina, cited, 47n.

McCreary, G. W., The First Book Printed in
Baltimore-Town, cited, ii2n.

McMahon, J. V. L., An Historical View of
the Government of Maryland, cited, 42, 42n,

43-

Macnemara, Mr., 60.

McSherry, Father William, 147, 148, 149.

Maggot, Fr., 2n, 72n.

The Manual Exercise, by Edward Harvey,
No.355.

Markland, J., Typographia, 73.

Marvel, Andrew, pseudonym of William
Goddard, 123, i23n.

Marye, William B., Old Indian Road, cited,
6on.

Maryland, Assembly Documents, Address of
the Representatives (1689), No. i;His Ex-
cellency's Speech (1708), No. 20; The As-
sembly's Answer (1708), No. 21; His Ex-
cellency's Speech (1719), No. 24; The
Speech of Coll. Charles Calvert (1721), No.
29; Address and Resolves (1722), No. 32;
Charter and Debates and Proceedings (i 725),
No. 33; Governor's Speech and Assem-
bly's Answer (1728), No. 45; UpperHouse
Address and Governor's Answer (1729),
No. 53; Governor's Speech (1730), No.64;
Upper House Address and Governor's

I NT) EX

Answer (1730), No. 65; Lower House Ad-
dress and Governor's Answer (1730), No.
66; Governor's Speech (1732), No. 79; A
Collection oj 'the Governor 's Several Speeches
(1739), No. 94; Upper House Address and
Governor's Answer, No. 96; Council Pro-
ceedings (1739), No. 100; Governor's
Speech (1740), No. 101; Report of Com-
mittee on the Fund Raised by Three Pence
per Hogshead (1742), No. 108; Charter,
No. 152; Upper House Address and Gov-
ernor's Answer (1752), No. 158; Same
(1752), No. 164; Militia Bill (1756), No.
192; Supply Bill (1757), No. 206; "Three
Bills" (Naturalization and two Supply
Bills, 1760), No. 221; Governor's Procla-
mation regarding Boston fire sufferers
(1760), No. 222; Form for prorogation of
Assembly, No. 223; Council Proceedings
(1761), No. 228; Lower House Address
and Governor's Answer (1761), No. 229;
Upper House Address and Governor's An-
swer (1761), No. 230; Supply Bill (1762),
No. 239; Proclamation (1763), No. 245;
Council Proceedings (1756-1764), No. 266;
Proceedings of Committee on the "Good
Intent" (1770), No. 299; Bill for redress-
ing Evils Arising from Variation of Com-
pass (1771), No. 304; Proceedings on Con-
ference (1771), No. 305; Governor's Proc-
lamation (1771), No. 307; Constitution
and Declaration of Rights (1776), Nos.
373-376.

Maryland, Compiled Laws of, first compila-
tion proposed (1696), 17; printed (1700),
23; corrections in, printed, 24; unique
copy of, discussed, 24-27, and described,
No. 7; second compilation printed (1707),
28-29; discussed, 29-33; unique copy de-
scribed 3 in, and No. 17; third compila-
tion printed (Philadelphia, 1718), 41-43;
described, 42,43, and No. 23; fourth com-
pilation printed (London, 1723), 45-46;
described, No-3 1 ; fifth compilation printed
(1727), 63; described, No. 38; sixth com-
pilation printed (1765), 95-110; described,
No. 254; Collection oj all Laws Relating to

Inspection oj Tobacco (1747-1750), No.
153; Bisset's Abridgement (1759), 102, 103,
io3n; described, No. 215.

Maryland, Council of, Proceedings (1740),
No. loo.

Maryland Diocesan Library, Baltimore, 63.

Maryland Gazette (ist), 63; heading repro-
duced, 69; established by Parks (1727),
69; description, 70; heading compared to
that of the Ludlow Post-Man, 74n; enter-
ed in bibliography, Nos. 41, 47, 55, 68,74,
8 1, 85, 87; second Maryland Gazette, es-
tablished by Jonas Green (1745), 80; 82-
85; published by Green & Rind, 85-87;
continued by Anne Catharine Green, 90;
continued by her sons and grandson until
1839, 91, 93; lapses and resumes, 117-1 18;
in bibliography see entries under every
year from 1745 to 1776.

Maryland Gazette and Annapolis Advertiser,
published by James Hayes, Jr., 1 17.

The Maryland Gazette and Baltimore General
Advertiser, published by James Hayes, Jr.,
117.

Maryland Historical Society, 22, 6on, 73n.

Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser,
1 1 6, 127; announcement and first issue of
(1773), 128; Mary K. Goddard assumes
control of, (1774), 129; William Goddard
resumes control (1784), 141; published by
Goddard and Langworthy, 141; by God-
dard and Angell, 142; Nos. 321,334,3623,
382a.

The Maryland Muse, by Ebenezer Cooke,
title-page of, reproduced, 66; 67, 68, 68n;
No. 70.

Maryland, Printing in, fabled Jesuit press,
147-149; establishment of first press,3; reg-
ulation of, by Council, 8-9; extent and char-
acter of, in 1 7th century, 1 1 ; second press
and its probable activities, 12-14; evi-
dence for press in Maryland, in I7th cen-
tury, 15-16; third press, the Bladen-Read-
ing press proposed and established, 18,19,
21; its imprints, 21-26; fourth press, the
Reading press conducted alone by Thom-
as Reading, 27-37 ; printing of Province

[268]

/ N'DEX

done by Andrew Bradford of Philadelphia
through Evan Jones, 39-45; fifth press es-
tablished by John Peter Zenger, 49-53;
question of Michael Piper's press, 53-55;
AndrewBradford again, 56-57; first period
ends (1725), 58; sixth press established by
William Parks, 59; greater dignity and
permanency of press in Maryland from
this time, 60; act of 1727 the first for en-
couragement of printing in Maryland, 60,
149-150; literary and journalistic aspect,
63-70; seventh press established in An-
napolis by Jonas Green, conducted by him
and by his widow and sons and grandson
until 1839, 75-94; the printing of Bacon's
Laws of Maryland, the typographical mon-
ument of the Province, 95-110; early
printing in Baltimore, Iii-n8; the God-
dards in Baltimore and the struggle for
the freedom of the press, 128-146; the con-
clusion of the history of Maryland print-
ing in the colonial period, 146; the print-
ing equipment of a colonial Maryland es-
tablishment, 153.

Maryland, Session Laws of, beginning of
printed series (1704), 33-36; edition of
Philadelphia (1719), 33, 43-44; editions
probably printed by John Peter Zenger
(1720-1721), 50-51; beginning of unin-
terrupted series by Parks (1726), 63; for
descriptions of printed laws of separate
sessions, see Nos. 6, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19,
22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 34, 35, 39, 44, 52>62>7I>
72, 78, 83, 88, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, 104, 107,
111,114,118, 123,124, 125, 128,136,142,
149-151; 157, 165, 167, 168, 169, 179-181,
190, 191, 196, 197, 203-205, 219-221, 238,
249, 250, 267, 268, 275, 282, 297, 298, 306,
312>317>3l8>33°>331-

Maryland, Votes and Proceedings of, be-
ginning of series found in certain consti-
tutional documents, 55; regular printing
of, provided for, 61-62; for description of
printed copies of individual sessions, see
Nos. 32, 33, 40, 46, 54, 67, 73, 80, 84, 89,
93, 95, 102, 103, 105, no, 112, 115, 119,
120, 126, 129, 130, 137, 138, 143, 154, 159,

[269]

160, 170-173, 182-184, 198-200, 208-211,
216, 217, 224, 225, 231, 240, 251, 270, 271,
300, 308, 309, 313, 319, 332; for proceed-
ings of Revolutionary conventions, see
Nos. 328, 329, 358, 360, 378-381.

Massachusetts, Printing in, 12.

Massachusetts Spy, Motto of, I23n.

Mather, Cotton, 28.

Maul, Anna Catherina, 52.

Maury, James (the Rev.), No. 311.

Mereness, N. D., Maryland as a Proprietary
Province, cited, icon, io2n.

Metropolitan Catholic Almanac, cited, 147.

Metropolitan Magazine, cited, 147.

Milton, Abraham, Nos 234 and 235.

Monis, Judah, A Grammar of the Hebrew
Tongue, 76.

The Mouse-Trap, by E. Holdsworth, trans,
by R. Lewis, No. 43.

Muscipula, by E. Holdsworth, title-page of,
reproduced, 64; 65; No. 43.

The Necessity of an Early Religion, by the
Rev. Thomas Bray, 20, 21 ; No. 5.

Negroes in Maryland, Bacon's interest in,96.

The New England Primmer, Edition of, at-
tributed to Enoch Story, the younger
(1775), 1 16; No. 363.

New Tobacco Law, No. 63.

A New Version of the Psalms of David, by
the Rev. Thomas Cradock, No. 189.

New-York Gazette and Weekly Post-Boy, 120,
122.

New York, Printing in, 12, 39.

Newspapers in Maryland, first Maryland
Gazette established by William Parks,
(1727), 69; second Maryland Gazette es-
tablished by Jonas Green (1745), 82-93;
Mary land Journal, established by William
Goddard in Baltimore (1773), Il6> I28~
129; Dunlap's Maryland Gazette, estab-
lished in Baltimore (1775) by John Dun-
lap, 1 17; carried on (1778-1779) b7 James
Hayes, Jr., as The Maryland Gazette, and
Baltimore General Advertiser, 117.

Nicholson, Francis, Governor of Maryland,
17, 1 8n, 23, 28, 29, 53.

I N'DEX

Non-importation agreement, Nos. 289, 290,

324, 325> 328.

Nothead see Nuthead.

Now ready for the Press, No. 339.

Nulhead, see Nuthead.

Nuthead, Dinah, possession of press, 9; ad-
ministratrix of William, 10; probable es-
tablishment of press at Annapolis, 12; pe-
tition for license to print and her bond for
good behavior as printer, 13; possible im-
prints, 14; second marriage, 14; third mar-
riage, 15; character and services of, 15;
mentioned, 18.

Nuthead, Susan, or Susannah, 14, I5n.

Nuthead, William, 2-16; first employment
as printer in Maryland, 3-4; land survey-
ed for, 4; spelling of name, 4n; first im-
print recorded, 4; first imprint extant,
(Plate I), 6-8; deposition concerning ille-
gal printing of warrants and action of
Council, 8-9; signing of St. Mary's "Re-
monstrance," 9; death and inventory of
estate, 10-1 1 ; equipment, 1 1 ; summary of
services, 15-16; mentioned 58, 72.

Nuthead, William, Jr., 14.

"Nutheads Choice," 4.

Nutthead, see Nuthead.

Oely see Oley.

Ogle, Samuel, Governor of Maryland, 72.

Oley, Dinah (Nuthead) (Devoran), I5n.

Oley, Margaret, i5n.

Oley, Sebastian, 15, I5n.

Opdike, C. W., The Op Dyck Genealogy, cited,

I2on.
Oswald, Col. Eleazar, 137, i37n, 138, 139,

i39n, 140, 141.

Paltsits, V. H.,"John Holt, Printer and Post-
master," cited, 120, i22n, I29n, I38n.

Papermaking in Maryland, 138.

Paper Mill, established by William Parks,
at Williamsburg, 72-73; sale of, 73n.

Papers of George Washington, cited, 141 n.

Papers of the Continental Congress, cited,

land, 6on, 74n; at Oswestry, England,
74n; at Bitterley, England, 74n.
Parker, James, printer, 120, 121, 122, 129;
"Letters of, to Benjamin Franklin,"cited,

"Park Kail," Carroll County, Maryland,
6on; in Prince George's County, Mary-

Parks, Eleanor, wife of William Parks, 60,
74n.

Parks, Eleanor, daughter of William Parks,
60.

Parks, William, 2, 16, 33, 55, 58; 59-74;
brought to Maryland by Thomas Bord-
ley, 59; origin, 59, 73-74^ descendants, 60;
will and inventory, 6on, 73; "Park Hall,"
Maryland, 60; law of 1727 for his encour-
agement, 60, 149-150; proposals *:o As-
sembly, 60-6 1 ; discord between the Houses
as to his title and as to what he should
print, 61-62; prints compiled laws of 1727,
known as "the old Body of Laws," 63; in-
augurates a literary tradition in Mary-
land, 63-69; founds the Maryland Gazette,
first newspaper South of Pennsylvania,
69-70; his partner and assistants, 7on; ne-
glects part of duties and is admonished by
act of Assembly (1737), 71; removes to
Virginia,7i ; long and honorable service in
Williamsburg, 72-73; builds in Williams-
burg first paper mill south of Pennsylva-
nia, 72; salary in Maryland and Virginia,
71 n, 72; death (1750), 73; discussion of
identity with William Parks, printer of
Ludlow, Hereford and Reading, England,
73~74n; mentioned, 75, 76, 80.

The Partnership, by William Goddard,cited,
I2in, I22n, 123, i23n, 124, 126, I26n.

Peabody Library of Baltimore, 3 in.

"Peggy Stewart" (brig), No. 323.

Penn, William, Printing disapproved by,2n.

The Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal
Advertiser, Philadelphia, first issue of, 124;
sketch of, 125-127; failure of, 127.

Pennsylvania, Delaware and Virginia Alma-
nac and Ephemeris, edited by William
Goddard (1784), 141.

Pennsylvania Gazette, motto used on, I23n.

Pennsylvania Packet, 1 1 6.

Pennsylvania, Printing in, 2n, 12, 39.

[270]

IN<DEX

Piper, Michael, master of the Free School,
Annapolis, proposes to print the session
laws (1722), 54; fails to carry out propo-
sals, 54-55; mentioned, 46n, 56, 65.

Pitt, William (Lord Chatham) Bill of, for set-
tling the troubles in America, No. 354.

"The Plan for Establishing a New Ameri-
can Post Office," 132.

Pleasants, J. Hall, The Curzon Family of
New York and Baltimore and their English
Descent, cited, 52n.

Poor Robert Improved, by Robert Cockburn,
No. 303.

Popish Zeal inconvenient to Mankind, by the
Rev. William Brogden, No. 177.

Post Office, British, in North America, 128-
134; supplanted by Goddard's Constitu-
tional Post Office, I34n.

Post Office, Constitutional, establishment
of, by William Goddard, 129-135.

Post Office, United States, established as
Constitutional Post Office by William
Goddard, 129-135; No. 384.

Poultney, William, bookbinder, 87n.

The Power of the Gospel, in the Conversion of
Sinners, by the Rev. George Keith, place
of publication determined, 27; No. 9.

Primers, Nos. 56, 57, 363.

Prince, Thomas, Chronological History of
New England, 76.

Prince George's County is so very large, No.

133-

"Printer to the Province," origin and use of
title, 61, 6in.

Printing equipment in Maryland, Nuthead's
1 1 ; Bladen's 18,21,22; Reading's, 2 1 , 37 ;
question of disposition of Bladen's press,
54, 54n; list of equipment owned by Anne
Catharine Green, 153.

Printing in Colonies, chronology of, 12;
royal instructions to governors concern-
ing, i8n; scarcity of printers, 40; freedom
of the press established by Zenger's trial,
49, and by Goddard's contests with the
Baltimore populace, 136-140: see also un-
der names of individual colonies.

Privy Council, Office of, 109.

Proceedings of the Committee on the Brigan-
tine Good Intent, No. 299; of the Congress
at New York (Stamp Act), No. 273; of the
Convention of the Province of Maryland,
Nos. 328, 329, 358, 360, 378-381; of the
Sons of Liberty, No. 274.

Proposals for a Tobacco-Law, No. 36;^ 'or Es-
tablishing a Circulating Library in Balti-
more-Town, No. 322.

A Protest against Popery, by the Rev.Hugh
Jones, No. 113.

Protestant Association, No. 2.

"Protestant Declaration" 1689,866 The Dec-
laration of the Reasons and Motives for the
Present Appearing in Arms.

Protestant Revolution in Maryland (1689),

3> 4> 7> 8, 99.

Providence, R. I., first printing office estab-
lished by William Goddard, 120; contin-
ued by Sarah Goddard and John Carter,
121, I2in.

Providence Gazette and Country Journal, 121.

Providence Journal, cited, I2in.

Prowess of the Whig Club, cited, 137, 137n.

Public Record Office, London, 7; documents
in, cited, in, 2n, 5n, 7n.

Randall, J. W., Endowment Guild of St.
Anne's Parish, cited, 41 n.

Reading, Thomas, 1 1, 19-37; as Bladen's as-
sociate prints first compilation of Mary-
land Laws (1700), 24; the Bray and Keith
Sermons (1700 and 1703), 21-22, 27; con-
stituted public printer (1704), 28; mar-
riage, 28; petition to print compiled laws
(1707), 28; petition granted, 29; payment
determined 29; editions of session laws
discussed, 33-36; petition of, (1709), 34;
death (1713), 36; services to the Province,
36-37; inventory of estate, 37; mentioned,
55, 58; for imprints, see bibliographical
appendix, Nos. 5-22.

Redding, Thomas, see Reading, Thomas.

Redick, John, A Detection of the Conduct and
Proceedings of Messrs. Annan and Hen-
derson (1764), 113; No. 262.

Redick-Le-Man, see Redick.

/ N<DEX

Religion, Act for Establishment of (1700),
22, 23; No. 6.

Remarks upon a Message, No. 248 n.

Reply to the Church of England Planter s First
Letter, by the Rev. Bennet Allen, No. 295.

Resolved, that any Restrictions (1776), No.
389; that the Assemblies (1776), No. 387.

The Rev. Mr. Jacob Henderson s fifth Letter
to Daniel Dulany, Esq., No. 6 in.

A Rhapsody, by [Richard Lewis], No. 77.

Richardson (ship captain), 109.

Richardson, Hester Dorsey, MarylandGlean-
ings, cited, ign.

Ridgely, Charles, No. 341.

Ridgely, David, Annals of Annapolis, cited,
82n.

Ridout, John, iO5n; No. 265^

The Right of the Inhabitants of Maryland to
the Benefit of the English Laws, by Daniel
Dulany, the Elder, No. 42.

The Right to the Tonnage, by Daniel Dulany,
Jr., No. 265.

Riley, E. S., Ancient City, cited, 41 n, 82n,
Sgn.

Rind, Abigail (Green), 85n.

Rind, Alexander, 85n.

Rind, Anne, 85n.

Rind, Clementina, 15, 87.

Rind, William, parentage, 85n; apprentice-
ship to, and partnership with Jonas Green,
85; opens book store and establishes cir-
culating library in Annapolis, 85; the
newspaper firm of Green & Rind, 85; so-
licited to come to Virginia by Thomas Jef-
ferson, 85; removes to Williamsburg and
establishes Virginia Gazette, 87; public
printer of Virginia, 87; death (1773), 87.

Roden, R. F., The Cambridge Printers, cited,
i2n, 75n.

Rosenbach, A. S. W., 35n.

Ross, John, io5n.

"Roughead, William," 4n.

Royal Dublin Society, No. 135.

Royle, Joseph, printer, 87.

Rules and Articles for the better Government of
the Troops, No. 367.

Rusk, David,

Rutherford, Livingston, John Peter Zenger,
Second New York Printer, his Press, his
Trial, cited, £2n.

Sabine, Lorenzo, The American Loyalists,
cited, 119.

St. Anne's Parish, Anne Arundel County,
28n, 4On, 41 n, 80.

St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, 54.

St. Mary's City, Maryland, 3-15; first press
in, 3; imprints, 5-8; removal of capital
from, 9; legend of a Jesuit press in, 147-
149.

St. Peter's Parish, Talbot County, Mary-
land, 96.

Scharf, J. T., Chronicles of Baltimore, cited,
ii9n, i37n; History of Maryland, cited,
147, 148, 149; Scharf and Westcott, His-
tory of Philadelphia, cited, I38n.

Schlesinger, A. M., Maryland's Share in the
Last Intercolonial War, cited, io2n.

Scott, Upton, io5n.

Seidenstricker, O., First Century of German
Printing in America, cited, i I2n.

A Sermon preached before his Excellency and
both Houses of Assembly, Dec. 13, 1754, by
the Rev. James Sterling, No. 186.

A Sermon preached before the Society of Free
and Accepted Masons, by the Rev. Thomas
Bacon, No. 163.

Sharpe, Horatio, Governor of Maryland, 97,
100, 101, 102, io2n; proposes plan for pub-
lication of Bacon's Laws of Maryland, 103-
105, iO5n, mentioned 107, 109, in.

Sharpe Correspondence, cited, io2n, io3n,
iO4n, io6n, io7n, logn, inn.

Shea, J. G., Catholic Church in Colonial Days,
cited, 147.

Shelton, Eleanor (Parks), 60.

Shelton, John, 60.

Shelton, Sarah, 60.

Shober, Frederick, printer, of Baltimore and
New York, 115.

Shober and Loudon, printers, of New York,
115.

The Shocking accounts of damage (Williams-
burg, Virginia, 1775), No. 369.

[272]

IN'DEX

Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, 1 2th Earl of, j,
7n,8.

Sill, Howard, 88n.

A Single and Distinct View of the Two-Penny
Act, by the Rev. John Camm, No. 243.

Sioussat, St. George L., English Statutes in
Maryland, cited, 5711.

Sir, the letters which Mr. Johnson the adju-
tant brought (1775), No. 356.

Sir, Yesterday there was a Meeting ( 1 769) , No.
290.

Situation of Frederick-Town, No. 134.

Smith, Richard, 8, 9.

Smith, Samuel, 13911, 140.

Smith, William, History of the Post Office in
British North America, cited, 13411.

Smithson, Thomas, 22n.

Smyth, A. H. ed., Writings of Benjamin
Franklin, cited, i26n.

"Some Queries, Political and Military," by
General Charles Lee, 137-140.

Somerville, George, I44n.

Sommervogel, Carlos, ed. Bibliotheque de la
Compagnie de Jesus, cited, 148.

Sotweed Factor, by Ebenezer Cooke, No. 70.

Sotweed Redivivus, by E[benezer] Qooke],
Gent., 65, 68n; No. 60.

Soumaien, Samuel, 76n.

Soumaien, Mrs. Susanna, 77n.

Southwell, Nathaniel, ed. Bibliotheca Scrip-
torum Societatis Jesu, cited, 148.

Sower, Christopher, of Germantown, 112.

Sower, Christopher, Jr., 114.

Sparrow, Thomas, Sr., 88.

Sparrow, Thomas, first Maryland engraver,
87-89, 91; probable parentage, 88; guar-
dianship by Jonas Green, 88; training as
goldsmith, 88; his work as an engraver,
89; engraves Provincial Arms for title-
page of Bacon's Laws, 109.

Speechof his Excellency (1708), No. 20; (1721)
No. 29; (1730), No. 64; (i?3a)> No. 79;
(1740), No. 101.

Spencer, Nicholas, Sec'y of Virginia Council,
2.

Sprague, Wm. B., cited, 98 n.

Sprigg, Richard, 88n, 89.

[273]

Stamp Act, broadside concerning, No. 264;
Proceedings of the Congress at New York
(1765), No. 273; broadside (1766), No.
274; Maryland Gazette during operation
of, 83; Daniel Dulany's Considerations,
Nos. 255-258; title-page reproduced, 78;
Goddard's publication against, 122-123.

Stamp Act, Maryland edition of, No. 259.

Statutes, English in Maryland, 55; No. 42.

Steiner, Bernard C, "Andrew Hamilton and
John Peter Zenger,"cited,42n,52n; Early
Maryland Poetry, cited, 67n; "A Pioneer
in Negro Education," cited, gSn.

Sterling, James (the Rev.), No. 186.

Steuart, George, io5n, 106.

Stevens, Henry, "Calendar of Maryland
Papers," cited, 7n.

Stevenson, Dr. Henry, 115.

Stith's History of Virginia, printed by Wil-
liam Parks, 73.

Story, Enoch, the elder, 116.

Story, Enoch, the younger, sets up press in
Baltimore about 1774, 115; sells equip-
ment and removes to Philadelphia(i775),
116.

Story and Humphreys, printers, of Philadel-
phia, 1 1 6.

Strahan, William, English publisher and
politician, I24n, 127, I27n.

Subscription Paper for the Deputy Commis-
sary's Guide, No. 340.

"Sun Iron Building," I28n.

Swearingen, see Van Swearingen.

Talbot, Charles, I2th Earl of Shrewsbury,
see Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, I2th Earl
of.

Talbot, John, 28.

Tasker, Anne (Bladen), 19.

Tasker, Benjamin, 19, 51.

Tasker, Benjamin (2d), io5n.

Taylard, William, 13, 15, I5n.

Taylor, John, 25n.

Taylor, Randal, 5.

Taylor, Randolph, see Taylor, Randal.

Tea, Destruction of, No. 323.

A Thanksgiving Sermon on the Supression of

INTtEX

the Unnatural Rebellion in Scotland, by the

Rev. John Gordon, No. 117.
Thirteen Hymns, by Elhanan Winchester,

Nos. 390,391.
This Morning Congress received the following

Letter from General Washington (1776), No.

385-

Thomas, David, No. 335.
Thomas, Isaiah, History of Printing in Amer-

ica, cited 12, I2n, 43n, 520, 58, 5gn, 7 in,

73n, 76n, 79n, 87, iian, 113, 114, 115,

11511, 11711, 119, iign, 122, 123, 1230,

i26n, 13611, i4in, 143, 144.
Thomas, J. W., Chronicles of Colonial Mary-

land, cited, 148.
Tilghman, Oswald, cited, gSn.
Timothy, Lewis, printer, 47n.
To Christians of Every Denomination among

us, by the Rev. James Maury, No. 311.
To his Excellency (Address of Assembly)

(i7o8),No. 20; (1728) No. 45; (1729), No.

Nos. 229 and 230; (Petition of certain in-
habitants of Baltimore County), Nos.
285-287; (Petition of Jonas Green), No.

*37-
To the Citizens of Annapolis (signed A. Citi-

zen, 1775), No. 364 ; (Signed An American,

1775), No. 365.
To the Honourable Benedict Leonard Calvert,

Esq. (1730), No. 66.
To the Honourable Benjamin Tasker, Esq.

(1752), No. 158.
To the Inhabitants of Anne Arundel County

(1775), No. 342.
To the People f Maryland (signed, A Coun-

tryman, 1776), No. 383.
To the Public (signed, Samuel Chase, 1766),

No. 263; (signed, Rennet Allen, 1768),

No. 279; (signed, William Green, 1768),

No. 280; (signed Daniel Wolstenholme,

1768), No. 288.
To Walter Tolley, Benjamin Nicholson, John

Moale, Robert Alexander, and Jeremiah

Townley Chase, Esqrs. (1775), No. 366.
Tobacco, Nos. 36, 37, 51, 63, 108, 147, 148,

153>243, 265.

Tobacco, equivalent in currency, ion, 26,
26n.

"Tobacco Laws," 44.

"Tom-Tell Truth" episode, 136, I36n, 137.

Tonnage duty, 99-100, 101, 104; No. 265.

Towne, Benjamin, Philadelphia, partner of
Goddard, 125-126; quarrel and dissolu-
tion of partnerhisp, I26n; mentioned 127.

Trott, Nicholas, Laws of the British Planta-
tions, 25, 26, 30, 3on, 46, 47; its editor,
47n; described, No. 30.

Tuesday Club of Annapolis, 81, 107; printed
notices of meetings, Nos. 187, 188.

Two Sermons, by the Rev.Thomas Cradock,
No. 122.

Type-founding in America, 114.

The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen
United States of America (July 4, 1776),
No. 392.

United Colonies of North America, Nos-336,

337, 367> 384.

United States of America, Nos. 385-389, 392.
Updike, Lodowick, 1 20.
Updike,Sarah, see Goddard,Sarah (Updike)

Vallette, Elie, Deputy Commissary's Guide,
89, 91; No. 338; subscription papers for,

Nos- 339. 340-
Van Swearingen, Anne, see Bladen, Anne

(Van Swearingen).
Van Swearingen, Garrett, 19.
Vinegar Bible, 46.
Virginia Gazette, established by William

Parks, 73, 73n; Rind's Virginia Gazette,

.87; .
Virginia Laws (compiled), printed by Parks

(I733)> 72-
Virginia Laws (session), Parks proposes to

print (1727), 72.
Vriginia, Printing in, i, 2, 2n, 3, 12, 71-73,

85, 87.
Virginia Baptist, by David Thomas, No.

335-
Votes and Proceedings of the Lower House

of Assembly of the Province of Maryland,
see Maryland, Votes and Proceedings of.

[274]

I NT>EX

Votes and Resolves of the Lower House of
Assembly of the Province of Maryland,
see Maryland, Votes and Proceedings of.

"Vox Populi, Vox Dei. A Providence Ga-
zette Extraordinary," 121.

Wallace, Charles, io5n.

Wapping Wharf, Annapolis, 29.

Warner, John, Nos. 48, 58, 69.

Washington, George, 129, 135, 138, 139,141,
I4in, 145.

We have just received the following important
Intelligence (1775), No. 345.

We, the Subscribers, his Majesty's loyal and
dutiful Subjects , (1769), No. 289.

"Webb, Mr." George (?), John (?), 7on.

Weeks, L. H., History of Paper Manufactur-
ing in the U. S., 1690-1916, cited, 73n.

The Weeks Preparation, No. 59.

Weyman, Henry T., cited, 74n.

Wharton, Thomas, 123; partnership with
Goddard and Galloway, 124-127.

Where are ye All now? (1774), No. 341.

Whereas Lord Dunmore (1775), No. 368.

Whereas, the just War (1776), No. 386.

Whetcroft, William, I34n.

Whig Club of Baltimore, attack upon Wil-
liam Goddard, 136, 137.

White, Father Andrew, Catechism, 147,148,
149.

Williamsburg, Virginia, existence of press
there in 1702 questioned, 2; press estab-
lished there in 1730 by William Parks, 71 ;
Nos. 368 and 369.

Wilson, Thomas (the Rt. Rev.), 96, 96n.

Winchester, Elhanan, Nos. 390, 391.

Wolstenholme, Daniel, io5n; No. 288.

Women printers in America, 15.

Woodbridge, N. J., 123, I23n.

Woodward, Ashbel, "Brief Memories and
Notices of Prince's Subscribers," cited,
77n.

Wooten, see Wooton.

Wooton, James (the Rev.), 28n; No. 14.

Wroth, L. C, "A Maryland Merchant and
his Friends," cited, 98n.

Zenger, Anna Catherina (Maul), 52.

Zenger, John, 52.

Zenger, John Peter, 42n, 44; 49-58; sketch
of his life, 49-50; arrival in Maryland, 50;
petition to print Session Laws (1720), 50;
his naturalization in Maryland, 50; loca-
tion of residence and printing house, Ches-
tertown or Annapolis, 50-53; evidence of
his printing Maryland Session Laws ( 1 720-
1721), 50-51; removal from Maryland and
later life, 51-52; discussion of his Mary-
land activities, 52, 53.

[275]

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Wroth, Lawrence Counselman
209 A history of printing in

M39W9 colonial Maryland, l686-l??6

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